PCR法对伪狂犬病病猪不同部位的检测及敏感性试验

应用ＰＣＲ方法对ＰＲＶ感染细胞及自然发病猪不同组织样品进行检测，感染细胞毒最低检出是为１０＾５个ＴＣＩＤ５０病料组织样最低取样０．１ｍｇ时，仍能得阳性结果其敏感性显著高于微量血清中和试验。ＰＲＶ在自然发病猪体分布很广，脑，三叉神经节（三叉Ｎ节）。嗅球，扁桃体，心脏，肝，脾肺，肾均有ＰＲＶ在存在的，ＰＲＶ的检出率最高的组织为三叉神经节，其检了率为１００％，其它对照病毒及传代细胞ＰＣＲ反应产物电泳结果     

应用地高辛探针诊断猪细小病毒病

利用地高辛标记的ＰＵＰ重组质粒探针,分别对了株猪细小病毒（ＰＰＶ）分离毒及ＰＰＶ－ＢＭ１株细胞培养物的ＤＮＡ抽提物进行斑点杂交,结果均为阳性,而对照的猪瘟产为狂犬 病病毒ＰＲＶ）、乙型脑炎病毒及ＰＫ－１５细胞为阴性;对７份自然感染病料进行处理,杂交结果为阳性反应,对照健康猪组织,猪瘟病料、猪伪狂犬病病料则为阴性。     

应用多重反转录—聚合酶链反应检测鸡新城疫病毒和传染？…

本文建立了一种同时检测ＮＤＶ和ＩＢＶ二种病原体的多重ＰＣＲ。根据ＮＤＶ和ＩＢＶ的基因文库，设计了两对分别与ＮＤＶ与ＩＢＶ某段基因序列互补的引物，用这两对引物对同一样品ＮＤＶ和ＩＢＶＲＮＡ模板进行多重ＲＴ－ＣＰＲ扩增，结果均得到了两条特异性大步与实验设计相符的３１０ｂｐ和１７２０ｂｐ多重的ＲＴ－ＣＰＲ扩增带，而对其他６种禽病病原的ＰＣＲ扩增结果均为阴性，敏感性测定结果表明，该多重ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ技术能同     

逆转录—聚合酶链反应（RT—PCR）检测轮状病毒

为了给轮状病毒感染的诊断和流行病学研究提供更为敏感和可靠的手段,选取Ａ组轮状病毒ＶＰ７基因上的２段高度保守序列作为引物,在优化逆转录－聚合酶链反应（ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ）条件的基础上,建立了检测轮状病毒的ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ方法。通过对比试验,确定了ＰＣＲ的最优模式：９４℃变性１ｍｉｎ→５５℃退火１ｍｉｎ→７２℃延伸２ｍｉｎ,３０个循环后再在７２℃下延伸１０ｍｉｎ。用此模式进行了ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ的特异性和敏感性试验。检测的６株轮状病毒分离株（牛ＨＮ－７、ＢＲＶ００７、ＢＲＶ０１４、ＢＲＶ６５５５、猪Ｌｉ９９、Ｎａｎ８６）及２株参考株（牛ＮＣＤＶ、猴ＳＡ１１）,都能扩增出唯一的３４２ｂｐ的目的条带;对猪流行性腹泻病毒（ＰＥＤＶ）及传染性胃肠炎病毒（ＴＧＥＶ）感染猪的粪样、正常ＭＡ１０４细胞检测结果均呈阴性;检测的敏感度可达１ｐｇ水平。对４０份猪、牛、兔的腹泻粪样检测,３０份呈阳性,而用作平行对照的夹心ＥＬＩＳＡ法检测,有２５份呈阳性,两者符合率为８７．５％。两法检测不符的５份粪样的ＰＣＲ扩增产物,用地高辛标记探针进行了斑点杂交,结果均呈阳性,表明ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ法比ＥＬＩＳＡ法敏感性高。     

双抗体夹心ELISA检测伪狂犬病病毒的研究

建立了检测伪狂犬病病毒（ＰＲＶ）抗原的双抗体夹心ＥＬＩＳＡ。试验方法的最佳工作条件为,抗体包被量为５μｇ／孔,酶标抗体的浓度为１２００。对人工感染兔和自然感染猪的组织脏器检测,结果发现扁桃体、脑和肺的检出率最高,其次为心、肝、脾、肾等组织。     

猪圆环病毒发病机理的研究

通过口／鼻和静脉注射途径，用猪圆环病毒（ＰＣＶ）实验性感染未吮初乳仔猪，检查其病毒和抗原的分布，分别用病毒分离和冰冻切片间接免疫荧光抗体技术检查ＰＣＶ和抗原。结果，在机体组织中都检出了ＰＣＶ抗原，特别是在脾、胸腺和肺。中枢神经系统的组织中未检出ＰＣＶ抗原或病毒。检查自然发生流产／死胎母猪的胎儿，结果从同一农场两窝死产仔猪的２份血清和１份脾脏病料中分离出３株ＰＣＶ；检查１６０份胎儿血清，未检出ＰＣＶ     

双抗体夹心ELISA检测伪狂犬病病毒的研究

建立了检测伪狂犬病病毒（ＰＲＶ）抗原的双抗体夹心ＥＬＩＳＡ,试验方法的最佳工作条件为：抗体包被量为５μｇ／孔,酶标抗体的浓度为１：２００。对人工感染兔和自然感染猪的组织脏器检测,结果发现扁桃体,脑和肺的检出率最高,其次为心,肝,脾,肾等组织。     

应用反转录—聚合酶链技术快速检测猪瘟病毒RNA的研究

依据猪瘟病毒（ＣＳＦＶ）５′端非编码区休守序列设计一对ＰＣＲ引物,建立了检测ＣＳＦＶ的反转录－聚合酶链（ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ）技术,应用该技术从猪瘟免兔化毒感染兔的脾淋巴结,肾与肌肉等以及石门株强毒感染猪的脾与肌肉和湖北分离毒株感染猪组织匀浆液中均特异扩增出１条预期大小为１９４ｂｐ的片段,从实验感染兔和猪的血液中也特异扩增出了该片段,但对牛病毒性腹泻病毒（ＢＶＤＶ）和健康兔脾总ＲＮＡ以及健康猪的血液ＲＮＡ     

应用聚合酶链反应检测伪狂犬病病毒DNA

选用标准的伪狂犬病病毒（ＰＲＶ）闽Ａ株，经ＢＨＫ２１细胞培养，提取ＰＲＶＤＮＡ作为摸板；合成１对２０－ｍｅｒ寡核苷酸作为引物；选择扩增序列由２６２个碱基对组成的位于编码多糖蛋白ｇｐ５０基因，用耐热的Ｔａｑ－ＤＮＡ聚合酶经３０个循环以后，扩增的产物直接用凝胶电泳检测，并用标准分子量确定。结果表明：以ＰＲＶＤＮＡ作为模板进行扩增，有扩增产物生成，以同科的疱疹病毒ＤＮＡ作为模板在相同的条件下进行ＰＣＲ扩增，无扩增产物生成，说明ＰＲＶＰＣＲ扩增是特异的。ＰＣＲ技术检测ＰＲＶＤＮＡ敏感度为２８．５ｐｇ．ＰＲＶＰＣＲ技术的建立，为伪狂犬病诊断和流行病学研究提供了更敏感、可靠的手段。     

一日龄雏鸡感染鸡盆血病病毒及鸡呼肠病毒的协同作用

１日龄ＳＰＦ来航鸡经口双重感染鸡贫血病病毒（ＣＡＶ）Ｃｕｘ－１株及鸡呼肠病毒（ＲＥＯＶ）Ｓ１１３３或Ｕｃｈｉｄａ株。于接种后第１４天，检查血细胞压积（ＰＣＶ）、称体重、观察骨髓、胸腺及法氏囊病变。结果，双重感染ＣＡＶ及Ｓ１１３３株ＲＥＯＶ的雏鸡与感染其中之一病毒的雏鸡相比，其体重增重少，病变重，而且比仅感染ＣＡＶ的雏鸡在平均ＰＣＶ上也明显低。双重感染ＣＡＶ及Ｕｃｈｉｄａ株ＲＥＯＶ的雏鸡，不加重发病     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

Evaluation of serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism and results of radiography as indicators of severity of osteochondrosis in foals

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis.