益生中草药肉鸡饲料添加剂的开发研究

将茴香、甘草及车前草等13味中草药制成中草药饲料添加剂，并与益生菌添加剂结合配制成益生中草药合剂，对其进行感官评定、成本核算及活菌含量测定。将中草药饲料添加剂、益生中草药合剂、益生菌添加剂及全价饲料进行肉鸡饲喂试验，并将其对肉鸡增质量、品质及风味等的影响进行比较，结果表明，益生中草药饲料添加荆在增质量、风味、料肉比、成活率及经济效益等方面均优于其他试验组，具有良好的综合效益。     

奶牛饲料及中草药添加剂在奶牛生产中的应用

奶牛养殖中,保证产奶量和质量尤为关键。中草药作为绿色、安全的添加剂,将其应用于奶牛生产中,一方面能够弥补传统饲料品种单一、营养不足的缺陷,另一方面能够起到良好的疾病预防效果,确保奶牛健康生产。基于此,本文首先分析了奶牛饲料种类;其次分析了中草药饲料添加剂的特点;最后探讨了中草药添加剂在奶牛生产中的具体应用。     

中草药饲料添加剂将受青睐

由于饲养中常用的抗生素、化学合成抗菌剂等在动物体内的残留及耐药性等问题，开始威胁到人类的健康，也影响到我国农副产品的出口。为此，我国把中草药饲料添加剂的研制、开发列入重要议事日程，并加大科技投入，科研成果不断涌现。如中科院上海家禽寄生虫病研究所采用山楂、苍术、陈皮等１３味中药配制的添加剂，在高温季节可使肉猪有较好的抗热应激效果。据统计，我国约有２００多家企业生产了４００多个品种的中草药饲料添加剂。中草药饲料添加剂的开发，将促进我国肉类的出口。□中草药饲料添加剂将受青睐     

发展中草药饲料添加剂的思路

发展中草药饲料添加剂的思路郝廷高（河北省万全县畜牧水产局０７６２５０）中草药饲料添加剂是近几年发展起来的一类新型饲料添加剂，已被广泛地应用于畜牧业生产，并愈来愈发挥着巨大作用，今后如何发展，很值得研究。１中草药饲料添加剂概况随着畜牧业和饲料工业的发展...     

中草药饲料添加剂在养猪生产中的应用与展望

中草药饲料添加剂是以中草药为主要原料制作的动物饲料添加剂,具有药源丰富、无耐药性、不污染环境等特点.养猪生产中应用中草药饲料添加剂可以有效提高猪的生产性能,改善猪肉品质.基于猪用中草药饲料添加剂的作用机理分析,阐述了其在养猪生产中的应用效果,最后对中草药饲料添加剂应用于养猪生产中的发展趋势进行了展望.     

展望中草药饲料添加剂在湟源县的应用前景

通过现阶段中草药饲料添加剂的开发与利用现状阐述了湟源县开发与利用中草药饲料添加剂的必要性和实用性,并展望了其在湟源地区的应用前景,旨在让湟源县的动物养殖人员更加了解中草药这种纯天然的饲料添加剂并将此应用于实际生产,为湟源县的畜牧业健康发展添砖加瓦。     

中草药饲料添加剂在甘肃省平凉市畜牧业发展中的应用前景

通过对甘肃省平凉市畜牧业发展的现状、存在问题、中草药饲料添加剂发展历史和优势、发展中草药饲料添加剂的前景4个方面的阐述,旨在让平凉市的动物养殖人员更加了解中草药这种纯天然的饲料添加剂,并将其应用于生产实践中,为平凉市的畜牧业健康发展提供绿色饲料产品。     

中草药提取物在肉兔生产中的应用研究进展

中草药提取物作为饲料添加剂应用于肉兔生产中，可以调控肉兔生产性能，在目前全面禁用饲用抗生素的环境下，是肉兔饲料添加剂的研究热点。本文综述了在肉兔生产中使用中草药提取物作为饲料添加剂对肉兔生产性能、肠道发育以及抗病性能的影响，旨在为中草药提取物在肉兔养殖中的应用提供科学的理论依据。     

中草药饲料添加剂的功能与应用

中草药是中药和草药的总称。中药是指在中兽医学理论指导下 ,应用于临床防治疾病的天然药物 ,而草药是指民间兽医沿用或地域性流传的防治疾病的植物性药物。中草药饲料添加剂是指以我国天然中草药的物性、物味、物间关系的传统理论为主导 ,辅以饲养和饲料工业等学科理论技术而制成的天然饲料添加剂。它具有与食物同源、同体、同用的特点 ,是现代化学药物、抗生素、激素类药物无法比拟的 ,是一种理想的饲料添加剂。1　中草药饲料添加剂的发展历史我国古代早就有利用中草药作为饲料添加剂的实例。公元前二世纪 ,西汉刘安所著《雅安子·万毕术…     

微生物发酵中草药饲料添加剂概述

中草药作为饲料添加剂应用于畜牧生产中在我国具有悠久的历史。随着人们生活品质的提高,人们对绿色安全食品的需求日益加大。微生物发酵中草药饲料添加剂可改善目前直接将中草药应用于畜牧生产中所产生的弊端,而且微生物还可对中草药的药性和药效有不同程度的改善。文内就微生物发酵中草药饲料添加剂的现况及优势作一简要概述,为"绿色"微生态产品的开发利用提供理论依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

Evaluation of serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism and results of radiography as indicators of severity of osteochondrosis in foals

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis.