施锰对不同基因型小麦锰营养与根际锰动态的影响

通过二室根盒试验研究了根际施锰和土体施锰对3317和川麦22两个基因型小麦锰营养以及根际锰动态的影响。结果表明,缺锰条件下3317的生物量和吸锰量均显著高于川麦22;前者不施锰或土体施锰即可基本满足其正常生长对锰的需求,后者则只有根际施锰条件下才能完全消除其缺锰症状。从根际变化可进一步发现,两基因型小麦根际pH值均低于土体而有效锰含量则相反（土体施锰处理除外）,并伴随近根际（离尼龙网0～5mm）有效锰的相对富积。不同基因型比较,3317根际pH低于川麦22;而根际和近根际有效锰含量明显高于川麦22,但这种差异在施锰特别是根际施锰条件下大大缩小。综合以上结果,初步认为根系活化溶解锰氧化物能力强是3317比川麦22耐缺锰的主要原因。     

施锰时期对不同基因型小麦锰营养及产量的影响

通过田间试验研究了施锰时期对不同小麦基因型缺锰状况、产量及吸锰量的影响。结果表明，在水旱轮作缺锰土壤上，施用锰肥可以显著改善小麦缺锰症状提高小麦籽粒产量和吸锰量，其效果以全生育期施锰处理优于单个生育期施锰（分蘖期、拔节期和孕穗期）；不同基因型小麦比较，无论缺锰症状或小麦产量对锰肥的反应，均以80－8最耐缺锰，8541之次，绵阳26和3295对缺锰最为敏感。上述结果说明，在严重缺锰土壤上只有各个生育期均满足小麦锰营养的需要小麦产量水平才能达到最佳，不仅应在小麦生长前期保证锰的供应而且还应注意营养生长后期的锰素供应，这对于缺锰敏感的小麦基因型尤其如此。     

小麦/燕麦根系不同分隔方式及施锰对小麦锰营养的影响

通过根系分隔的根盒试验,研究了小麦/燕麦间作体系中根系不同分隔方式及土壤施锰对小麦锰营养的影响.结果表明:与不施锰肥处理相比,施用锰肥显著提高了小麦的地上部干重和吸锰量,小麦/燕麦根系不同分隔方式对小麦的地上部干重、锰浓度和吸锰量均无显著影响.不同作物品种吸收活化土壤锰的能力不同,表现为燕麦＞小麦;9023＞川麦28;坝莜4号＞坝莜3号.与燕麦间作没能改善小麦的锰营养,可能是作物种植密度大,而根系生长空间较小造成的,其具体原因还有待于进一步研究.     

基因型和环境对小麦品种淀粉性状及面条品质的影响①

研究了15个冬小麦品种的11个面粉、淀粉和面条品质性状在5个生态试验点的表现。结果表明①基因型方差在所有性状上达到极显著,环境方差在8个性状上达到显著或极显著,基因型×环境互作方差在7个性状上达到显著或极显著。基因型变异在多数品质性状上大于环境变异,环境变异对一些重要品质性状的作用较大。基因型变异在所有性状上大于基因型×环境互作变异。②多数性状的稳定性因品种而异,一些重要品质性状具有较好的稳定性。本研究为小麦品质育种的淀粉性状和面条品质选择提供了有关基因型和环境作用的数据。     

小城镇环境污染问题及对策①

The serious conditions of environmental pollution in vrban area between production and livelihood in China were analyzed and the sustainable development optimum model in a three-dimension system as well as the cycle economics pattern of town development were set up. It is thought as two new measures that protecting the environment of the town is ought to be carried out “controlling total amount” and “green engineering plan”. To enhance combating the environmental pollution of a town, the countermeasures, which include amplifying the moment rules and regulations, to enforce the environment protection law of a town's plant, to draw up the system which the public have a hand in are put forward.     

农机转子动平衡的新方法①

Many rotors of agricultural machinery are flexible. The dynamic balancing tests on them should be done on many plans at working speed. The traditional method on two plans and at low speed can't meet the accuracy requirments of the dynamic balancing on flexible rotors. The multi-plan and three-speed step balancing method is putting forward to simplify the balancing progress and improve the balancing accuracy of working rotors. A kind of automatic balancing machine, which is accurate, efficient and easily-operating, is developed.     

残膜回收机的设计①

A plastic film collector was invented with analysis of motional tracks and experiments. The working principle and designing parameters of the collector were introduced. Experiments indicated that this machine has some advantages such as high working reliability, low energy consumption, and simple structure.     

抽水蓄能电站水力装置系统动态过程仿真①

On the basis of the operating characters of mixed-flow pump-turbine in pumped storage plant, the simulation model, which is of complicate hydraulic system's, of rejection transient when the unit was working as turbine, were founded through the internal analysis method and the elasticity was also considered. The simulation model of the rejection transient was developed through the method of process interaction. The corresponding simulation software was developed according to the operation situation of Shisanling pumped storage plant.     

春小麦耐热性表现及其评价①

以Seri82×Siete Cerros重组近交系为供试材料,对不同高温胁迫环境条件下小麦耐热性的表现以及小麦耐热性的评价方法进行了研究。结果表明分期播种能够给春小麦提供全生育期的高温胁迫环境;借助塑料大棚人工升温的办法可以模拟大田生产条件下籽粒灌浆期的高温胁迫环境。在这些不同的热胁迫环境中,供试材料的产量性状都受到严重影响,且在耐热性表现显著差异。产量性状和耐热性的相关分析表明正常环境条件下产量性状表现与耐热性之间不存在相关关系。不同热胁迫环境条件下,基因型之间产量性状的遗传表达亦存在显著差异,并与耐热性呈显著的负相关。可以认为采用热感指数和几何平均产量2个指标鉴定和评价小麦品种的耐热性。     

缺锰对不同基因型小麦生长的影响与机理

以辽春10号、津强1号小麦为材料,用溶液培养的方法研究了不同供锰水平对不同基因型小麦生长的影响。结果表明,在缺锰条件下,津强1号的株高、根冠比、穗重、干物质量等指标所受影响均比辽春10号大,而且光合产物糖和氨基酸的形成以及蛋白质合成过程的受阻程度也比辽春10号重。     

我国农产品的比较优势分析①

According to the theory of free trade and the Standard International Trade Classification(SITC), the comparative advantage of international trade of section and main agricultural product in China from 1987 to 1996 was evaluated, the comparative advantage of international trade of different agricultural products was determined, the time series property of change in China agricultural product's comparative advantage was analyzed, and the reasons of forming and changing of China agricultural product's comparative advantage from the viewpoint of factor endowment was discussed. Moreover, the econometric models have been developed.