局部根系盐胁迫对冬小麦生长和光合特征的影响

通过分根装置设置无盐胁迫(0|0)、局部根系150 mmol-L-1NaCl胁迫(0|150)、全部根系75 mmol-L-1NaCl胁迫(75|75)、全部根系150 mmol-L-1NaCl胁迫(150|150)4种处理,研究根系局部盐胁迫对冬小麦生长及光合特征的影响。结果表明:盐胁迫显著抑制了小麦幼苗的生长,并且随着盐胁迫浓度的增加,小麦受抑制程度加重;根系盐胁迫方式对小麦幼苗生长影响显著,局部根系胁迫处理(0|150)小麦幼苗地上部干重比等浓度150 mmol-L-1NaCl全部盐胁迫处理(150|150)增加23.5%,比等浓度75 mmol-L-1NaCl全部盐胁迫处理(75|75)增加17.2%。在局部根系盐胁迫下,非盐胁迫一侧根系(0|150-0)补偿生长,其根长、侧根数、侧根长比盐胁迫一侧根系(0|150-150)分别增加195.2%、206.2%和237.8%,盐胁迫一侧根系吸收的Na+部分向非盐胁迫一侧根系运输,盐胁迫一侧根系(0|150-150)的Na+含量比全部胁迫处理(150|150)减少12.1%。与全部根系盐胁迫相比,局部根系盐胁迫减少了Na+在叶片中的积累,降低了钠/钾值。局部根系盐胁迫叶片净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度和叶绿素荧光参数(Fv/Fm)均高于同浓度完全盐胁迫处理的小麦幼苗,进而增加地上部和根系的生物量。因此,局部根系胁迫显著缓解了全部盐胁迫对小麦地上部和根系生长的抑制作用。     

氮素对NaCl胁迫下甜高粱种子萌发及芽苗生长与生理的影响

为了研究NaCl胁迫下氮肥对甜高粱种子萌发及芽苗生长和生理特性的影响,探索提高甜高粱耐盐能力的措施,室内设置不同盐分浓度、不同氮源及浓度条件下甜高粱萌芽试验。结果表明:NaCl胁迫和不同氮源对甜高粱发芽和芽苗生长的影响各有不同。NaCl浓度对甜高粱种子萌发有显著影响,在甜高粱芽苗生长阶段,通过提高保护酶活性和渗透调节物质而增强耐盐伤害能力是有限的。100 mmol.L 1NaCl胁迫下,根系POD活性最低,而叶片MDA积累量、可溶性糖含量、POD活性最高,受盐害程度最大。没有盐胁迫情况下增加不同氮源及氮量对甜高粱根叶生理特性的影响差异显著,当氮浓度在20 mmol.L 1时,细胞受伤害程度最低,生长最好。不同形态氮源对甜高粱发芽和幼苗生长的影响差异明显,NH4Cl的促进效果优于KNO3。在100mmol.L 1的NaCl胁迫下,施加铵态氮或硝态氮源均可以增强甜高粱芽苗期的POD活性,减少MDA积累,从而缓解盐胁迫带来的伤害。研究表明采取适当的氮肥调控措施可以提高甜高粱的耐盐能力。     

盐胁迫对诱变小麦种子萌发及幼苗生理特性的影响

本研究以化学诱变获得的小麦突变体为材料,研究了盐胁迫对小麦发芽及幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,随着NaCl浓度(0、100 mmol.L 1、200 mmol.L 1、300 mmol.L 1、400 mmol.L 1)的增加,小麦的发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数、芽长、根长、芽鲜重和干重、根鲜重和干重均呈下降趋势,300 mmol.L 1NaCl为4种小麦(3个突变体、1个对照CAO811CK)发芽能力的临界盐浓度,其中突变体CAO8113K优于其他小麦材料。在300 mmol.L 1NaCl胁迫下,随着时间延长(12 h、24 h、48 h、96 h、192 h),4种小麦材料幼苗可溶性蛋白含量、丙二醛(MDA)含量逐渐增加,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性呈上升趋势。采用模糊数学隶属函数法对可溶性蛋白、MDA、SOD、POD、CAT 5项生理指标进行综合评价,4种小麦材料耐盐潜力由强到弱依次为CAO8113K>CAO811CK>CAO8114K>CAO8112K,CAO8113K突变体小麦材料表现出较强抗盐性,与发芽指标检测结果基本一致。     

拟南芥DA1-Related Protein 2基因参与调控植物对盐胁迫的响应

土壤盐渍化是目前农业生产面临的主要问题之一,同时种子萌发转绿作为植物幼苗形态建成的基础对盐胁迫最为敏感。本研究以Col-0、Ler野生型拟南芥和osr1短根突变体拟南芥为试验材料,通过图位克隆方法得到调控根生长的DAR2(DA1-Related Protein 2)基因。本研究利用RT-PCR方法,发现生长10 d的Col-0幼苗在200 mmol·L 1氯化钠条件下处理6 h和12 h,DAR2基因受盐胁迫诱导;200 mmol·L 1氯化钠处理后,组织化学染色结果显示,萌发1 d的根尖韧皮部和3 d的叶片pDAR2::GUS的表达上升,进一步表明DAR2基因受到盐胁迫的诱导。统计不同MS培养基[0(CK)、100 mmol·L 1氯化钠、150 mmol·L 1氯化钠、200 mmol·L 1氯化钠、150 mmol·L 1氯化钾、200 mmol·L 1甘露醇]上Col-0和dar2-3的萌发率和转绿率发现:随着氯化钠浓度的逐渐增大,突变体无论萌发还是转绿时间明显比野生型晚。在150 mmol·L 1氯化钾和200 mmol·L 1甘露醇培养条件下,萌发和转绿的时间也比野生型要晚。这些结果表明突变体在萌发和转绿期对盐胁迫的敏感性比野生型明显增强,进一步证明了突变体对盐胁迫的敏感性并不是对离子的特异响应。这些研究结果为深入了解逆境胁迫下植物早期生长发育的可塑性调控机制奠定了基础,同时也为通过生物技术改良作物抗逆性提供了理论依据。     

外源水杨酸对黑麦草幼苗盐胁迫的缓解效应研究

系统分析了黑麦草幼苗在0.2、0.4、0.6和0.8 mmol L-1水杨酸分别与150 mmol L-1 Na Cl盐胁迫复合作用下的生长指标与生理生化指标特征,探究了外源水杨酸对黑麦草幼苗盐胁迫的缓解效应。结果表明:施加不同浓度的外源水杨酸均能够显著缓解盐分对黑麦草幼苗的胁迫效应,盐胁迫下施加外源水杨酸,可使得黑麦草幼苗株高,地上、地下部分鲜重和干重均相对增加;加强了植物体内抗氧化酶系统,表现为超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性显著提高;减弱了细胞膜脂过氧化作用并降低了质膜破坏程度,表现为细胞质膜透性和丙二醛含量均显著降低。0.6 mmol L-1是所设置的浓度梯度中最佳的水杨酸施用浓度;与单独150 mmol L-1 Na Cl盐胁迫相比,黑麦草幼苗株高增加43.38%,地上部分鲜、干重分别增加37.92%和31.36%,地下部分鲜、干重分别增加25.46%和15.32%;胁迫处理第3天,SOD活性增加17.20%,第9天,丙二醛(MDA)含量降低27.60%。     

盐胁迫下外源钙对高羊茅种子萌发和幼苗离子分布的影响

该文模拟了上海市临港新成陆地盐渍化土壤的盐分特点,并在100 mmol/L NaCl盐胁迫下,以常见牧草和草坪草高羊茅（Festucaarundinacea）为材料,在人工气候室可控制条件下,进行了盐胁迫下种子萌发和幼苗盆栽试验,用不同浓度的CaCl2（5、10、20、40、80 mmol/L）处理,研究高羊茅种子萌发和幼苗生长状况,重点研究了矿质元素Na^＋、K^＋、Ca^2＋和Mg^2＋在植株地上部分和地下部分的分布。研究表明：适当浓度的外源CaCl2浸种处理能缓解高羊茅种子受到的盐胁迫伤害,促使种子提前萌发,20 mmol/L CaCl2浸种处理能显著提高种子萌发率,但高浓度（80 mmol/L）的外源钙处理对高羊茅种子萌发不利;适当浓度的CaCl2处理能促进幼苗地上部分生长,降低高羊茅根冠比、稳定植物细胞膜、维持离子平衡、提高植物耐盐性,但是高浓度（80 mmol/L）CaCl2处理会对植物幼苗生长造成伤害。     

PHYTOTOXICITY OF SALTS IN COMPOSTED SEWAGE SLUDGE AND CORRELATION WITH SODIUM CHLORIDE,CALCIUM NITRATE,AND MAGNESIUM NITRATE

The phytotoxicity of salts in composted sewage sludge (CSS) was evaluated. Concentrations of sodium (Na⁺), chloride (Cl^?1), calcium (Ca²⁺), and magnesium (Mg²⁺) were present at levels that would induce salt stress in plants. Nutrient imbalances were also found that would adversely affect the use of CSS as a growth medium. To further understand the phytotoxic nature of these salts, sodium chloride (NaCl), calcium nitrate [Ca(NO₃)₂] and magnesium nitrate [Mg(NO₃)₂] solutions were used to simulate the composition of salts found in CSS in an investigation of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) seed germination. High concentrations of Ca²⁺ (92.1 mmol.L^?1) and Mg²⁺ (27.4 mmol.L^?1) inhibited seed germination to an equal extent as did Na⁺ (40.6 mmol.L^?1). The lower concentration of Ca²⁺ (10 mmol.L^?1), however, significantly relieved the stress caused by NaCl. These results indicated that the composition and total amount of Na⁺, Cl^?1, Ca²⁺, and Mg²⁺ in CSS should be carefully monitored before it is used as a soil amendment or growth medium.     

盐碱复合胁迫对水稻种子发芽的影响

为研究盐胁迫与碱胁迫复合对水稻种子发芽的影响,采用模拟试验方法,将两种中性盐(NaCl、Na_2SO_4)和两种碱性盐(NaHCO_3、Na_2CO_3)按照不同比例[NaCl︰Na_2SO_4︰NaH∶CO_3︰Na_2CO_3分别为1︰1︰0︰0(A), 1︰2︰1︰0(B), 1︰9︰1︰0(C), 1︰1︰1︰1(D),9︰1︰1︰9(E)]混合,每个混合比例设不同总盐浓度(50 mmol·L~(-1)、100 mmol·L~(-1)、150 mmol·L~(-1)、200 mmol·L~(-1)),模拟20种盐碱胁迫环境,以去离子水作为对照(CK),研究不同盐碱混合胁迫对水稻种子发芽的影响。结果表明,水稻种子经两种中性盐混合胁迫溶液培养后,与CK相比,发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数的降幅分别为9.2%～74.4%、10.0%～48.9%、5.6%～55.6%,平均发芽时间延长3.2%～96.4%;随胁迫溶液中碱性盐比例的增加,与CK相比, B-E组发芽率分别降低8.9%～96.5%、15.0%～98.0%、7.5%～98.7%、18.9%～95.7%,发芽势分别降低20.0%～94.4%、13.2%～97.8%、3.3%～100%、36.7%～94.4%,发芽指数分别降低16.7%～94.4%、22.2%～100%、16.7%～100%、27.8%～94.4%,平均发芽时间较CK延长0.8～4.5倍,说明中性盐和碱性盐的混合胁迫溶液对水稻种子发芽的抑制作用更强。将在盐碱胁迫溶液中未萌发的水稻种子转移至蒸馏水中培养7d后,水稻种子的最终萌发率均达73.33%以上,表明胁迫溶液没有破坏水稻种子的活性,只是暂时性抑制了种子的萌发。试验结果表明:与单施中性盐比较,中性盐与碱性盐混合胁迫作用对水稻种子萌发的抑制作用更明显,且在中性盐与碱性盐混合溶液浓度达200mmol×L~(-1)时,种子发芽率接近0。     

The regulation of accumulation and secretion of several major inorganic cations by Chinese Iris under NaCl stress

Chinese Iris (Iris lactea Pall. var. chinensis (Fisch.) Koidz.) is a monocotyledonous halophyte, which is considered an important salt-tolerant species. In this study, the plant growth, ion absorption and transportation and leaf secretion characteristics of Iris under sodium chloride (NaCl) stress were investigated using nutrient solutions with four NaCl concentrations ranging from 0 to 300 mmol L^?1. The main results indicated that Na⁺ secretion accounted for 5.7–11.5% of the ion distribution pattern of 90% of the ions accumulated in vivo by Iris. The ion transportation ratio was potassium > magnesium > calcium > sodium, (K⁺ > Mg²⁺ > Ca²⁺ > Na⁺), K⁺/Na⁺, Ca²⁺/Na⁺, Mg²⁺/Na⁺ in the shoot were greater than those in the root. K–Na and Ca–Na selectivity ratios showed an increasing trend overall. The contribution of salt secretion to the salt tolerance of Iris was tiny, which will be discussed in further research, achieving ion balance in vivo through selective absorption and transportation under salt stress is undoubtedly a primary salt-tolerance adaptation mechanism of Iris.     

Effect of Piriformospora indica and Azospirillum strains from saline or non-saline soil on mitigation of the effects of NaCl

Salinity toxicity is a worldwide agricultural and eco-environmental problem. The intent of this study was to determine the salt tolerance of Piriformospora indica and strains of Azospirillum, isolated from non-saline and saline soil, as well as to determine their affect on the tolerance of wheat to soil salinity. In this study, an experiment was conducted to investigate the salt stress tolerance abilities of the endophytic fungi, P. indica, and Azospirillum strains, isolated from non-saline and saline soil, at five NaCl levels (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 mol L^?1). Additionally, a greenhouse experiment was conducted to test the effects of these selected microorganisms under increasing salinity levels on seedling growth, solute accumulation (proline and sugars), and photosynthetic pigments (Chl a, b, ab) of seedling wheat. Azospirillum strains were isolated in Iran from the root of field-grown maize from non-saline soil with an EC = 0.7 dS m^?1 and from saline soil with an EC = 4.7 dS m^?1. Plants were irrigated with non-saline water–tap water with an electrical conductivity water (ECw) value of 0.2 dS m^?1, as well as low, moderate and severe saline water-irrigation with saline water with an ECw of 4 dS m^?1, 8 dS m^?1 and 12 dS m^?1, respectively. The upper threshold of P. indica salinity tolerance was 0.4 mol L^?1 NaCl in both liquid and solid broth medium. The upper thresholds of the salt adapted and non-adapted Azospirillum strains were 0.2 and 0.4 mol L^?1 NaCl, respectively. The results indicated a positive influence of the organisms on salinity tolerance, more with the saline-adapted Azospirillum strains than the non-adapted strains. P. indica was more effective than the Azospirillum strains. These results could be related to a better water status, higher photosynthetic pigment contents and proline accumulation in wheat seedlings inoculated with P. indica. The benefits of both isolates and P. indica depended on two factors: water salinity and growth stage of the host plant. Inoculation with the two isolates increased salinity tolerance of wheat plants; the saline-adapted Azospirillum strains showed better performance with respect to improved fresh and dry weights at 80 and 100 days after sowing under both non-saline and saline conditions. When compared to plants inoculated with non-saline-adapted Azospirillum strains, those inoculated with adapted Azospirillum strains had much better performance with respect to the presence of photosynthetic pigment (Chl a, b and ab) and proline accumulation. Overall, these results indicate that the symbiotic association between P. indica fungus and wheat plants improved wheat growth, regardless of the salinity. It is concluded that the mechanisms for protecting plants from the detrimental effects of salinity by P. indica fungus and Azospirillum strains may differ in their salinity tolerance and influence the uptake of water, photosynthetic pigment contents and proline accumulation in wheat seedlings.     

模拟干旱和盐碱胁迫对碱蓬、盐地碱蓬种子萌发的影响

为研究干旱和盐碱胁迫对碱蓬(Suaeda glauca)、盐地碱蓬(Suaeda salsa)种子萌发的影响,比较碱蓬和盐地碱蓬逆境生理特性的异同,本研究利用PEG6000、NaCl和Na_2CO_3分别模拟干旱、盐和碱胁迫,配制相同渗透势的PEG6000、NaCl、Na_2CO_3处理液,以蒸馏水处理为对照,对碱蓬、盐地碱蓬种子的萌发与胚的生长进行比较研究。结果表明:1)低渗处理(-0.46 MPa)对碱蓬、盐地碱蓬种子的萌发无显著影响;高渗处理(-1.38MPa、-1.84 MPa)抑制碱蓬、盐地碱蓬种子的萌发。2)当溶液渗透势相等时,NaCl处理下碱蓬种子的萌发率显著大于PEG、Na_2CO_3处理;而等渗PEG、NaCl、Na_2CO_3处理对盐地碱蓬种子萌发率的影响无显著差异。3)PEG、NaCl、Na_2CO_3处理组碱蓬、盐地碱蓬种子的最终萌发率与对照无显著差异。4)在幼苗形成阶段,PEG、Na_2CO_3处理对碱蓬、盐地碱蓬胚的抑制作用显著大于等渗NaCl处理。5)碱蓬、盐地碱蓬胚的生长对NaCl、Na_2CO_3胁迫的响应存在差异。-0.92 MPa NaCl处理抑制碱蓬胚的生长,却对盐地碱蓬产生促进作用;-0.46 MPa Na_2CO_3处理对碱蓬胚的抑制作用小于盐地碱蓬。综合分析表明:碱蓬、盐地碱蓬均具有很强的抗盐性。在种子萌发阶段,碱蓬种子的抗旱、抗碱能力低于盐地碱蓬;在幼苗形成阶段,碱蓬胚的抗盐性小于盐地碱蓬,但对轻度碱胁迫的抗性高于盐地碱蓬。     

Soil salt and NaCl have different effects on seed germination of the halophyte Suaeda salsa

Seed germination is a key life‐history stage of halophytes. Most studies on seed germination of halophytes have focused on the effects of a single salt, while little information is available on the effects of mixed salt in the natural habitat. Due to the contribution of multiple ions in saline soil, we hypothesized that the effect of mixed salt on seed germination will differ from that of a single salt and the mechanism of how germination is affected will differ as well. The effects of mixed salt and NaCl on germination, water imbibition, and ionic concentrations of seeds of Suaeda salsa (L.) Pall. were compared at various salinity levels. Germination percentage (GP) and rate (GR) decreased with increasing salinity level, regardless of salt type. There was no difference in GP or GR between mixed salt and NaCl when the salinity level was below 20 dS m^?1. Above 20 dS m^?1, GP and GR in NaCl were lower than those in mixed salt. At the same salinity level, Na⁺ concentration in seeds was higher in NaCl than that in mixed salt, but the reverse was true for Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ concentrations. Imbibition rate for seeds in NaCl was lower than that in mixed salt at the same salinity level. Addition of Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ alleviated the inhibition of NaCl on seed germination. In conclusion, our results suggest that the effects of soil salts and NaCl on seed germination are different, and using NaCl instead of soil salt might not be realistic to show the effect of saline stress on seed germination of halophytes in the natural habitat.     

Effects of calcium on lipid composition and function of plasma membrane and tonoplast vesicles isolated from roots of barley seedlings under salt stress

The effects of salt stress(200 mmol L^‐1) and calcium (Ca) on the lipid composition and function of plasma membrane and tonoplast vesicles isolated from the roots of barley seedlings (Hordeum vulgare L. Jian 4) have been investigated. Nine days of exposure to 200 mmol L^‐1 NaCl resulted in a significant increase in the electrolyte leakage and Na⁺/K⁺ ratio in the roots, sheaths, and leaves of barley. The index ofunsaturated fatty acids (IUFA) in plasma membrane (PM) and tonoplast (TP) vesicles, and the levels of galactolipid in TP increased (p<0.01). The contents of phospholipids in PM decreased (p<0.05). In contrast to salt treatment, supplement of Ca²⁺(17.5 mmol L^‐1) obviously increased the phospholipids content, and significantly decreased the levels of galactolipids and IUFA in PM and TP vesicles. The results showed that the alleviating effect of Ca²⁺ on NaCl induced injury in barley seedlings may be related to the changes of membrane lipid composition including phospholipids, galactolipids, and their fatty acids.     

Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Acacia Seyal (Del.) Seedlings under Salt Stress Conditions

In this study, the first experiment analyzed the effects of 0, 85, 171, 256, and 342 mM sodium chloride (NaCl) on the germination of Acacia seyal seeds. In the second in vitro experiment, the effects of inoculation with two rhizobial strains on growth, physiological, and biochemical responses of A. seyal seedlings was evaluated at four levels (0, 85, 171, and 256 mM) of NaCl. Results showed that at 342 mM NaCl, germination rate of A. seyal seeds declined by 56% from the control value, while any germination was recorded for Acacia bivenosa and Acacia sclerosperma seeds at the same salt level. Salt stress gradually decreased the growth, the soluble protein and the leaf-chlorophyll contents of A. seyal seedlings. However, rhizobial inoculation limits these adverse effects of salt on physiological and metabolic processes responses. A. seyal exhibited a moderate halophytic behavior; nodulation was enhanced by moderate salt stress.     

抗重金属植物根际细菌的植物促生长特征以及它们对黑芥种子萌发的影响

Phytoremediation is an emerging technology that uses plants and their associated microbes to clean up pollutants from the soil, water, and air. In order to select the plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria(PGPR) for phytoremediation of heavy metal contamination, 60 bacterial strains were isolated from the rhizosphere of two endemic plants, Prosopis laevigata and Spharealcea angustifolia, in a heavy metal-contaminated zone in Mexico. These rhizobacterial strains were characterized for the growth at different pH and salinity, extracellular enzyme production, solubilization of phosphate, heavy metal resistance, and plant growth-promoting(PGP) traits, including production of siderophores and indol-3-acetic acid(IAA). Overall, the obtained rhizobacteria presented multiple PGP traits. These rhizobacteria were also resistant to high levels of heavy metals(including As as a metalloid)(up to 480 mmol L(-1)As(V), 24 mmol L(-1)Pb(Ⅱ), 21 mmol L(-1)Cu(Ⅱ), and 4.5 mmol L(-1)Zn(Ⅱ)). Seven rhizobacterial strains with the best PGP traits were identified as members of Alcaligenes, Bacillus, Curtobacterium, and Microbacterium, and were selected for further bioassay.The inoculation of Brassica nigra seeds with Microbacterium sp. CE3R2, Microbacterium sp. NE1R5, Curtobacterium sp. NM1R1,and Microbacterium sp. NM3E9 facilitated the root development; they significantly improved the B. nigra seed germination and root growth in the presence of heavy metals such as 2.2 mmol L(-1)Zn(Ⅱ). The rhizobacterial strains isolated in the present study had the potential to be used as efficient bioinoculants in phytorremediation of soils contaminated with multiple heavy metals.     

Roles of glycine betaine in mitigating deleterious effect of salt stress on lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)

This study was conducted to evaluate the roles of glycine betaine (GB) in mitigating deleterious effect of salt stress on lettuce. Lettuce plants were subjected to two salinity (0 and 100 mmol l^?1 NaCl) and four GB levels (0, 5, 10, 25 mmol l^?1). Salinity resulted in a remarkable decrease in growth parameters, relative leaf water content and stomatal conductance. Plants subjected to salt stress exhibited an increase in membrane permeability (MP), lipid peroxidation (MDA), leaf chlorophyll reading value, H₂O₂ and sugar content. Exogenous foliar applications of GB reduced MP, MDA and H₂O₂ content in salt-stressed lettuce plants. Salt stress increased Na and generally decreased other nutrient elements. GB reduced Na accumulation, but significantly increased other element contents under salinity conditions. The study showed that gibberellic acid (GA) and salicylic acid (SA) content in salt-stressed plants were lower than those of nonstressed plants. However, salinity conditions generally increased the abscisic acid content. GB treatments elevated the concentrations of GA, SA and indole acetic acid (IAA) at especially 10 and 25 mmol l^?1 GB under salt stress conditions. It could be concluded that exogenous GB applications could ameliorate the harmful effects of salt stress in lettuce.     

基于离子稳态的野生与栽培番茄及其杂交F1的耐盐性差异

以野生番茄-醋栗番茄D4-101(Solanum pimpinellifolium)(WT)、自交系番茄栽培种7818D(S.esculentum)(CT)及二者杂交产生的F1代品系为材料,探讨50、100及200 mmol L-1Na Cl胁迫处理对番茄生物量和离子吸收分配的影响。结果表明:盐胁迫下,植株干重的降幅由大到小依次是:CTWTF1。随着盐胁迫程度加大,三个品种(系)Na+含量均增高,而K+含量显著降低。盐胁迫处理下三个品种(系)的K+/Na+比均显著降低,而品种间降幅差异不大。盐胁迫强度的增加显著提高三个品种(系)根的K+、Na+的选择性比率(SK,Na),其增幅由大到小依次是:WTF1CT。在茎部,盐胁迫则显著降低了三个品种(系)的SK,Na,但是盐处理之间WT茎的变化甚小,而随着盐分强度的上升,CT茎SK,Na的降幅显著高于F1的。盐胁迫下三个品种(系)叶片的SK,Na均增加,但是随着盐度的增加,WT叶的SK,Na逐渐下降,而CT和F1的SK,Na逐渐上升,且F1的SK,Na上升显著高于CT的。综上所述,F1植株在维持离子稳态方面接近于野生亲本,尤其是叶片,导致F1不仅长势好,而且还具有较亲本更好的耐盐性。     

Protective role of proline against salt stress is partially related to the improvement of water status and peroxidase enzyme activity in cucumber

Abstract

A salt-sensitive cucumber cultivar “Jinchun No. 2” (Cucumis sativus L.) was used to investigate the role of proline in alleviating salt stress in cucumber. Proline was applied twice (day 0 and day 4 after salt treatment) as a foliar spray, with a volume of 25?mL per plant at each time. Plant dry weight, leaf relative water content, proline, malondialdehyde (MDA), Na⁺, K⁺ and Cl^? contents, as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities in the plants were determined at day 8 after salt treatment. The results showed that 100?mmol?L^–1 NaCl stress significantly decreased plant dry weight, leaf relative water and K⁺ contents, and increased leaf MDA, Na⁺ and Cl^? contents and SOD, POD, CAT and APX activities. However, leaf proline accumulation was not affected by salinity. The exogenous application of proline significantly alleviated the growth inhibition of plants induced by NaCl, and was accompanied by higher leaf relative water content and POD activity, higher proline and Cl^? contents, and lower MDA content and SOD activity. However, there was no significant difference in Na⁺ and K⁺ contents or in CAT and APX activities between proline-treated and untreated plants under salt stress. Taken together, these results suggested that the foliar application of proline was an effective way to improve the salt tolerance of cucumber. The enhanced salt tolerance could be partially attributed to the improved water status and peroxidase enzyme activity in the leaf.     

山梨醇螯合钙对NaCl胁迫下油菜种子萌发的影响

本文通过控制钙源种类(螯合态钙和游离态钙)、两种形态钙配比(不同螯合率)及螯合态钙浓度等3组试验探究山梨醇螯合钙对NaCl胁迫下油菜种子萌发的影响.结果表明:当培养液中NaCl浓度为150或170 mmol/L时严重影响油菜种子的萌发和胚根生长,添加两种形态钙后均能显著提高NaCl胁迫下种子活力和发芽率,促进胚根的生长...