人参糖果中人参总皂苷含量的测定

目的 建立市售人参糖果中人参总皂苷含量的测定方法.方法 采用比色法测定,检测波长为540nm.结果 比色法测定在20～240μg（r=0.9992）范围内线性关系良好,平均回收率为95.74％,RSD=2.29％ （n=5）.所测3个批次市售人参糖果中人参总皂苷含量相近,总皂苷含量分别为0.195％,0.159％和0.141％.结论 该方法操作简便,稳定性和重现性好,可用于市售人参糖果中人参总皂苷含量的测定.     

黑参中7种人参皂苷含量测定

目的采用高效液相（HPLC）法测定黑参中7种人参皂苷Rf、Rg2、Rh1、Rc、Rb2、Rb3、Rd的含最,并建立同时测定7种人参皂苷含量的方法。方法采用Agilent EclipseXDB-C18（4．6minx250mm,5μm）色谱柱,以乙腈一水溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速为1．0mL.rain-1.检测波长203nm,以外标法进行定量。结果7种人参皂苷Rf、Rg2、Rh、Rc、Rb2、Rb3、Rd含量分别为0．06％、0．05％、0．03％、0．02％、0A0％、0．08％、0．23％。结论首次同时对黑参中的人参皂苷进行了含量测定,可作为参类药材同时测定7种人参皂苷含量的方法。     

人参药性菌质的提取工艺研究

目的 优选人参药性菌质中总皂苷的最佳提取工艺条件.方法 通过单因素考察、正交试验考察,确定最佳工艺条件.以总皂苷含量为指标,采用紫外可见分光光度法测定.结果 人参药性菌质最佳提取条件为加7倍量50％乙醇,回流提取2次,每次1.5小时.结论 优选出的提取工艺简单,效率高,成本较低,可适用于大生产.     

HPLC测定生脉葡萄糖注射液中人参皂苷Rg1、Re的含量

目的测定生脉葡萄糖注射液中人参皂苷Rg1、Re的含量。方法高效液相色谱法。色谱柱Hypersil C18（4．6mm×250mm,5m）,流动相为乙睛-0．05％磷酸（20：80）,检测波长203nm,体积流量1．0mL／min,柱温40℃。结果人参皂苷Rg1在0．5-4．5 ？g范围内呈良好线性（r=0．9999,n=5）,平均回收率为（96．2％）;人参皂苷Re在0．5-4．5？g范围内呈良好线性（r=0．9999,n=5）,平均回收率为（98．9％）。结论本方法简便、准确、可靠,可用于生脉葡萄糖注射液人参皂苷Rg1、Re的含量测定。     

薄层扫描法测定薏苡仁人参中人参皂苷Re的含量

采用薄层扫描法测定人参皂苷Re含量,测定波长λs=530nm,参比波长λR=650nm.展开剂为（正丁醇∶乙酸乙酯∶水=4∶1∶5）放置后的下层液,显色剂为10％的硫酸乙醇溶液,参考了有关文献[1,2].经测量,人参经过薏苡仁为辅料的加工炮制后的人参皂苷Re含量为0.76mg/g.     

人参抗栓注射液工艺研究

目的研究人参抗栓注射液的提取工艺;方法采用正交试验进行优选,紫外分光光度法测定人参总皂苷含量;结果乙醇用量、乙醇浓度对人参皂苷的提取有显著影响;结论最佳工艺为加8倍量70%乙醇提取3次,每次1.5小时。     

用RP-HPLC法测定人参茎叶皂苷粉中人参皂苷Re含量

过去对人参茎叶皂苷含量的测定只限于总皂苷的含量测定 ,对单体皂苷含量测定较少。本文用反相HPLC法测定了人参茎叶皂苷粉中人参皂苷Re的含量。色谱柱为Shim -packclc-ODS柱 (0 1 5m× 6 0mm ,,5μm)。流动相为 0 0 5 %磷酸 :乙腈 (4∶1 ) ,检测波长 2 0 3nm ,流速 1 2ml/min ,柱温 38℃。测得人参茎叶皂苷粉中人参皂苷Re含量为1 6 85 %。     

长芦人参、西洋参中总皂苷及单体皂苷Re,Rg_1,Rb_1的含量测定

目的通过测定比较普通人参、西洋参和长芦人参、西洋参的总皂苷及单体皂苷Re、Rg1、Rb1的含量,以阐明长芦人参、西洋参主要成分含量的品质特点。方法采用比色法测定总皂苷含量;采用高效液相色谱法测定人参单体皂苷Re、Rg1、Rb1的含量。结果比色法测定的线性范围为15.0~75.0μg,相关系数r=0.9929;平均回收率为100.09%,RSD为0.86%(n=6)。单体皂苷Re、Rg1、Rb1与生长年份成正相关。结论长芦人参、西洋参的总皂苷含量高于普通人参、西洋参,单体皂苷含量随着年份的增长而增加。     

环翠楼高丽红参与韩国产高丽红参中人参皂苷含量的比较分析

目的测定环翠楼高丽红参与韩国产高丽红参中人参皂苷的含量。方法采用HPLC色谱法和比色法。结果人参皂苷的含量分别为环翠楼高丽红参:人参皂苷-Rg3含量为0.039 6 mg/g,人参皂苷-Rh2含量为0.021 6 mg/g,总皂苷含量为3.02%(g/g);韩国产高丽红参:人参皂苷-Rg3含量为0.038 9 mg/g,人参皂苷-Rh2含量为0.020 8 mg/g,总皂苷含量为2.98%(g/g)。结论环翠楼高丽红参与韩国产高丽红参中人参皂苷-Rg3、人参皂苷Rh2和总皂苷含量相近;该方法分离效果好、准确、快速、样品制备简单。     

人参挥发油成分的GC-MS分析

目的用索氏提取法乙醚提取人参挥发油化学成分的GC-MS分析,确定化学成分的种类及相对含量。方法采用乙醚为溶剂用索氏提取法提取人参中的挥发油(即人参的脂溶性成分),用面积归一化法测定各组分的体积分数,并采取气质联用(GC-MS)对挥发油进行鉴定及含量测定。结果鉴定了71个化合物,主要为脂肪酸和酯、挥发油。结论乙醚提取人参,得到的化合物经知网、万方数据库查询,在人参挥发油中未见报道的有23种。     

HPLC测定益血糖浆中人参皂苷Rb1、Rg1、Re的含量

目的测定益血糖浆中人参皂苷Rb1、Rg1、Re的含量。方法高效液相色谱法。色谱柱Agilent TC-C18(4.6mm×250mm,5μm),流动相采用梯度洗脱,A为乙睛,B为0.05%磷酸水溶液,0～50min(20:80);50～60min(20→29:80→71);60～110min(29:71),检测波长203nm,体积流量1.0mL/min,柱温40℃。结果人参皂苷Rb1在1.0~5.0μg范围内呈良好线性(r=0.9999,n=5),平均回收率为(99.08%);人参皂苷Rg1在0.7~3.5μg范围内呈良好线性(r=0.9999,n=5),平均回收率为(99.63%);人参皂苷Re在0.6~3.0μg范围内呈良好线性(r=0.9999,n=5),平均回收率为(100.7%)。结论本方法简便、准确、可靠,可用于益血糖浆中人参皂苷Rb1、Rg1、Re的含量测定。     

高效液相色谱法测定香蕉防霜剂中三氯卡班的含量

采用高效液相色谱法,色谱条件为：Symmetry十八烷基键合硅胶柱,流动相：乙腈∶水=7∶3（V∶V）,检测波长：265 nm,流速：1 mL.min-1。建立了测定香蕉防霜剂中三氯卡班含量的方法,线性方程为：Y=5.02×10-4X＋1.27×10-3（Y为三氯卡班含量,X为色谱峰面积,R=0.9997）,线性范围为0.8-15 mg.L-1,检测限0.2 mg.L-1,方法回收率为99.08%-99.32%（RSD=1.08%-2.03%,n=5）。可用于香蕉防霜剂和相关产品中三氯卡班定量测定。     

RP—HPLC法测定泽兰中木犀草素-7-0-β-D-葡萄糖苷的含量

目的建立反相高效液相色潜法测定泽兰中木犀草素-7-0-β-D-葡萄糖苷的含量。方法采用AlltimaTM—C18（250minx4．6mm,51．Lm）;以乙腈-0．2％磷酸水溶=20：80进行等度洗脱,流速为1．0ml／min,检测波长为350mm,柱温为35℃。结果木犀草素-7-0-β-D-葡萄糖苷的线性范围为0．412-10．30μg（r=0．9999）,平均回收率为100．25％。结论该方法结果准确、简便可行、重复性好,可为泽兰的质量控制提供依据。     

Clubroot resistance introgression in interspecific hybrids between Raphanus sativus and Brassica napus

Clubroot is a prevailing soil-borne disease affecting rapeseed production worldwide.However,few clubroot resistant rapeseed accessions were available for breeding.Identification and introgression of new clubroot resistant genes from closely related species by distant hybridization is an effective strategy.In the present study,9 radish(Raphanus sativus L.,2n=18,RR)lines resistant to Plasmodiophora brassicae pathotype 4 were used as donors to transfer clubroot resistance into a susceptible rapeseed(Brassica napus L.,2n=38,AACC)line by distant hybridization combined with embryo rescue.Nine intergeneric crosses were made but only 1(411×93039)produced F1 plants both from embryo rescue and natural seed-setting.Authenticity of triploid F1 hybrids(2n=28,ACR)were verified by flower color,cytological observation and molecular marker analysis,and 2 genuine F1 hybrids were identified.After chromosome doubling,these synthetic allohexaploid plants(2n=56,AACCRR)became partially fertile(pollen viability rate=35%)and were backcrossed with rapeseed parent to generate a BC1 population(2n=47,AACCR).Totally 178 BC1 plants were obtained,of which the majority(96.1%)were resistant to clubroot.These backcrossing progenies could be used for the breeding of new rapeseed varieties resistant to clubroot.     

Identification of a major quantitative trait locus and its candidate underlying genetic variation for rice stigma exsertion rate

Stigma exsertion in male sterile lines of hybrid rice is important for seed yield.In the present study, ZS616 [Oryza sativa subsp.Xian(indica)], a male sterile line with a stigma exsertion rate(SER) as high as 94.5%, was crossed to DS552, a japonica line with almost no exserted stigmas.F3 plants with extremely low and high SER were sequenced to identify SER-associated quantitative trait loci(QTL).A major QTL for SER, qSER-3.1, was identified along with other QTL on chromosome 3 in a 3.9 Mb region.A total of 307 nonsynonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) and 27 frame-shift insertion/deletions(InDels)differentiating ZS616 and DS552 were identified in the region containing qSER-3.1.Most SNPs(294) and InDels(25) were excluded after further analysis because they were shared by ZS616 and low(<2.0%) SER accessions in the Huazhong Agricultural University(HAU) core rice collection.Association analysis using the full HAU collection identified a 17-bp InDel in OS03 G0689400 as the most likely causal genetic variant underlying qSER-3.1.ZS616-type accessions(n = 54, with the 17-bp insertion) in the HAU collection had minimum(16.5%)and mean(39.6%) SERs significantly greater than those(n = 424) without the insertion(with minimum and mean SERs of 0.2% and 20.6%, respectively).Thus, this study identified a major QTL for stigma exsertion and revealed the mutation in a candidate gene for the QTL.     

HPLC法测定喘舒口服液中盐酸麻黄碱的含量

目的建立HPLC法测定喘舒口服液中盐酸麻黄碱的含量。方法色谱柱HypersilC18（4．6mm×250m，5μm），乙腈-0．1％磷酸溶液（含0．1％三乙胺）（5：95）为流动相，流速为1．0ml·min^-1，检测波长为210nm，柱温为30℃。结果实验表明盐酸麻黄碱的含量在9．576—38．304μg．mL。范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系（r=0．9990），平均回收率为98．02％，RSD=0．59％（n=6）。结论该方法简便快速，重现性好，可用于喘舒口服液的质量控制。     

不同采收期、不同海拔朝鲜淫羊藿茎中总黄酮含量测定

目的测定不同采收期、不同海拔朝鲜淫羊藿茎中总黄酮含量。方法应用紫外分光光度法，以淫羊藿苷为标准品，在270nm下测定吸光度，计算朝鲜淫羊藿茎中的总黄酮的含量。结果在0．06mg～0．42mg范围内，淫羊藿苷质量（mg）与吸光度A值线性关系良好，平均回收率为101．60％，RSD=2．47％，r=0．9991。不同采收期朝鲜淫羊藿茎：6月16日（3．325％），7月13日（3．738％），8月1日（2．958％），8月17日（2．684％），9月2日（5．526％），9月16日（2．090％），10月2日（3．922％）；不同海拔的朝鲜淫羊藿，海拔629米（3．509％），海拔805米（2．319％），海拔925米（2．777％）。结论随着采收期的不同茎中总黄酮的含量有所变化。本方法简便可靠、快速、重现性好，适用于朝鲜淫羊藿中总黄酮的含量测定，为进一步研究朝鲜淫羊藿质量评价提供了参考数据。     

Deep neural network algorithm for estimating maize biomass based on simulated Sentinel 2A vegetation indices and leaf area index

Accurate estimation of biomass is necessary for evaluating crop growth and predicting crop yield.Biomass is also a key trait in increasing grain yield by crop breeding.The aims of this study were(i)to identify the best vegetation indices for estimating maize biomass,(ii)to investigate the relationship between biomass and leaf area index(LAI)at several growth stages,and(iii)to evaluate a biomass model using measured vegetation indices or simulated vegetation indices of Sentinel 2A and LAI using a deep neural network(DNN)algorithm.The results showed that biomass was associated with all vegetation indices.The three-band water index(TBWI)was the best vegetation index for estimating biomass and the corresponding R2,RMSE,and RRMSE were 0.76,2.84 t ha−1,and 38.22%respectively.LAI was highly correlated with biomass(R2=0.89,RMSE=2.27 t ha−1,and RRMSE=30.55%).Estimated biomass based on 15 hyperspectral vegetation indices was in a high agreement with measured biomass using the DNN algorithm(R2=0.83,RMSE=1.96 t ha−1,and RRMSE=26.43%).Biomass estimation accuracy was further increased when LAI was combined with the 15 vegetation indices(R2=0.91,RMSE=1.49 t ha−1,and RRMSE=20.05%).Relationships between the hyperspectral vegetation indices and biomass differed from relationships between simulated Sentinel 2A vegetation indices and biomass.Biomass estimation from the hyperspectral vegetation indices was more accurate than that from the simulated Sentinel 2A vegetation indices(R2=0.87,RMSE=1.84 t ha−1,and RRMSE=24.76%).The DNN algorithm was effective in improving the estimation accuracy of biomass.It provides a guideline for estimating biomass of maize using remote sensing technology and the DNN algorithm in this region.