A case of canine cutaneous listeriosis

The aetiology of dermatitis in dogs is often complex, and primary or secondary bacterial infections are common. In this report we describe a case where Listeria monocytogenes was proposed to be the bacteriological cause of a pyoderma in a 4-year-old Giant Schnauzer. The infection manifested as a cutaneous listeriosis with multiple pustulae on the dog's back. The dog was treated with clindamycin and recovered within 1 week. The source of infection was suggested to be a carcass or the faeces of a wild animal, or a decomposed placenta from an infected animal.     

河北省某猪场李氏杆菌病的诊疗与体会

河北省某猪场猪群发生李氏杆菌病,在诊疗过程中,采集病死猪的肝、脾等病理变化比较典型的病料,进行病原菌的分离培养与纯化,并对其进行鉴定。药敏试验表明,病原菌对庆大霉素和恩诺沙星极为敏感。     

Association of macrophage and lymphocyte infiltration with outcome in canine osteosarcoma

Immunotherapeutic strategies have shown promise for the treatment of canine osteosarcoma (cOSA). Very little is known about the immune microenvironment within cOSA, however, limiting our ability to identify potential immune targets and biomarkers of therapeutic response. We therefore prospectively assessed the disease‐free interval (DFI) and overall survival time (ST) of 30 dogs with cOSA treated with amputation and six doses of adjuvant carboplatin. We then quantified lymphocytic (CD3+, FOXP3+) and macrophage (CD204+) infiltrates within the primary tumours of this cohort using immunohistochemistry, and evaluated their association with outcome. Overall, the median DFI and ST were 392 and 455 days, respectively. The median number of CD3+ and FOXP3+ infiltrates were 45.8 cells/mm² (4.6‐607.6 cells/mm²) and 8.5 mm² (0‐163.1 cells/mm²), respectively. The median area of CD204+ macrophages was 4.7% (1.3%‐23.3%), and dogs with tumours containing greater than 4.7% CD204+ macrophages experienced a significantly longer DFI (P = 0.016). Interestingly, a significantly lower percentage of CD204+ macrophages was detected in cOSA arising from the proximal humerus compared to other appendicular bone locations (P = 0.016). Lymphocytic infiltrates did not appear to correlate with outcome in cOSA. Overall, our findings suggest that macrophages may play a role in inhibiting cOSA progression, as has been suggested in human osteosarcoma.     

Metastatic immune infiltrates correlate with those of the primary tumour in canine osteosarcoma

Our lack of understanding of the immune microenvironment in canine osteosarcoma (cOSA) has limited the identification of potential immunotherapeutic targets. In particular, our ability to utilize readily available tissue from a dog's primary tumour to predict the type and extent of immune response in their pulmonary metastatic lesions is unknown. We, therefore, collected 21 matched pairs of primary tumours and pulmonary metastatic lesions from dogs with OSA and performed immunohistochemistry to quantify T‐lymphocyte (CD3), FOXP3+ cell, B‐lymphocyte (Pax‐5), and CD204+ macrophage infiltration. We found that T‐lymphocytes and FOXP3+ infiltrates in primary tumours positively correlated with that of metastatic lesions (ρ = 0.512, P = 0.038 and ρ = 0.698, P = 0.007, respectively), while a strong trend existed for CD204+ infiltrates (ρ = 0.404, P = 0.087). We also observed T‐ and B‐lymphocytes, and CD204+ macrophages to be significantly higher in a dog's pulmonary metastasis compared to their primary tumour (P = 0.018, P = 0.018, P = 0.016, respectively), while FOXP3+ cells were only significantly higher in metastases when all primary tumour and metastasis lesions were compared without pairing (P = 0.036). Together, these findings suggest that the metastatic immune microenvironment may be influenced by that of the primary cOSA, and that primary tumour immune biomarkers could potentially be applied to predict immunotherapeutic responses in gross metastatic disease. We, therefore, provide a rationale for the treatment of cOSA pulmonary metastases with immunotherapeutics that enhance the anti‐tumour activity of these immune cells, particularly in dogs with moderate to high immune cell infiltration in their primary tumours.     

食品中产单核细胞李斯特菌PCR检测方法的建立

根据产单核细胞李斯特菌hlyA基因设计引物,进行PCR扩增,检测该方法的特异性和灵敏度。人工污染样品经Half-fraser和Fraser增菌后进行PCR检测。结果表明,产单核细胞李斯特菌扩增出234bp的条带,对照菌未扩增出目的条带。该方法的灵敏度为104cfu/mL。人工污染样品的检出限为8cfu/25g,说明PCR方法检测食品中产单核细胞李斯特菌具有快速、特异、敏感等特点,具有较高的实用价值。     

单核细胞增生症李斯特菌的分子亚分型法及其应用

细菌亚分型方法的建立不仅能检测人群李斯特菌病的暴发流行 ,还能追踪食物链中单核细胞增生症李斯特菌 (L M)的污染情况。亚分型法对更好的了解 LM的群体遗传学、流行病学及生态学有重要意义。过去的 5年内 ,在建立对 LM敏感、快速、自动化、简便易用的分子亚分型方面起得了重大的进展。文章对 L M不同的亚分型方法及其应用作了概述     

产单核细胞李斯特菌毒力因子及免疫预防研究进展

产单核细胞李斯特茵在病原学上已被公认为一种人兽共患病和食源性疾病的致病菌,在各国已引起食品加工部门、公共卫生部门的高度重视和研究者的兴趣.文章就该菌的毒力因子及免疫预防研究做一简述.     

李氏杆菌溶血素基因的表达及活性分析

根据LMO溶血素基因hlyA设计引物,PCR扩增hlyA,将扩增产物与pMD18-T连接,重组质粒经酶切鉴定、PCR分析以及确证性测序。将由重组质粒pMD18-hlyA上扩增的缺失信号肽序列的目的片段与表达载体DGEX-4T-1分别酶切连接后,转化BL21细胞。筛选阳性克隆,用IPTG诱导表达,SDS-PAGE和Western blot分析,纯化重组融合蛋白进行溶血试验、小鼠致病力试验和间接ELISA分析。结果表明hlyA基因在大肠杆菌中成功表达分子量82Ku的融合蛋白,能裂解红细胞,且能被LMO阳性血清所识别。一定剂量腹腔注射能将小鼠致死。以此为包被抗原的间接ELISA可以将LMO阴、阳性血清分开。这表明GST-LLO融合蛋白具有良好的生物活性,可用于李氏杆菌病的间接ELISA诊断。     

新疆不同来源单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌血清型的多重PCR鉴定

为鉴定分离自新疆北疆绵羊单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌,本研究采用多重PCR方法,鉴定来自病发地区部分羊场的发病绵羊、健康绵羊、羊舍环境和乌鸦粪分离的30株李斯特氏菌分离株的8株单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌分离株血清型。结果为4株发病绵羊株有3株鉴定为单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌,血清型为1/2a或4b,1株为非单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌;5株健康绵羊株血清型为1/2a;其余来自羊舍水源的3株、乌鸦粪的2株及健康绵羊16株为非单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌,表明来自发病绵羊、健康绵羊及参考菌株LM血清型之间具有相关性。     

Listeriosis in sheep. Isolation of Listeria monocytogenes from grass silage.

Two hundred and ninety-one grass silage samples from 113 farms with recent outbreaks of listeriosis were examined for the presence of Listeria monocytogenes (Lm). The frequency of Lm isolations increased with increasing pH. Lm was isolated from 22 % of the samples with pH < 4, from 37 % with pH 4–5 and from 56 % with pH > 5. Formic acid had been used as additive.A similar investigation was carried out on 32 samples from a farm with no outbreak of listeriosis during the investigation period. Lm was isolated from 9 samples.     

1株跨种裂解李氏杆菌噬菌体的分离鉴定

本研究旨在获得天然李氏杆菌噬菌体,提供防治李氏杆菌病新型生物制剂,减少抗微生物药物的使用,抑制病原菌耐药性的产生。利用产单核细胞李氏杆菌作为宿主菌对屠宰场污水进行双层琼脂平板法筛选,获得噬菌体,并对其进行透射电镜观察、生长特性检测(温度、pH、一步生长曲线、最佳感染复数、有机溶剂影响)、基因组酶切鉴定和全基因组测序分析。分离出的产单核细胞李氏杆菌噬菌体中,选取1株裂解性强,遗传稳定的噬菌体进行后续试验,并命名为LP8;经电镜观察为肌尾科噬菌体,可以跨种裂解18株产单核细胞李氏杆菌和5株威尔斯李氏杆菌,确定LP8的最佳感染复数为1、最适生长温度为45 ℃、最适pH为7;在6种有机溶剂中,仅异戊醇可导致LP8活性丧失;对提取的基因组进行酶切鉴定,确定为双链DNA;LP8全基因组测序结果表明,基因组大小为87 038 bp、含有120个编码基因、编码基因的累计长度为76 326 bp、编码基因的平均长度为636 bp、编码区域长度占基因组的比例为87.69%。本试验分离出产单核细胞李氏杆菌噬菌体,并对其噬菌能力和应用价值进行鉴定。分离出的LP8噬菌体相较于李氏杆菌的噬菌体,细菌裂解能力更强,适应环境范围更广。本研究为实验室后续建立产单核细胞李氏杆菌噬菌体库和产单核细胞李氏杆菌噬菌体的其他应用提供了良好的基础。     

单核细胞增生性李斯特菌的主要毒力因子及其致病机理

单核细胞增生性李斯特菌(Listeria monocytogenes,LM)是重要的食源性人兽共患病原菌,LM的致病性与毒力因子密切相关,研究其毒力因子对于充分了解李斯特菌病的致病机制及有效防制该病有重要意义。作者对LM的毒力因子(如李斯特溶血素、肌动蛋白聚合蛋白、C型磷脂酶、内化素、细胞壁水解酶、酰胺酶及毒力调节因子如转录活化因子和应答调控因子等)和致病机理进行了综述。     

产单核细胞李斯特菌的PFGE分子分型分析

对50株不同来源的产单核细胞李斯特菌（Lm）进行PFGE分型,比较食源、环境、人源菌株之间的相似性。结果显示,同一市场内,环境污水分离株和新鲜食品分离株表现出较高同源性,新鲜食品分离株与即食性（RTE）食品分离株相似性很高,临床脑膜炎病人的1株Lm与RTE食品分离株在进化上显示出了很近的亲缘关系。50株Lm的分子分型分析提示了菌株从市场环境污水-新鲜食品-RTE食品-人的传播模式,为食源性疾病溯源追踪提供了新的思路。     

单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌依赖解旋酶DNA恒温扩增检测方法的建立

为建立单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌(Lm)的依赖解旋酶DNA恒温扩增(HDA)检测方法,本研究以Lm的iap基因为目的片段设计特异性引物,建立了可在65℃恒温扩增快速(90 min)检测Lm的HDA检测方法,分别对反应体系中的MgAc2、Bst聚合酶、UvrD解旋酶、dNTPs以及引物等的浓度进行优化,进行了特异性和灵敏度试验,并与普通PCR方法进行了比较。结果表明,所建立起的检测法最低检测限为7.8×103 cfu/mL,灵敏度与普通PCR方法相当。Lm的HDA检测方法具有普通PCR的特异、灵敏等特点,并且对仪器要求更低,具有良好的应用前景。     

单增李斯特菌lmo2193基因克隆与原核表达

为了对单增李斯特菌新疆绵羊脑炎临床分离株LM90SB2的lmo2193基因进行克隆及其原核表达,采用PCR方法扩增lmo2193基因,连接pMD19-T载体进行克隆,筛选阳性菌进行测序比对。将目的基因克隆至原核表达质粒p ET32a中,构建重组质粒pET32a-2193,并转化大肠杆菌感受态细胞,经诱导表达后,利用SDS-PAGE和Western blot鉴定重组蛋白。结果显示:扩增得到的lmo2193基因序列长度为1 077 bp,与预期一致;该基因在大肠杆菌中大量表达,经SDS-PAGE检测和Western blot鉴定分析表明该产物为1个60 ku左右的融合重组蛋白。本研究成功克隆lmo2193基因,并获得大量表达,为进一步研究lmo2193基因功能奠定基础。     

单增李斯特菌ActA的表达、免疫原性研究及单克隆抗体的制备

原核表达单增李斯特菌(Lm)ActA蛋白并进行亲合层析纯化,检测ActA的免疫原性,以表达蛋白为检测抗原制备Lm单克隆抗体,并对单抗的亚型、效价、亲合力及特异性进行测定。结果表明,成功表达了ActA蛋白;表达蛋白诱导了特异性的细胞免疫和体液免疫,具有良好的免疫原性;共获得4株抗Lm ActA单克隆抗体。其中3G6、4E10和2B9为IgG1亚类;腹水抗体效价,3G6和4E10为1∶64000,2B9为1∶32000;3G6、4E10和2B9的亲和常数分别为6.62×107M-1、5.67×107M-1和7.15×106M-1;3G6、2B4和4E10为Lm特异性单抗,2B9为致病性李斯特菌特异性单抗。所制备的单抗可用于Lm检测方法的建立。     

Listeria Monocytogenes Excretion and Humoral Immunity in Goats in a Herd with Outbreaks of Listeriosis and in a Healthy Herd

In a herd of 65 goats with outbreaks of listeriosis (Herd A) blood, faeces and milk were collected just after the outbreaks, about 1 month later and at delivery about 4 months thereafter. Faeces and milk were examined bacteriologically and blood and milk serologically for Listeria monocytogenes (Lm), and the results were compared with those of 2 similar samplings in a healthy herd (Herd B).In Herd A Lm was isolated from faeces in 5 of 14 septicaemic does and in 6 of 48 other animals on the first sampling, and in 4 and 1 animals respectively, on the subsequent 2 samplings. In milk Lm was demonstrated just after the outbreaks only, viz. in 3 of 12 septicaemic does and in 16 of the other 32 examined. Four does excreted Lm in both faeces and milk on this date. In Herd B Lm was demonstrated only at delivery, i.e. from 10 of 43 animals. Most of the isolates belonged to serotype 1.Reciprocal geometrical mean titres (GMT) of antibodies in sera from the septicaemic group decreased from 236 to 140 and 136 respectively on the subsequent samplings, whereas GMT of the encephalitic animals and of the remainder of Herd A increased from about 20 to about 100 at delivery. GMT of Herd B increased toward delivery from 23 to 39, with largest increase for the does. GMT in whey were ≤ 18 for all groups.     

应用环介导等温扩增技术快速检测单核细胞增生李斯特菌的研究

目的建立环介导等温扩增技术快速检测单核细胞增生李斯特菌。方法根据单核细胞增生李斯特菌(LM)hlyA基因序列中的保守区域,采用在线引物设计软件Primer Explorer4.0进行设计,获得一套特异性的环介导等温扩增(LAMP)引物,对单核细胞增生李斯特菌hlyA基因进行LAMP扩增,并与常规PCR方法进行比较。结果建立的LAMP方法能成功扩增出梯形条带,LAMP检测单核细胞增生李斯特菌纯培养物和人工染菌的灵敏度为5.44×102cfu/mL,而对照PCR检测的灵敏度为5.44×104cfu/mL。对10株细菌进行LAMP扩增,仅单核细胞增生李斯特菌得到阳性结果。从DNA提取到报告结果,耗时仅1h。结论 LAMP检测单核细胞增生李斯特菌灵敏度高,特异性强,耗时短,方法简便,有望发展成为快速检测食品中单核细胞增生李斯特菌的有效手段。     

单增李斯特氏菌溶血素基因的克隆及原核表达

参考GenBank收录的单增李斯特菌Hly基因序列,设计1对引物,采用PCR技术扩增出单增李斯特氏菌的溶血素基因Hly(不含有信号肽部分),得到一条1590bp的条带。将其连入pMD18-T载体,经酶切、PCR鉴定和序列测定法进行鉴定。测序正确后,将该基因插入到pET-28a中构建原核表达载体pET-28a-sHly,将重组质粒转化到大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),经IPTG诱导,将诱导产物用SDS-PAGE和Western-blot鉴定。结果显示,Hly基因可以在大肠杆菌中获得表达,表达产物分子质量约为65kU,与预期蛋白质分子质量大小一致。经Western-blotting鉴定可知,诱导表达产物以可溶形式存在,可被兔抗LM阳性血清特异识别,具有较好的抗原活性,为进一步研制基于溶解素蛋白的诊断抗原和特异性单克隆抗体,开展LM的致病与免疫机理研究奠定基础。