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超高产水稻生理育种研究进展 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3
综述了超高产水稻根系活力及其影响因子,光合作用机理及其产量实现过程,茎的转运和调节机制等方面的研究进展。提出了水稻超高产生理育种要加强产量及其相关生理性状在细胞水平生理过程和形态水平目标性状的构成相互关联的研究。在分子水平上建立实现水稻高产优势的生理学基础,利用生物信息学的研究手段,从分子到群体不同生理层次相互依存关系,通过计算机模拟仿真,逐步实现水稻超高产设计数字化生理育种。 相似文献
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2006-2007年广西杂交稻区试回顾及发展商榷 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
回顾了广西杂交水稻区试历程,通过对2006、2007年广西杂交稻区试结果进行具体分析,肯定成绩,发现问题,并提出对今后发展方向的建议。2年来的区试结果表明,广西杂交水稻区试的参试组合类型配套齐全丰富,在选育组合数量,产量水平及稻米品质方面取得较大进步。但是存在着一些影响育种突破的重要问题。首先,参试组合很难在抗病虫上有所突破。其次,参试组合的综合性状有待进一步提高。今后,杂交水稻育种应扩大遗传基础,加大籼粳稻种质的遗传利用,加强野生稻优异种质的利用,把抗性育种放到主要议事日程,进一步促进杂交水稻综合性状的改良与协调,向超高产稻方向发展。 相似文献
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《分子植物育种》2017,(12)
片是作物光合作用与呼吸作用的重要场所,同时也作为蒸腾作用的主要调节器官。其形态构成与转录因子、激素以及小RNA相关并受其调控,深入探究叶片发育的网络调控机理对高光效育种工作具有非常重要的意义。窄叶性状是叶形态的一种,在超高产株型育种中偏向选择窄叶,窄叶是株型构成非常重要方面,而株型与作物产量又密不可分,因此水稻窄叶作为一种叶型农艺性状,在株型育种中具有非常重要的应用价值。本研究归纳总结了至今为止已定位克隆的水稻窄叶突变体相关基因及其调控机理,并进一步探讨窄叶突变体基因的一因多效型,分析其在育种中的应用,以期为水稻株型育种中叶型性状的选择提供理论依据。 相似文献
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莫曾梅 《农产品加工.学刊》2019,(7):78-80
随着生活水平的提高,果蔬产品成为人们摄取营养元素的重要食品之一。分析了我国果蔬采后存在的问题,并对低温及气调保鲜、化学保鲜剂、涂膜保鲜技术及超声保鲜技术等贮藏保鲜技术研究进行了综述,指出我国果蔬贮藏保鲜技术持续、稳定、健康的发展要倚重于科技创新。 相似文献
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Oil and protein crops are of growing importance in cropping systems. This study was carried out to compare oil crops of linseed, rapeseed, sunflower and protein crops of faba bean and white lupin for grain production, residual plant dry matter and nitrogen. Two field experiments with either oil or protein crops were conducted in 1993 and 1994, respectively. Total dry matter production, grain yield, residues, N concentrations and mineral N in the soil were measured. Dry matter production and distribution as well as N uptake and residues varied greatly among species and between years. In 1993, oil crops gave up to 3 t ha−1 grain and 16 t ha−1 residues with sunflower, while in 1994 up to 5 and 11 t ha−1, respectively, were recorded with winter rape. Protein crops showed an opposite reaction in years. Nitrogen uptake and residual N amounts were correlated with dry matter production. Plant residues of oil crops contained 20–140 kg N ha−1; those of protein crops up to 80 kg N ha−1. Despite the variation of residual plant N the variability of mineral N in the soil at harvest was hardly influenced by crops and amounted to only 20–50 kg NO−3-N ha−1. 相似文献
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我国蔬菜产业和科学技术的发展与展望 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
1 我国蔬菜产业的发展现状蔬菜是人们日常生活中不可缺少的副食品,也是我国目前种植业中最具活力的经济作物。改革开放以来,随着市场经济的发展,农产品产销体制的不断改革和完善,特别是1988年实施“菜篮子工程”以来,蔬菜产业得到了蓬勃发展。1.1 播种面积1987~1999年,全国蔬菜播种面积由533.3万hm2,发展到1333.3万hm2,增长139.5%。1.2 总产量1987~1999年,全国蔬菜总产量由1.55亿t增加到4.05亿t,增长161.3%,使年人均鲜菜占有量达到330.7kg(世界各国人均105kg…… 相似文献
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以Y05-222A和Y06-136R杂交得到的135株F2群体为研究材料,测定过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、脯氨酸(Pro)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、可溶性蛋白和丙二醛(MDA)等6个生理指标,并进行方差分析、相关性分析和通径分析,对F2群体进行偏度及峰度分析。结果显示,以上6个生理指标在F2群体中P>0.05,分布频率符合正态分布,同时存在双向超亲分离现象;相关性分析和通径分析显示,这些指标与抗盐碱系数均呈极显著相关(正相关或负相关),且相关系数与总间接通径系数方向一致。POD活性的直接通径系数为0.5003,可见POD直接影响抗盐碱性;CAT活性和Pro含量的直接通径系数分别为-0.1317和-0.0384,间接影响抗盐碱性;SOD活性、MDA及可溶性蛋白含量直接或间接影响抗盐碱性。POD、SOD、Pro、CAT、可溶性蛋白和MDA各生理指标的抗盐碱作用表现为POD>CAT>Pro>可溶性蛋白>MDA>SOD。叶片数、株高、茎粗和盘径与抗盐碱系数呈极显著正相关,其相关性表现为叶片数>盘径>株高>茎粗。以上结果可为研究油用向日葵抗盐碱性提供一定的理论基础。 相似文献
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LI Zhi-liang~ 《保鲜与加工》2004,(7):82-85
Some novel concepts of chemomics/molomics are proposed including hydrocarbomics, alcophenomics, carboxomics, pepitomics, metabonomics, etc. like genomics, protomics and glycomics in bioomics. Some examples are given to demonstrate the chemomics and/or molomics methodology and technology based chemoinformatics and bioinformatics and their wide applications in Chemistry and Biology. 相似文献
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果蔬食品的褐变与控制 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
结合生产实际,对果蔬食品产生褐变的机理及其控制途径进行探讨。通过遗传学途径,培育果蔬新品种,使之不含易氧化变色物质,增强其天然抗褐变性,是控制果蔬褐变的根本途径。 相似文献
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《Journal of Landscape Research》2013,(Z1)
Definition of Fengshui and the theories of selecting mountain and water environment in Fengshui were elaborated. Theories about mountain-water relationship were expounded from the perspective of piling of rockeries and layout of water, a residential area in Hefei City, Beijing Olympics Park, Hangzhou Prince Bay Park, mineral pit of Shanghai Chenshan Botanic Garden, Beijing Beihai Park, Shanghai Changfeng Park were taken for example to demonstrate the influence of traditional rockery and mountain layout in Fengshui on modern landscape design. 相似文献
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Acidity and sweetness in apple and pear 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Summary Sweetness and acidity in apple and pear inherit independently and can be organoleptically evaluated separately, but less accurately in pear than in apple. For breeding purposes an analysis of fruits for acidity and sweetness with pH indicator paper and a hand refractometer is to be prefered to the organoleptic method.In apple, the acidity-decreasing with time-of the unripe fruit was already strongly indicative of that of the eating-ripe fruit; sugar-increasing with time-not before the fruit was picking ripe. Sugar content in apple and pear, and the pH in pear, appeared to be normally distributed; the pH in apple showed a segregation into an acid and a low-acid group, which occurred in both the unripe and ripe stage. The segregation ratio between these groups was found to be highly variable. On the whole, the mean acidity and sugar content of apple and pear progenies is significantly determined by that of the parents. Most of the observations made did not support the theory that low acidity in apple is determined by one recessive gene. The relationship between the pH of leaf juice and fruit juice in apple may offer a possibility for pre-selection. 相似文献