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1.
本研究探讨饲料中添加地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis)对大泷六线鱼(Hexagrammos otakii)生长、肠道消化酶、血清非特异性免疫及抗病力的影响。选取平均体重为(22.0±2.0) g的大泷六线鱼270尾,随机分成3组(对照组和2个不同菌剂水平的实验组),每组3个平行,每个平行 30尾鱼。对照组投喂仅有蛋白液包裹的基础饲料,实验组投喂含活菌量达5×107 CFU/g(0.5%)和1×108 CFU/g(1.0%)地衣芽孢杆菌的实验饲料。投喂50 d后进行致病菌杀鲑气单胞菌(Aeromonas salraonicida)攻毒感染,测定14 d内累积死亡率。结果显示,实验组饲料中地衣芽孢杆菌可显著提高大泷六线鱼的特定生长率(SGR) (P<0.05)。与对照组比较,0.5%和1.0%地衣芽孢杆菌均可提高大泷六线鱼血清中SOD、CAT及T-AOC活性(P<0.05),降低MDA含量(P<0.05);GSH-Px活性在1.0%实验组较对照组下降,而0.5%实验组较对照组提高。地衣芽孢杆菌实验组鱼血清GS、MDH和HK活性均得到提高(P<0.05),0.5%和1.0%不同剂量组的提高程度不同。地衣芽孢杆菌实验组鱼血清中AST和ALT活性较对照组均降低(P<0.05),CHE和ADA活性较对照组有提高(P<0.05)。实验组鱼肠道胰蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶活性均有不同程度的提高,且1.0%实验组活性最强(P<0.05)。攻毒实验结果显示,1.0%地衣芽孢杆菌组大泷六线鱼14 d内累积死亡率仅有35.55% (P<0.05)。由此可见,饲料中添加地衣芽孢杆菌可促进大泷六线鱼生长,提高其肠道消化酶活性及非特异性免疫酶活性,增强其对杀鲑气单胞菌的抵抗能力。  相似文献   

2.
地衣芽孢杆菌De在优质草鱼养殖中的应用研究   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
运用综合对比分析法探讨了地衣芽孢杆菌Bacillus licheniformis De在优质草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)养殖中的应用效果,其评价指标分别为成活率、水体pH、透明度、溶解氧及水中氨氮、硝酸盐浓度等。结果表明,施用地衣芽孢杆菌De可在一定程度上使水体环境和养殖生产性能得到优化,提高养殖草鱼的成活率,显著降低水体透明度及水中氨氮、硝酸盐含量(P〈0.05),使水体pH、溶解氧有利于草鱼的生长。其中施菌组较对照组的成活率、水体pH、溶解氧分别提高了3.2%、3.9%、25.5%,而水体透明度、氨氮及亚硝氮浓度则分别降低了38.5%、74.6%、69.3%。  相似文献   

3.
    
This study examined the effects of Bacillus licheniformis strain CIGBC‐232, isolated from the gut of shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei and having antagonistic activity against Vibrio harveyi, on the immunity and larval quality of L. vannamei at various ontogenetic stages, in two separate experiments: (1) PL2 to PL17 exposed to the strain CIGBC‐232 under laboratory conditions (2) zoea I to PL8 exposed to the strain CIGBC‐232 and EPICIN 3W probiotics under farming conditions. The first experiment showed that phenoloxidase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities were improved in animals grown with CIGBC‐232 compared to the untreated control. In tests, the resistance to osmotic stress was also enhanced. During the second experiment, animals treated with CIGBC‐232 exhibited significant (< 0.05) increases in phenoloxidase activity (30–40% higher in zoea I–II, mysis II–III and PL 2–7) and in the respiratory burst (30% higher from PL 2 to 7) as compared to those animals that received EPICIN 3W. There was no significant difference in the lectins and agglutinins (except in PL1, 6 and 7), in peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities, in the resistance to osmotic stress, nor in the survival rate among treatments. CIGBC‐232 treatment was able to reduce, the level of presumptive Vibrio spp. with respect to EPICIN 3W treatment in the tank water as well as in animals. At the end of both experiments, the growth of shrimp, i.e. weight and length was increased by CIGBC‐232 treatment. This study showed the probiotic effect of CIGBC‐232, which appeared to have a better probiotic performance than EPICIN 3W treatment.  相似文献   

4.
    
The present study assessed the effect of common hop (Humulus lupulus L.) extract on common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Fish (initial weight of 32.22 ± 0.65 g) were divided into three groups and fed diets containing 0 (control), 0.75 g (H0.75), and 1.5 g (H1.5) of common hop extract per kg of isonitrogenous, isolipidic, and isoenergetic commercial diet for 8 weeks. No significant differences in growth performance across treatments were observed (p > 0.05). Protein content in whole-body proximate composition increased significantly in H1.5 compared to the control (p < 0.05). The H0.75 showed a significant increase in lipid peroxidation (LPO) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels compared to the control (p < 0.05). While H1.5 had higher acetylcholinesterase (AChE) than group H0.75 (p < 0.05), no significant change was observed in AChE, catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in treated groups compared to the control (p > 0.05). Blood biochemical indices, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were significantly lower in H0.75 and H1.5 than in the control (p < 0.05), while lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) increased significantly in H1.5 compared to the control (p < 0.05). Cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), and the number of white blood cells (WBCs) showed no significant differences across treatments (p > 0.05). H0.75 significantly increased the proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) like α-linolenic acid, docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; p < 0.05), and both H0.75 and H1.5 raised considerably the value of oleic acid and eicosatrienoic acid compared with the control (p < 0.05); in contrast, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) was decreased significantly by H1.5 compared to the control (p < 0.05). Supplementation of the common hop at 0.75 and 1.5 g kg−1 positively affected farmed carp.  相似文献   

5.
三种鲤对暴发性鱼病抗病力的差异   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9       下载免费PDF全文
蔡完其  孙佩芳 《水产学报》1994,18(4):290-296
本文报道三种鲤对嗜水气单胞菌引起暴发性鱼病的抗病力试验结果。当菌液浓度为6.0×10 ̄8CFU/ml,采用10 ̄0、10 ̄(-1)、10 ̄(-2)、10 ̄(-3)四个稀释度、0.3ml/尾注射剂量时,建鲤、野鲤和镜鲤的半数致死量(LD_(50))分别为10 ̄(-1.375)、10 ̄(-0.976)、10 ̄(-0.562)。这三种鲤的半数致死量差异显著(F>F_(0.05))。从四个方面研究了抗病机理:白细胞吞噬功能和补体替代途径(C_3旁路)杀菌能力,镜鲤较强于野鲤和建鲤,但无显著差异(F<F0.05);红细胞C_(3b)受体花环率和补体总量(单位/ml),是建鲤>野鲤>镜鲤,差异极显著(F>F0.01)。本研究结果还表明建鲤的红细胞C_(3b)受体花环率和补体总量稍高,但对暴发性鱼病病原(嗜水气单胞菌)较易感染。以上结果证明,不同品系鲤鱼对暴发性鱼病有种内特异性。  相似文献   

6.
    
This study investigated the effects of different prebiotics, including galactooligosaccharide (GOS), fructooligosaccharide (FOS) and inulin (INL), on skin mucosal immune parameters, humoral immune responses as well as performance of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Two hundred and forty specimens (13.85 ± 0.85 g) were stocked in 12 fibreglass tanks assigned into three treatments and a control group. The experimental diets were formulated to have equal level (2%) of the prebiotics. At the end of the feeding trial, the highest skin mucus lysozyme activities and total immunoglobulin (total Ig) were observed in GOS‐fed group (< 0.05). However, skin mucus protease activity showed no significant difference among different dietary groups (< 0.05). Blood respiratory burst activity was significantly increased in all prebiotic‐fed fish compared to the control group (< 0.05); the highest activity was observed in GOS treatment. Furthermore, evaluation of humoral immune response revealed that feeding with GOS‐supplemented diet significantly increased lysozyme and alternative complement (ACH50) activity as well as total Ig compared to the control and other prebiotic groups. While no significant difference was observed between FOS and INL groups, common carps fed GOS‐supplemented displayed improved (< 0.05) growth performance, including final weight, weight gain, specific growth rate (SGR) and feed conversion ratio (FCR), compared to the control treatment. These results revealed that different prebiotics modulate carp growth and immune response in different manner, and GOS seems to be the most suitable prebiotic.  相似文献   

7.
8.
从渤海海泥样品中分离获得1株新型酯酶菌株,经鉴定为地衣芽孢杆菌Bacillus licheniformis。所得的MP-2酯酶的最适作用温度范围50~70℃,在60℃表现出了最高活性,属于耐热酶;最适作用pH为10,属于碱性酶,其pH值作用范围比较窄;具有良好的热稳定性;金属离子Co2+,Li+对酶具有激活作用,Ca2+对酯酶的活力没有显著影响,化学试剂SDS、EDTA及Tween-20对酯酶的抑制效果显著,对常见有机溶剂具有良好的耐受力;该酯酶对碳链长短不同的底物表现出不同的酶活。  相似文献   

9.
10.
    
This study investigated the effects of Jujube (Ziziphus jujube) fruit extract (JFE) as an excellent source of nutrients and phytochemicals on the innate immune responses and expression of genes involved in intestinal immunity of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fingerlings. Three hundred healthy carps (10.78 ± 0.05 g) fingerlings were randomly allocated to 12 fibre glass tanks (300L; 15 fish per tank) and fed for 8 weeks with experimental diets which contained different levels of JFE (0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, or 1%). Thereafter, serum non‐specific immune parameters [total immunoglobulin (Ig) as well as alternative complement (ACH50) and lysozyme activity (SL)] and expression of genes involved in intestinal immunity (lyz, tnf‐alpha, il1b, il8, il10, and tgfb) were measured. The results revealed a significant elevation of Ig level in the JFE‐fed fish (p < 0.05) over the control fish. However, there was no significant difference among treated groups in case of serum total Ig. The highest levels of SL and ACH50 were observed in fish fed 1% of JFE. Nonetheless, no significant difference was noticed regarding SL and ACH50 of control and other supplemented groups (0.25% and 0.5% JFE). Also, expression of lyz, tnf‐alpha, and il1b genes increased significantly (p < 0.05) in JFE‐fed fish, in a dose‐dependent manner. On the other hand, significant (p < 0.05) down‐regulation of il110 and tgfb were noticed in treated groups. The present findings suggested that extraction of Jujube, Z. jujube fruit, possesses beneficial effects on immune responses of common carp.  相似文献   

11.
本文通过三年试验,测定了黑龙江野鲤的生长、饲养成活率、越冬成活率、抗病力、繁殖力、含肉率、鱼肉成份等主要经济性状。松花江下游野鲤群体生长快于镜泊湖、达赉湖和嫩江的群体。嫩江野鲤(♀)与兴凯湖野鲤(♂)杂交F_1,表现出生长的杂交优势。从鱼苗到性成熟野鲤的饲养成活率明显高于荷包红鲤和德国镜鲤。黑龙江野鲤具有极强的抗寒能力和抗病能力,它的这两个特性可以通过杂交转移给后代。野鲤的繁殖力很高,因此在黑龙江水系中保持较大的群体数量。野鲤的含肉率比其它鲤鱼高:在鱼肉成份中,有较高的蛋白质含量和较低的脂肪,含水量较小,鱼肉品质高。黑龙江野鲤的这些优良经济性状,是鲤鱼遗传改良的重要遗传材料,开发利用后必将产生巨大的经济效益。  相似文献   

12.
    
This study aimed to investigate the role of zinc immersion bath in promoting wound‐healing process in partially scaled common carp using different concentrations of zinc sulphate (ZnSO4). After wound induction, three different doses of ZnSO4 were used (1/20, 1/10 and 1/5 of the calculated LC50) for 10 days. After the end of the experimental period, tissue samples were collected from the area surrounding the wound for analysing the expression of the following genes: collagen type I alpha 1 (COL1α1), transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)‐A, metallothionein (Met) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF)‐7. Moreover, the tissue antioxidant markers including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were also assessed. The extent of the healing process was also assessed by histopathological examination. The results revealed that the use of ZnSO4 at 1/10 of the LC50 caused a significant improvement in tissue reepithelization, angiogenesis and tissue remodelling through overexpression of Col1α1, TGF‐β1, VEGF‐A and FGF‐7. Moreover, a significant improvement in antioxidant markers was also observed with ZnSO4 immersion. In conclusion, this study showed that ZnSO4 immersion at 1/10 of the calculated LC50 improved the healing of the incisional wound in partially scaled common carp via upregulation of the examined growth factor genes and improvement of the antioxidant status of fish.  相似文献   

13.
黑龙江水产研究所鲤育种概要   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
本文主要概述黑龙江水产研究所鲤Cyprinus carpio育种工作历史,介绍杂交选育亲本的来源与生物学特点以及育成品种的选育方法、技术路线和优良性状。通过引入国内外名优鲤,采用常规杂交选育、多性状遗传分析和分子辅助育种等方法,本土化培育出多个适合北方寒冷地区养殖的鲤新品种。采用的亲本包括黑龙江鲤C.C.amurensis、荷包红鲤C.C.var.wuyuanensis、散鳞镜鲤C.C.var.specularis amurensis、德国镜鲤C.C.var.S.germanensis和大头鲤C.pellegrini。育成品种包括荷包红鲤抗寒品系、松浦鲤C.C.'Songpu'、松荷鲤C.C.'Songhe、松浦红镜鲤C.C.'Songpu red mirror'、德国镜鲤选育系F_4、松浦镜鲤C.C.var.S.'Songpu'和易捕鲤。这些品种都具有抗寒、抗逆、易捕和快速生长等特性,适合北方以及全国各地养殖,其中松荷鲤、松浦镜鲤占有很大的市场份额,为我国的渔业发展做出了巨大的贡献。  相似文献   

14.
运用综合对比分析法,对黄鳍鲷(Sparuslatus)养殖中定期泼洒地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus lichenformis)De的应用效果进行了探讨。结果表明,施用地衣芽孢杆菌De可在一定程度上优化水体环境和养殖生产性能,使养殖黄鳍鲷的成活率、体长增长率和体质量增长率分别提高18.2%、21.0%和312%;显著降低水中氨氮(NH3-N)、亚硝酸盐(NO2^-N)、活性磷酸盐(PO;一一P)质量浓度及底泥中有机碳的质量分数(P〈0.05),其中养殖前、后期的底泥有机碳质量分数分别较对照组降低49.77%和22.63%,NO2^-N、PO4^3-P质量浓度则总体较对照组降低25.82%和41.00%,NH3-N质量浓度在养殖前、中和后期较对照组降低36.33%、18.10%和14.28%;水体中弧菌数量在养殖后期较对照组降低61.76%,底泥中的总异养细菌数量在养殖中、后期较对照组提高38.61%,整个养殖期间水体及底泥中的芽孢杆菌数量分别较对照组提高15.34%和26.37%。  相似文献   

15.
    
The aim of the present study was to study the effects of different prebiotics (galacto‐, fructooligosaccharide and inulin) on immune response and oxidative stress of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fingerlings at the molecular level. A total number of 240 fish (13.85 ± 0.85 g) were supplied and randomly stocked in twelve fiberglass tanks (20 specimens per tank). Fish were fed a basal formulated diet (Control) or basal diet supplemented with equal level (2%) of different prebiotics (four treatments repeated in triplicated) for 8 weeks. At the end of feeding trial, the expression of immune‐related genes (interleukin 1 beta [IL‐1β], IL‐8, IL‐10, lysozyme [LYZ], tumour necrosis factor alpha [TNF‐α] and transforming growth factor beta [TGF‐β]) were determined in head kidney and intestine tissues and the expression of antioxidant‐related genes (glutathione S‐transferase [GST‐α], glutathione reductase [GR] and glutathione peroxidase genes [GPX]) were studied in intestine. The results revealed that dietary administration of prebiotics modulated the expression of immune‐related genes and the degree of expression was affected by the type of prebiotics and the organ that was used for analyses. Also, evaluation of antioxidant genes expression showed that GSTα and GR expression levels increased as a result of feeding common carp with the prebiotics. According to these findings, it can be concluded that feeding on different prebiotics had altered effects on the expression of immune and antioxidant‐related genes.  相似文献   

16.
鲤一种粘孢子虫病的病理学研究   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3  
实验结果表明:该种孢子虫可在鲤鱼鳃、骨骼肌、肾及眼球软骨内形成胞囊,对寄生部位的组织造成一定的病理性损伤。表现为眼球脉胳膜毛细血管扩张充血、出血;鳃小片上皮细胞增长、变性、坏死、脱落;骨骼肌水肿、变性,甚至发生蜡样坏死;肾小管上皮细胞空泡变性,肾小球萎缩;肝细胞肿胀,空泡变性;肠发生卡他性炎。  相似文献   

17.
约10000余尾注射牛和羊生长激素基因的鲤鱼已被生产出来,并从中筛选出生长速度快且整合了外源基因的个体143尾,也证明外源基因可传递给子代同时子代也具有快速生长的特征。建立了把外源基因直接注入受精卵的方法,确定了注入外源基因的最佳时期。  相似文献   

18.
    
A 10 weeks trial was performed to investigate how different carbon sources (sugar beet molasses: SBM+BFT, sugar: S+BFT, corn starch: CS+BFT) along with control affect welfare status of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) fingerlings in biofloc‐based tanks. Three hundred healthy fingerlings (22.5 ± 0.2 g) were randomly distributed in 12 tanks (70 L) at a density of 8.02 kg/m3 (25 fish/tank). The fish in BFT treatments fed only 75% feeding rate of control. At the end of the experiment no differences were seen between the groups in case of growth performance, but the fish reared in CS+BFT had a significant lower food conversion ratio compared with the others (p < .05). Different carbon sources did not affect on haematological parameters (p > .05). Total serum protein and antibody concentration differed in treatments, and the highest values were found in S+BFT and CS+BFT treatments (p < .05). No significant differences were observed in case of lysozyme, superoxide dismutase and complement activity in treatments (p > .05), whereas the fish in BFT treatments showed a significant higher total antioxidant capacity and lower glutathione peroxidase than the control (p < .05). Different carbon sources resulted in no change in goblet and kupffer cells in intestine and liver respectively. The highest relative percentage survival was obtained in the CS+BFT and S+BFT (50%) in comparison with SBM+BFT (20%) treatment. The results obtained in this experiment, suggest that corn starch improves immune response, diseases resistance and histology of digestive and respiratory systems in carp fingerlings when used as a carbon source in zero water exchange system.  相似文献   

19.
地衣芽孢杆菌降解水产养殖中残余饵料的特性研究   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
从土壤及饲料添加剂中筛选获得了一株能较高效降解水产养殖中残余饵料蛋白、淀粉的功能菌,经鉴定为地衣芽孢杆菌.通过研究养殖水体中饲料浓度、pH值、温度等因素对地衣芽孢杆菌降解饲料中蛋白质、淀粉的影响.结果表明,该菌降解饲料中蛋白质、淀粉的适宜条件为:饲料浓度≤5g/L,pH值6~7,温度25~30℃,盐浓度0~1%,溶氧浓度约4mg/L.地衣芽孢杆菌在这种水体生态条件下接种5%,饲料中的蛋白质与淀粉降解率约为60%.  相似文献   

20.
周继术  吉红  姜媛 《水产科学》2006,25(7):346-348
采用消化道粗酶提取和体外孵育消化的方法,测定了鲤、鲫、草鱼对苹果渣的离体消化率,并以麸皮、棉籽粕为对照,评价3种鱼类对苹果渣的消化利用能力。试验结果表明,鲤、鲫、草鱼对苹果渣干物质、粗蛋白、粗脂肪消化率均低于棉籽粕,与麸皮相比,除粗脂肪消化率略低外,干物质和粗蛋白消化率差异不明显,尤其是草鱼对苹果渣可以较好地消化,苹果渣有可能作为能量饲料部分替代麸皮,成为杂食性及草食性鱼类的饲料源。  相似文献   

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