Effects of first breeding age on the production and reproduction of Holstein heifers up to the third lactation

The effects of early initiation of first service for dairy heifers on their fertility and productivity up to the third lactation were examined under constant raising and management conditions. Eight Holstein heifers in their early breeding regimens and eight Holstein heifers in their late breeding regimens were initiated to be bred at 12 and 15 months of age, respectively, and were first calved at 21.5 and 25.1 months of age, respectively, with bodyweights of 563 and 638 kg after calving, respectively. Early first breeding resulted in a lower bodyweight and a lower body condition score, but it did not affect the fertility or milk production during the first lactation of heifers as cows. The calving intervals of cows to the second and third calving were similar in early and late bred heifers. Although the early bred heifers had a significantly lower fat‐corrected milk yield at the second lactation than that of the late bred heifers, early breeding did not impair the productivity indicated by the mean milk yield per day from birth to the end of the third lactation with a shorter production period.     

影响江苏某牛场荷斯坦牛日产奶量和乳成分因素分析

[目的]探究江苏某牛场荷斯坦牛日产奶量和乳成分的影响因素。[方法]试验采集了该规模化牛场2018—2020年139 703条测定数据,并利用多因素方差模型对其进行系统的分析。[结果]不同胎次、测定季节、产犊季节、泌乳月对荷斯坦牛日产奶量、乳脂率、乳蛋白率、体细胞评分、乳尿素氮均有极显著影响(P<0.01)。产奶量与乳脂率、乳蛋白率、体细胞评分均存在极显著负相关。[结论]综上结果,在生产中,应结合胎次、季节、产犊时间、泌乳等多种因素,灵活调整牛群结构、生产规划和饲养管理,以实现提高产奶量和乳品质的目的。     

不同蛋白质水平日粮对中国荷斯坦奶牛生产性能、氮消化和血液生化指标的影响

旨在研究饲粮不同粗蛋白质(CP)水平对中国荷斯坦奶牛乳尿素氮(MUN)、氮(N)消化及血液尿素氮(BUN)的影响。采用4×4拉丁方设计,16头经产中国荷斯坦奶牛随机分为4个处理。4个处理的饲粮能量相近,CP水平分别为12. 72%、13. 52%、14. 43%和15. 37%。试验分为4个周期,每个周期15 d,后5 d为样品收集期。奶样收集3 d,同时收集粪便,每期最后1 d晨饲前空腹采集血样。每天测量产奶量和干物质摄入量。结果:不同蛋白水平日粮奶牛干物质采食量(DMI)和产奶量组间差异不明显(P>0. 05),除了MUN随着饲粮CP水平的增加呈现增加趋势以外,其他乳成分影响不显著(P>0. 05),高蛋白质水平组MUN明显高于低蛋白组(P<0. 05)。随着饲粮CP水平的提高,氮的摄入量明显增加(P<0. 05),同时N的排泄量和消化率也不断增加,但组间无显著差异(P>0. 05)。BUN和MUN变化趋势基本一致,高蛋白质组的BUN明显高于低蛋白质组(P<0. 05),而对其他血液指标的影响不显著(P>0. 05)。在本试验条件下,不同蛋白质水平日粮能够影响中国荷斯坦奶牛MUN、BUN的变化,且两者变化趋势一致,而对产奶量、N消化率影响不明显,MUN可以代替BUN成为检测奶牛蛋白质营养状况的指标之一。     

Influence of dietary crude protein content on fattening performance and nitrogen excretion of Holstein steers

The objective was to investigate the influence of crude protein (CP) content in a fattening diet on feed intake, body weight gain, nitrogen excretion, and carcass traits in Holstein steers. Steers (initial body weight 241 ± 26 kg) consumed feed with the following CP content: (a) 17.7% during the early period (from 7 to 10 months of age) and 13.9% during the late period (from 11 to 18 months of age) (HIGH, n = 3), and (b) 16.2% during the early period and 12.2% during the late period (LOW, n = 4). The CP intake was lower in the LOW than the HIGH group. Urinary and total nitrogen excretion in the late period tended to be lower (p < .10) in the LOW than the HIGH group. However, growth performance and carcass traits were not affected by dietary CP content. Free histidine and total amino acid contents in the longissimus thoracis muscle tended to be higher (p < .10) in the HIGH than the LOW group, however, the CP contents were not affected by dietary CP content. The results of this experiment suggest that decreasing dietary CP to 16% (early period) or 12% (late period) of dry matter would reduce nitrogen excretion from Holstein fattening farms without affecting productivity.     

Effect of delaying the time of insemination with sex-sorted semen on pregnancy rate in Holstein heifers

The objective of the study was to evaluate the interval from onset of oestrus to time of artificial insemination (AI) to obtain the optimum pregnancy rate with sex-sorted semen in Holstein heifers. Heifers in oestrus were detected and inseminated only by using heat–rumination neck collar comprised electronic identification tag at the age of 13–14 months. Heifers (n = 283) were randomly assigned to one of three groups according to the timing of insemination at 12–16 hr (G1, n = 97), at 16.1–20 hr (G2, n = 94) and at 20.1–24 hr (G3, n = 92) after reaching the activity threshold. The mean duration of oestrus was 18.6 ± 0.1 hr, and mean peak activity was found at 7.5 ± 0.1 hr after activity threshold. The mean interval from activity threshold to ovulation was 29.4 ± 0.4 hr. The overall pregnancy per AI (P/AI) was 53.0% at 29–35 days and 50.9% at 60–66 days after AI. There was a significant reduction between G1 (13.8 ± 1.4 hr) and G3 (7.9 ± 1.4 hr) related to the intervals from AI to ovulation time. Sex-sorted semen resulted in significantly higher P/AI at 29–35 days when heifers inseminated in G3 (60.9%) after oestrus than those inseminated in G1 (49.5%) and G2 (48.9%). In terms of fertility, when the temperature–humidity index (THI) was below the threshold value (THI ≤65) at the time of AI, there was a tendency (≤65; 57.2% vs. > 65; 47.1%) for high pregnancy rate. There was no effect of sire on P/AI. In addition, the interaction of the technician with the time of AI was found significant, and three-way interaction of technician, sire and time of AI was tended to be significant on pregnancy rate. Thus, in addition to delaying the time of insemination (between 20.1 and 24 hr) after oestrous detection, THI and experienced technician were also found to be critical factors in increasing fertility with the use of sex-sorted semen in Holstein heifers.     

Feeding different dietary protein to energy ratios to Holstein heifers: effects on growth performance,blood metabolites and rumen fermentation parameters

Eighteen Chinese Holstein heifers average age 230 ± 14 days were allocated to 1 of 3 dietary crude protein (CP) to metabolizable energy (ME) ratios to examine the effects on growth performance, blood metabolites and rumen fermentation parameters with 90‐days experiment. Three different dietary CP:ME ratios were targeted based on the formulation of dietary CP contents of 10.85%, 12.78% and 14.63% on dry matter (DM) basis with similar ME contents (10.42 MJ/kg DM), which were categorized as low, medium and high dietary CP:ME ratios. The actual CP:ME ratios obtained in this study significantly increased from low to high CP:ME ratio groups with a value of 10.59, 11.83 and 13.38 g/MJ respectively. Elevated CP:ME ratios significantly increased CP intake (kg/day) and feed efficiency (FE) which was defined as dry matter intake as a proportion of average daily gain (ADG), whereas little difference was observed in body weight (kg), ADG (kg/day), DM intake (kg/day) and ME intake (MJ/day) among the three different CP:ME ratio groups. Increasing dietary CP to ME ratios significantly increased CP digestibility, whereas digestibility of DM and gross energy remained constant in the current experiment. Blood urea nitrogen and insulin‐like growth factor‐1 linearly increased with increasing dietary CP:ME ratios. There was significantly dietary treatment effect on rumen fermentation parameters including acetate, propionate, butyrate and total volatile fatty acids. Therefore, this study indicated that increasing dietary CP levels with similar energy content contributed to increased protein intake and its digestibility, as well as FE. Holstein heifers between 200 and 341 kg subjected to 13.38 dietary CP:ME ratio showed improved feed efficiency, nutrient digestibility, some blood metabolites and rumen fermentation characteristics for 0.90 kg/day rate of gain.     

Genome-wide association for milk production and lactation curve parameters in Holstein dairy cows

The aim of this study was to identify genomic regions associated with 305-day milk yield and lactation curve parameters on primiparous (n = 9,910) and multiparous (n = 11,158) Holstein cows. The SNP solutions were estimated using a weighted single-step genomic BLUP approach and imputed high-density panel (777k) genotypes. The proportion of genetic variance explained by windows of 50 consecutive SNP (with an average of 165 Kb) was calculated, and regions that accounted for more than 0.50% of the variance were used to search for candidate genes. Estimated heritabilities were 0.37, 0.34, 0.17, 0.12, 0.30 and 0.19, respectively, for 305-day milk yield, peak yield, peak time, ramp, scale and decay for primiparous cows. Genetic correlations of 305-day milk yield with peak yield, peak time, ramp, scale and decay in primiparous cows were 0.99, 0.63, 0.20, 0.97 and −0.52, respectively. The results identified three windows on BTA14 associated with 305-day milk yield and the parameters of lactation curve in primi- and multiparous cows. Previously proposed candidate genes for milk yield supported by this work include GRINA, CYHR1, FOXH1, TONSL, PPP1R16A, ARHGAP39, MAF1, OPLAH and MROH1, whereas newly identified candidate genes are MIR2308, ZNF7, ZNF34, SLURP1, MAFA and KIFC2 (BTA14). The protein lipidation biological process term, which plays a key role in controlling protein localization and function, was identified as the most important term enriched by the identified genes.     

Effects of high environmental temperatures on physiological and nutritional status of prepubertal Holstein heifers

A series of studies were carried out to determine the effects of increasing environmental temperature (20 to 28 to 33 °C) at a constant (60%) relative humidity on the physiological responses, energy and nitrogen balance of prepubertal Holstein heifers (n = 4, initial body weight = 198 ± 3 kg). The relatively high environmental temperatures of 28 and 33 °C increased rectal temperature by 0.2 and 1.2 °C and increased respiration by 23 and 58 breaths per min, respectively. At 28 °C, dry matter intake was similar to that at 20 °C, whereas at 33 °C dry matter intake was lower (P < 0.10) by about 9%. However, the dry matter digestibility was higher (P < 0.05) at 33 °C than at 20 °C, hence the thermal treatments did not affect daily weight gain. At 33 °C blood urea nitrogen increased whereas hematocrit and plasma glucose concentrations decreased. At 33 °C energy and nitrogen intake were lower (P < 0.10), while energy and nitrogen digestibility were higher at 33 °C than at 20 °C. Urinary nitrogen was elevated at 33 °C resulting in lower nitrogen retention. Although, energy retention as fat did not differ (P > 0.10) among the treatments, energy retention as protein was lower (P < 0.05) at 33 °C than at 20 °C or 28 °C. These results confirmed that the effects of environmental temperature on prepubertal heifers were severe above 28 °C.     

高锌日粮对奶牛产乳性能及血锌含量的影响

选择经产期和产奶量相近的健康中国荷斯坦奶牛50头,完全随机分成5组,每组10头,分别饲喂基础日粮及添加150mg/kg和300mg/kg的有机锌和无机锌日粮。结果表明:1)添加150mg/kg和300mg/kg的锌对牛奶中乳脂率、乳蛋白、乳糖和非脂固形物(SNF)含量无显著影响(P>0.05);2)无机锌对产奶量无显著影响(P>0.05),而添加有机锌则可显著提高奶牛产奶量(P<0.05);3)高锌可极显著(P<0.01)提高血锌和乳锌含量,而且血锌与乳锌之间存在线性相关(r=0.627,n=50)。     

荷斯坦青年牛初次配种妊娠月龄对头胎和二胎产奶量和繁殖性能的影响

旨在研究母牛初次配种妊娠月龄（age at first pregnancy,AFP）对其泌乳性能和主要繁殖性能的影响。本研究以我国北方地区2个规模化奶牛场13 927头荷斯坦母牛（A牧场8 091头,B牧场5 836头）的生产数据为基础,统计了母牛AFP、头胎和二胎的产奶量、产后首次发情时间、首次配种时间和首次受孕时间,然后将母牛根据AFP的早晚（12~19月龄）分为8组,对各试验组母牛的头胎和二胎产奶量和主要繁殖性能的数据进行比较分析。结果表明：1）2个规模化奶牛场荷斯坦青年牛AFP以13和14月龄为主（总占比70.1%）;2）AFP可显著影响荷斯坦青年牛头胎和二胎的305 d产奶量（P<0.05）,其中AFP为14月龄时A牧场头胎和二胎305 d产奶量均最高,分别为15 102和15 534 kg;3）AFP可显著影响荷斯坦青年牛头胎和二胎产后首次发情时间和受孕时间（P<0.05）,AFP为14月龄时头胎产后首次发情和受孕情况最优;4）对于产后首配时间,除A牧场头胎AFP为16月龄时产后首次配种时间显著高于AFP为17月龄时（P<0.05）外,其余各组间均无显著性差异（P ≥ 0.05）,并且各组间配种时间相差≤ 5 d;5）通过对A牧场在场牛（2 703头）与淘汰牛（660头）的AFP记录数据分析发现,在场牛的AFP为14.52月龄,显著高于淘汰牛的AFP（P<0.05）。因此,在北方地区现有的生产管理水平下,14月龄可能是荷斯坦青年牛最适宜的初次配种妊娠月龄,这对我国规模化奶牛场选择荷斯坦青年牛适宜的初次配种月龄具有一定参考价值。     

Effect of dietary crude protein level on growth performance,blood characteristics,and indicators of intestinal health in weanling pigs

An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that reducing crude protein (CP) in starter diets for pigs reduces post-weaning diarrhea and improves intestinal health. In total, 180 weanling pigs were allotted to 3 diets containing 22, 19, or 16% CP. Fecal scores were visually assessed every other day. Blood samples were collected from 1 pig per pen on days 1, 6, 13, 20, and 27, and 1 pig per pen was euthanized on day 12. Results indicated that reducing dietary CP reduced (P < 0.01) overall average daily gain, gain to feed ratio, final body weight, and fecal scores of pigs. Pigs fed the 16% CP diet had reduced (P < 0.01) serum albumin compared with pigs fed other diets. Blood urea nitrogen, haptoglobin, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6 concentrations in serum were greatest (P < 0.01) on day 13, whereas tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-10 concentrations were greatest (P < 0.01) on day 6. Villus height in the jejunum increased (P < 0.05) and crypt depth in the ileum was reduced (P < 0.01) if the 19% CP diet was fed to pigs compared with the 22% CP diet. A reduction (P < 0.05) in mRNA abundance of interferon-γ, chemokine ligand 10, occludin, trefoil factor-2, trefoil factor-3, and mucin 2 was observed when pigs were fed diets with 16% CP. In conclusion, reducing CP in diets for weanling pigs reduces fecal score and expression of genes associated with inflammation.     

能量蛋白水平对4～6周龄肉仔鸡生产性能的影响

本试验通过研究日粮能量蛋白水平对4～6周龄肉仔鸡生产性能的影响,建立起体增重、耗料量和日粮能蛋水平之间的回归关系模型。根据市场行情和建立的模型,筛选具有最佳效益的能蛋水平。3周龄来源相同、体重均匀的AA肉仔鸡1440只,采用代谢能和粗蛋白3×4随机交叉试验设计,共分12个组,每组4个重复,每重复30只鸡。试验期为4～6周。玉米-豆粕型日粮,代谢能的3个水平分别为12.55、12.76、12.97MJ/kg;粗蛋白的4个水平分别为18%、19%、20%、21%。结果表明:1.日粮能量蛋白水平对肉仔鸡各周龄的体增重影响规律不一致,为了达到较大的体增重,按周龄配制日粮能更好地满足营养需要;2.体增重最大时的日粮营养水平不一定就是利润最大的营养水平,我们可根据市场行情以及体增重和耗料量与日粮能量蛋白水平之间的关系模型,选择具有最佳经济效益的能量蛋白水平。     

不同代谢葡萄糖水平饲粮对8～10月龄后备奶牛生长发育、营养物质消化率和血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究不同代谢葡萄糖水平饲粮对8～ 10月龄荷斯坦后备奶牛生长发育、营养物质消化率和血清生化指标的影响.试验选用24头月龄、体重接近的健康荷斯坦后备奶牛,随机分为4组,每组6头牛,分别饲喂代谢葡萄糖水平为86.43(A组)、99.93(B组)、113.59(C组)和126.42∥kg(D组)的4种试验饲粮,试验期60 d.在试验期开始当天、第30天、第60天测定生长发育指标和血清生化指标;在试验期第21 ～ 25天、第51～55天,采用酸不溶灰分(AIA)法进行消化试验,测定营养物质消化率.结果表明:1)随着饲粮代谢葡萄糖水平的提高,后备奶牛平均日增重呈先升高后趋于稳定的趋势,A、B、C、D组平均日增重分别为0.49、0.71、0.87、0.87 kg/d,A组显著低于B组(P＜0.05),极显著低于C和D组(P＜0.01).同一时间点各组后备奶牛体高、体斜长、胸围、腹围和管围接近.2)第30天和第60天,A组血清尿素氮含量均显著高于C组(P＜0.05),第30天,B组血清胰岛素含量极显著低于C组(P＜0.01).3)饲粮代谢葡萄糖水平对后备奶牛营养物质消化率无显著影响(P＞0.05).综合得出,饲粮代谢葡萄糖水平为113.59g/kg时能满足8～10月龄荷斯坦后备奶牛0.8～ 1.0 kg/d日增重的需要.     

Effects of reducing dietary crude protein on growth performance, odor gas emission from manure and blood urea nitrogen and IGF-1 concentrations of serum in nursery pigs

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of reducing dietary crude protein on growth performance, odor gas emission from manure and blood urea nitrogen and IGF-1 concentrations of serum in nursery pigs. In experiment 1, the dietary treatments were (i) CON (CP 19.5%) and (ii) T1 (CP 16.0%). In feces samples, NH₃, H₂S, acetic acid and butyric acid emissions during the T1 treatment were lower than during the CON treatment ( P  < 0.05). In feces-urine samples, NH₃ emission during the T1 treatment was lower than during the CON treatment ( P  < 0.05). In experiment 2, 28 crossbred (Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc) pigs (13.58 ± 0.10 kg) were used for a 42-day growth trial. Throughout the entire experimental period, ADG and ADFI of the CON treatment were higher than the T1 treatment ( P  < 0.05). On day 14, N digestibility in pigs fed the CON diet was higher than that of pigs fed the T1 diet ( P  < 0.05). On days 28 and 42, DM digestibility of the CON diet was greater than the T1 treatment ( P  < 0.05). On dat 42, serum BUN concentration of pigs fed the CON diet was higher than that of pigs fed the T1 diet ( P  < 0.05). In conclusion, these results indicate that reduction in dietary CP concentration decreased NH₃, H₂S and VFA emissions in feces and growth performance in nursery pigs.     

不同蛋白质水平代乳品对羔羊生长性能的影响

代乳品蛋白质由膨化大豆粉、奶粉、玉米蛋白粉等组成,其水平按一定梯度设计,组成1号、2号、3号、4号四种饲粮。饲养试验选用陶赛特×小尾寒羊F1代的初生公、母羔羊各25只,随机分成5组,每组10只(5♂+5♀),Ⅰ组～Ⅳ组分别饲喂1号～4号代乳品,第Ⅴ组为对照组,自然哺乳。试验结果表明:代乳品蛋白质水平较高者,更有利于羔羊体尺的增加,第Ⅳ组羔羊体高、体长指标和平均日增重好于其它各试验组,但略逊于对照组。     

The relationship between responsiveness of first-lactation heifers to humans and the behavioral response to milking and milk production measures

The human–animal relationship can influence how an animal responds to situations involving humans and affect animal well-being and production. The objectives of this research were to (1) determine if there is a relationship between the behavioral reactivity of New Zealand dairy heifers toward humans and the behavioral response to cluster placement during milking and milk production measures and (2) determine if this relationship changes as heifers become habituated to the milking process. A total of 150 primiparous heifers were randomly selected from 3 commercial dairy farms. Approximately 1 month before calving, 2 behavioral tests, avoidance distance in response to an approaching human and exit speed from a restraint, were performed on 50 heifers at each farm. For each heifer, behavioral observations were recorded during the morning milking period (during the first and sixth weeks of lactation). Behaviors recorded during cluster placement at milking included flinching, stepping, and/or kicking (FSK). Milk yields, milking durations, and average milk flow rates were recorded for each individual heifer during the first and sixth weeks of lactation. Avoidance distance and exit speed were positively correlated (P < 0.001). The FSK response during cluster placement was negatively (P < 0.01) correlated with exit speed during week 6 of lactation, but there was no relationship (P > 0.05) between avoidance distance and FSK. Avoidance distance was positively (P < 0.005) correlated with milk flow rates during weeks 1 and 6 of lactation and milk yields (P < 0.01) during week 6 of lactation. However, there was no relationship (P > 0.05) between exit speed and milk yields, durations, or flow rates. Furthermore, the FSK response was negatively (P < 0.05) correlated with milk yield during weeks 1 and 6 of lactation. Therefore, the behavioral response of heifers toward humans and the milking process appears to be related to milk production measures.     

Effects of white,yellow, and blue colored LEDs on milk production,milk composition,and physiological responses in dairy cattle

Light emitting diode (LED) is more energy efficient than incandescent or fluorescent light. This study was to evaluate effects of different colored LEDs on milk production, milk composition, and physiology of Holstein cow. According to milk production and parity, cows (n = 186) were allotted to four treatments: control (natural daylight), white, yellow, and blue LED groups. Of these, 40 cows that had passed 57 day‐in‐milk were used. Yellow and blue LED groups demonstrated greater rates of decline in milk production than control and white LED groups. At the finish point, milk fat, protein, and lactose contents were the lowest in the blue LED group, whereas milk–urea–nitrogen levels were the highest in the yellow and blue LED groups. Extended exposure to blue LED light lowered antioxidant enzyme activity and insulin‐like growth factor‐1 levels. Prolactin concentrations were higher in the white and blue LED groups than in the control. Cortisol level was the highest in the blue LED group among the groups. Nonesterified fatty acid levels in the yellow and blue LED groups decreased to the greatest extent compared to the start point. These results suggest that blue LED light can decrease milk production and generate more stress than white and yellow LED lights.     

肉用仔鹅饲粮适宜粗纤维和粗蛋白水平的研究

采用3×3因子的析因设计,将189只1日龄健康肉用仔鹅随机分成9组,每组3个重复,每个重复7只;将日粮的粗纤维和粗蛋白分前、后期各设低、中、高3个水平,构成9个处理,18种日粮,研究不同粗纤维和粗蛋白水平对1~35日龄(前期)、36~63日龄(后期)肉仔鹅生长性能和营养物质利用率的影响。结果:1~35日龄肉仔鹅对日粮中粗纤维水平非常敏感,但对蛋白质水平要求不高;低纤维水平日粮组日增重与料重比明显好于中、高纤维组(P<0.01),日粮粗纤维和粗蛋白水平极显著影响鹅对能量和蛋白质的利用率(P<0.01);1~35日龄肉仔鹅饲粮粗纤维水平以3.5%、粗蛋白水平以17%~19%为宜。36~63日龄,较低的粗蛋白水平即可满足鹅的需要;高纤维水平日粮组鹅的日增重与料重比明显好于低纤维水平组(P<0.01);日粮粗纤维和粗蛋白水平极显著影响鹅对能量和蛋白质的利用率(P<0.01)。试验表明36~63日龄肉仔鹅饲粮适宜粗纤维水平为10%,粗蛋白水平为14%。     

不同微生态制剂对奶牛产奶性能和乳品质的影响

[目的]研究旨在探讨不同微生态制剂对奶牛产奶性能和乳品质的影响,[方法]将40头荷斯坦奶牛随机分成4个处理组,对照组饲喂基础日粮,微生态制剂1组、微生态制剂2组、微生态制剂3组分别在基础日粮中添加0.1%的三种微生态制剂产品。[结果]结果显示：与对照组相比,微生态制剂1组、微生态制剂2组、微生态制剂3组的平均日产奶量、乳蛋白率均显著增加（P＜0.05）,体细胞数均显著降低（P＜0.05）。与对照组相比,微生态制剂1组的平均日采食量、乳脂率均显著增加（P＜0.05）,料奶比显著降低（P＜0.05）。与微生态制剂2组相比,微生态制剂1组的平均日产奶量、乳蛋白率均显著增加（P＜0.05）。[结论]说明三种微生态制剂产品均能在一定程度上提高奶牛的产奶性能和乳品质,以微生态制剂产品1的作用效果最好。     

日粮粗纤维水平对鹅生产性能、代谢激素和生化指标的影响

以500只29日龄生长鹅为试验动物,以砻糠和玉米秸秆为主要纤维源,进行28 d的饲养试验,研究日粮在等能量等蛋白水平下,不同粗纤维(crude fiber,CF)水平(3%、5%、7%、9%和11%)对鹅生产性能、代谢激素和血清生化指标的影响。结果表明:随着日粮粗纤维水平的增加,生长鹅的日采食量呈增加的趋势,但各处理组间差异不显著(P>0.05),饲料转化率和日增重呈先增加后减少的趋势(P<0.05);5?组与7?组生长鹅的生产性能最佳,与11?组相比,日增重分别提高了22.60%与24.25%(P<0.05),饲料转化率分别改善了22.65%与21.74%(P<0.05);日粮粗纤维水平对生长鹅血清中血糖(GLU)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、生长激素(GH)和IGF-I有显著影响(P<0.05),而对尿酸(UA)、总蛋白(TP)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、胰高血糖素(GLU)、胰岛素(INS)、促甲状腺素(TSH)、三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T3)和甲状腺素(T4)均无显著影响(P>0.05)。