浅谈国有公益林的经营方案

通过研究国有大围山林场森林经营方案的编制过程与方法 ,就当前国有林场公益林的经营方案编制进行分析 ,从多方面阐述编案过程中的一些具体方法、步骤以及注意事项 ,为同行提供参考     

我国森林生态学研究的现状及其思考

森林生态学是研究森林及其与环境间相互关系的科学,森林生态系统作为陆地生态系统中一个重要类型和组成部分,对自然环境和人类的作用是明显的,在实现可持续发展中具有不可替代的作用。由于森林生态系统的复杂性和研究手段的相对滞后,目前森林生态学研究虽然取得很大的进展并成功应用于林业实践,但也存在一些问题。本文简要回顾和评述了我国森林生态学的发展和研究现状,着重指出目前研究中存在的不足,并结合现今森林生态学的发展趋势以及我们相关研究基础对森林生态系统的结构和功能研究、森林生态系统管理、森林流域生态学研究、森林生态系统健康等进行了讨论。参21。     

天然杨桦用材林高效经营技术研究

选择不同林分类型和立地条件,按不同经营密度分别设立固定标准地,开展立地类型划分和最适密度选择。同时,在固定标准地内,对林分生长性状、形质指标、干物质积累量、枯枝落叶分解量及养分归还量进行连续定位观测。结果表明:经营密度对林分生长、干物质积累和枯枝落叶分解影响较大,且以中等经营密度(0.7)效果最理想。在立地类型划分、最适经营密度选择、密度效应分析、径级-株数分布规律研究的基础上,针对不同培育目标,分别提出不同立地条件下天然杨桦(胶合板材、普通建筑材、纸浆材)用材林高效经营技术,为科学经营存量种质资源,最大限度提高森林生产力奠定理论基础。     

Floristic diversity and composition of the Biteyu forest in the Gurage mountain chain (Ethiopia): implications for forest conservation

The Afromontane forests of Ethiopia have been under a serious degradation threat. Assessment of floristic diversity and species composition in Biteyu forest of Gurage mountain chain in the central Ethiopia was conducted to examine the pattern of forest structure. Thirty plots of 30 m×30 m were used to record the vegetation and environmental data using systematic sampling technique. The local name, plant scientific names, DBH, height,species abundance and percentage canopy cover of plant species were recorded. Shannon diversity index and Sorensen's coefficients was used for comparison among communities and similar forests in the country. Threats to the forest biodiversity in Biteyu were determined by counting cattle interference and wood stumps as disturbance indicators. Relative Euclidean Distance measures by using Ward's method(linkage) was applied for cluster analysis. Environmental variables were also recorded in each plot. Woody species population structure, basal area and importance value index were analyzed using spreadsheet programs. Data on species distribution and environmental variables in the forest were analyzed by canonical correspondence analysis. A total of 190 species in 154 genera under 73 families were identified. Twenty species were found to be endemic taxa to the Flora Area. Only three plant community types were identified from the cluster analysis due to the high human influence. The Sorensen's coefficient showed the resemblance of the Biteyu forest with other Dry Evergreen Afromontane forests in the country. Moreover, altitude and slope strongly affect the species composition and structure of Biteyu forest. Given the high anthropogenic influence, high endemism, high dependence of the local community on the forest resources, forest conservation and restoration measures should be done by stakeholders.     

Strategies on natural forest protection of collective forest area in minority nationality community in China

In the recent 20 years, it is a trend that forest will be distributed to villagers to manage in the world. Also in China, “forestry three determinations” has been carried out since 1980, and many new forestry devolutions have been put forward to and come into being. To face the fact of overusing up natural forest to result in the deterioration of ecology environment, the strategy of natural forest protection project (NFPP) is raised after the heavy flood in 1998. Now, it is paid close attention to systematically study to carry out the strategies of NFPP in collective forest area, especially in the community of minority nationalities. Based on the case of forest resource management in Datu Miao Village, the experience of its forest management in the past is analyzed and the strategies of NFPP in collective forest area are put forward. Foundation item: This project is a part of research project “forest devolution management of IFAD/CIFOR” Biography: L{upuo} Ming-can (1961-), maie, associate professor, vice director of post-graduate school of Southwest Forestry College, Kunming 650224, P.R. China. Responsible editor: Song Funan     

我国森林昆虫生态学研究进展

森林昆虫生态学是森林害虫综合管理的理论基础。近年来该领域的研究越来越受到人们的重视，并取得了大量的研究成果，丰富了森林昆虫生态学的内容。该文从森林昆虫种群动态与环境、空间分布型及抽样技术、生命表、预测预报、害虫优化管理决策和防治决策专家系统6个方面阐述了我国森林昆虫生态学的研究进展情况。     

中国吉林森林生态网络现状与展望

本文概要介绍了吉林省生态环境概况、林业建设成就与问题,论述了本省森林生态网络建设面临的任务及亟待解决的八个方面的问题,并对生物技术、信息技术、新材料技术及无公害森林保健技术在森林生态网络建设的应用前景进行了展望。参9。     

茂名森林公园人工林群落林下物种多样性分析

对茂名森林公园人工林群落进行典型样地调查,结果表明:公园内人工林群落共有植物64种34科55属,其中蕨类植物10种7科8属、裸子植物1种1科1属、双子叶植物48种24科41属、单子叶植物5种2科5属.园内人工林灌木层物种组成以桃金娘、九节、银柴、大青、白背叶、鬼灯笼、酸藤果、土密树为主;草本层植物主要有芒萁、蔓生莠竹、飞机草、弓果黍等10种.不同人工林群落林下物种在丰富度和Shannon-Wiener指数方面均表现为灌木层草本层,但均匀度表现不一.3个多样性指数的变化趋势表现为Shannon-Wienner指数与均匀度指数呈正相关,而两者与丰富度指数呈负相关.     

辽河源国家森林公园的天然油松林

对辽河源国家森林公园天然油松林的结构、林木蓄积、死地被物贮量及其最大持水量进行了调查与研究.结果表明：油松林的植物种数为25种;林木蓄积量为655.410 m3/hm^2,死地被物贮量为17.7 t/hm^2 ;最大持水量为37.3 t/hm^2.     

Study on ecology ofFraxinus mandshurica

The reference and recent working results about ecology of ash (Fraxinus mandshurica) were reviewed, which including: distribution range, suitable site, phonology, growth, photosynthesis, productivity, natural regeneration effect and mixture effect. Synthesizing above, it was suggest that the ecological characters of ash such as distribution range, limited factors, growth site etc., as well as its biology characters, features in forest, should be considered as an important basis to develop this species by different regeneration ways such as natural regeneration, artificial regeneration and natural regeneration by man-help. And experiment in artificial regeneration showed that the mixture of ash with larch has benefit to being free from or alleviating frost injury and enhancing growth     

鄂西北中山落叶阔叶林群落特征

对鄂西北中山地带典型落叶阔叶林进行样地调查,分析了其群落特征。对群落内物种组成和群落结构的研究表明:群落内物种丰富,科属组成分散。11个样地中共有维管束植物74科142属222种。从属的地理成分来看,以温带分布的类型占优势。按Raunkiaer生活型统计,群落的生活型以高位芽植物为主,占60.81%。群落叶的性质以中型叶、单叶、纸质、非全缘为主,各占63.51%、80.63%、62.61%、69.37%。群落成层现象明显,可分为乔木层、灌木层和草本层3个层次。总的来说,区系组成和群落外貌结构均体现了亚热带北缘中山落叶阔叶林的特征。     

Development and application of the statistical ecology in China

l"trodneticnThestatisticalecologydevelopsrapidlywiththeadvancementofanalyzingtechnologyandmethod.Chinesescientistsandecologistsmadegreateffortseditingtheecologicalwritingssuchas"Environmentalstatistics"(Wu1991),"Anintroductiontoenergyecology"(Zu1990)etc.Thedevelopmentofstatisticalecologyexperiencedthefollowingthreemainstages(1)Quantitativemeasurement,classificationbytable,directgradientanalysisandcommonstatisticalanalysis(Greig-Smith)etc..(2)Linearindirectgradientanalysis,linearPCAordinati…     

关于中国吉林省林业建设的思考

This paper reviews various forestry practices in Jilin Province, China. The authors emphasize the rich natural diversity of Jilin and the need to focus research efforts on understanding the potential of native species to meet the needs of land-management agencies involved in forest resource exploitation and ecological restoration. The native species of China hold great potential, and deserve more research attention, for meeting these needs. The introduction and testing of exotic species should be dbne only under rigorous scientific testing and after comparison with native species prior to operational introduction into forestry in order to avoid unwanted ecological consequences, including potential problems with alien invasives and pest introductions. The authors also emphasize the need to maintain viable （e.g., genetically diverse and reproductively fit） natural populations of native species in order to protect China＇s valuable natural diversity and maintain the potential of native species to function as future seed sources for local forest and ecological restoration activities.     

林区蓄水工程的开发利用

在山区、林区、营建小而多的蓄水设施，加以利用而造福人类。文中阐述了该项工程必要性、可行性的实施途径，及其实现的多种效益。     

对森工企业实施"天保工程"的几点思考

本文提出了森工企业实施"天保工程"的几个重要环节即实行森林分类经营、森工企业经营方式转向、职工转岗分流、强化资源及林地管理.     

珠三角城郊乡村人居型文化林结构特征及森林文化初探

对珠三角城郊9个乡村人居型文化林进行调查分析,结果表明人居型文化林有四种典型形式:水口林、下垫林、龙座林、庭院林,其空间布局各有特点。林木种类丰富,共有40个科74个属91个种,观赏、食用功能突出。4种典型人居型文化林群落还具有不同的林木种类、径级、高度特征,健康状况参差。此外,物质层面的森林文化虽仍有留存,但行为、精神层面的森林文化陷入传承和发展困局。通过梳理珠三角城郊人居型文化林结构特征及其森林文化,提出加紧对珠三角乡村人居型文化林进行调查研究等保护及开发利用的建议。     

Songgye,a traditional knowledge system for sustainable forest management in Choson Dynasty of Korea

Throughout the history of the world, the best-orchestrated and publicly cohesive reforestation event occurred in South Korea. One of the best-known causes for such a success was the leadership of the government at that time, in particular the president Park Chung Hee. However, from forestry point of view, it evolved from Songgye, a traditional method of forest management evolved in late Choson Dynasty of Korea in reaction to rapid privatization of national forests by the elite class and government officials. Songgye was a unique social institution to promote sustainable use of local forests by local citizens. The primary goals of Songgye were to determine the annual amount of harvest and assign certain areas for specific uses and activities. Songgye also organized various activities within the community to prevent wild fires and illegal logging and smuggling, besides setting up rules and regulations to control activities as well as infringements. Songgye, remembered today as a cultural reminiscence, played a significant role in the success of reforestation of denuded landscapes after colonization and war.     

Impacts of participatory forest management on forest conditions: Evidences from Gebradima Forest,southwest Ethiopia

ABSTRACT

This study examines a participatory forest management program and its impacts on forest conditions in Gebradima Forest, southwest Ethiopia. Vegetation data were collected from both participatory forest management (PFM) and nonparticipatory forest management (non-PFM) forest blocks. A total of 54 plots (27 from each forest block) measuring 20 m × 20 m were employed to collect species composition and structural data. Results indicated that a total of 51 different woody plant species (49 at PFM and 43 at non-PFM blocks), representing 31 families were recorded, with 41 species were shared for both forest sites. Species diversity and evenness were higher in the forest with PFM (H´ = 3.29, E = .85) compared to the forest without PFM (H´ = 2.97, E = .79). The overall mean values of tree/shrub and seedling density per hectare, diameter class (≤ 20 cm) were also significantly (p < .05) higher in PFM forest than non-PFM forests. However, no significant variations were observed in sapling density per hectare and basal area between the two studied forest blocks. It can be concluded that PFM had a positive effect on forest conditions compared with a similar forest without PFM. Hence, it is important to scaling up PFM in neighboring forests.     

论森林采伐与“天保”工程的统一性

保证森林采伐与天保工程有机的统一.首先要提高采伐与天保工程统一性的认识;然后要合理采伐.大力培育速生护林;其次要处理好当前与长远的关系。     

青海云杉林森林群落营养元素含量研究

本文对祁连山（北坡）寺大隆林区青海云杉森林群落进行了定位观测研究。主要测定了该系统乔木层、下木层（活地被物层）、枯落物层以及土壤中营养元素的含量，分析说明了９种养分元素在林木各器官中的含量及变化规律。研究结果对该森林生态系统的结构、功能及经营都有一定的现实指导意义。