玫瑰黄链霉菌Men-myco-93-63及其抗生素高产菌株差异蛋白分析

玫瑰黄链霉菌(Streptomyces roscoflavus)Men-myeo-93-63是分离自马铃薯疮痂病自然衰退土壤中的一株拮抗菌.该菌株及其发酵液对棉花黄萎病菌(Verticillium dahliae)和瓜类白粉病菌(Sphaerotheca fuliginea Poll)等多种重要的植物病原真菌表现出较强的抑制作用,具有良好的生防应用潜力.利用蛋白质双向凝胶电泳技术研究了Men-myco-93-63与其抗生素高产菌株D12-3之间的蛋白质表达差异.通过优化条件,建立了一套适合该生防菌的双向电泳体系.通过比较蛋白质图谱的差异,发现了4个差异蛋白.质谱分析表明,这4个蛋白点分别为聚羟基脂肪酸(PHAs)的包涵体蛋白(PhaP)、B-内酰胺酶(Beta-lac-tamase)、甲基接受趋化蛋白(methyl-accepting chemotaxisp rotein)和ABC转运体(ABC transporter,ATP-binding protein).这些蛋白可能与该生防菌的拮抗活性有关.     

玫瑰黄链霉菌Men-myco-93-63及其抗生素高产菌株差异蛋白分析

玫瑰黄链霉菌Men-myco-93-63是分离自马铃薯疮痂病自然衰退土壤中的一株拮抗菌。前期研究表明,该菌株及其发酵液对棉花黄萎病菌、瓜类白粉病菌等多种重要的植物病原真菌具有较强的抑制作用,具有良好的生防应用潜力。本文利用蛋白质双向凝胶电泳技术研究了Men-myco-93-63与其抗生素高产菌株D12-3之间的蛋白质表达差异。通过优化条件,建立了一套适合该生防菌的双向电泳体系。通过比较蛋白质图谱的差异,发现了四个差异蛋白,质普分析表明,四个蛋白点分别为聚羟基脂肪酸（PHAs）的包涵体蛋白（PhaP）,β-内酰胺酶(Beta-lactamase),甲基接受趋化蛋白(methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein)和ABC转运体(ABC transporter, ATP-binding protein),这些蛋白可能与该生防菌的抗性有关.     

黄瓜抗西瓜花叶病毒性状的序列特征性扩增区域(SCAR)标记

以抗西瓜花叶病毒 (Watermelon mosaic virus, WMV)的黄瓜（Cucumis sativus）品种秋棚和感该病毒的欧洲八号为亲本,构建了120个F6重组自交系群体。根据苗期抗病接种鉴定结果进行遗传分析,发现黄瓜抗WMV的基因是由隐性单基因控制。利用集团分离分析法和相关分子标记技术,获得的特异片段E-ACT/M-CTT-427与WMV的抗性基因连锁,连锁距离为8 cM。双亲差异片段测序结果显示感病亲本目标片段存在6个T碱基的缺失。根据测序结果设计了1对与目的基因遗传距离为8 cM的序列特征性扩增区域(SCAR)引物,该引物可用于黄瓜抗WMV病毒的分子标记辅助育种。     

甘蔗祖亲种RAPD标记的序列特征性片段扩增区域（SCAR）转化分析

采用RAPD标记技术获得了甘蔗(Saccharum)亲本种RSp2、RSp5、RSp6、RSo13和RSp16 5个RAPD标记特异片段.根据这5个特异片段的测序结果,设计了15对特征性片段扩增区域(SCAR)标记引物,并经SCAR标记特异引物筛选,ZT51、ZT52、ZT53、ZT55及ZT56为割手密种特异引物.RSp2这一甘蔗割手密种特异的RAPD标记被成功转化为割手密种(S.spontaneum)特异SCAR标记,记为ZT51-439.在甘蔗种质检测时,能在崖城割手密、印度割手密及部分云南割手密亲本种中特异检测出,并在具有割手密血缘的47份栽培种中均能检测到明显而唯一的439 bp割手密种特异条带.     

乙烯利处理对棉花子叶DNA表观遗传变化的甲基化敏感扩增多态性(MSAP)分析

棉花(Gossypium hirsutum L.)叶片早衰影响棉花产量和棉纤维质量,而乙烯利是一种重要的植物生长调节剂,对促进植物组织衰老有重要作用。DNA甲基化是表观遗传调控的重要组成部分,在高等植物的基因表达调控中发挥了重要作用。本研究应用甲基化敏感扩增多态性(methylation sensitive amplified polymorphism,MSAP)技术,探讨在不同乙烯利水平处理下,棉花子叶DNA甲基化水平和甲基化变化模式。结果显示,经300、500和700 mg/L乙烯利处理后,棉花子叶DNA甲基化比值分别为32.99%、35.45%和37.49%,都低于对照组(37.92%);和对照组相比,经不同浓度乙烯利处理后,棉花子叶DNA发生甲基化变化位点的比率分别是2.71%、3.63%和4.88%,而去甲基化位点的比率分别为10.66%、9.84%和9.23%,并且随着乙烯利浓度的增加,棉花子叶DNA甲基化位点与去甲基化位点之比逐渐提高;本研究鉴定了17个MSAP差异基因片段,这些片段与NCBI中已知的功能基因存在同源性,包括果胶甲酯酶基因、细胞色素P450、乙醇脱氢酶基因、肌动蛋白解聚因子、翻译延伸因子等和乙烯利诱导棉花子叶衰老相关基因。研究结果提示,在乙烯诱导棉花子叶衰老的进程中,DNA甲基化参与了棉花子叶衰老的调控,为从基因组水平上揭示乙烯诱导棉花衰老的调控机制提供理论依据。     

低温解除牡丹休眠进程中基因组DNA甲基化敏感扩增多态性(MSAP)分析

DNA甲基化是表观遗传调控的重要组成部分,在真核生物的基因表达调控中发挥了重要作用。本实验研究了感受0、6、12、18和24d4℃低温的牡丹(Paeonia suffruticosa)鲁荷红移入温室后的萌动和开花表现,并对其进行了甲基化敏感扩增多态性(methylation sensitive amplified polymorphism,MSAP)分析。结果表明,4℃低温处理18d可解除鲁荷红内休眠,继续增加低温则进入生态休眠阶段。MASP分析表明,牡丹内休眠期间花芽内DNA甲基化程度很高,甲基化位点占总位点比率的60%以上,以半甲基化为主,在低温处理进程中,甲基化水平总体呈下降趋势。与未经低温的对照相比,约50%的位点发生了甲基化模式变化,低温6、12、18和24d去甲基化位点数和比例分别为97(17.1%)、104(18.6%)、148(24.6%)和218(36.1%),过甲基化的位点数分别为197(34.7%)、137(24.6%)、95(15.8%)和79(13.1%)。研究结果提示,DNA甲基化参与了牡丹内休眠的调控。     

芽孢杆菌TS01的ARDRA评估和遗传分析

利用自主分离的芽孢杆菌菌株TS01和15种芽孢杆菌(地衣芽孢杆菌,枯草芽孢杆菌,短小芽孢杆菌,巨大芽孢杆菌,凝结芽孢杆菌,蜡状芽孢杆菌,迟缓芽孢杆菌,苏云金芽孢杆菌,嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌,解淀粉芽孢杆菌,环状芽孢杆菌,球形芽孢杆菌,侧孢短芽孢杆菌,多粘类芽孢杆菌,泛酸枝芽孢杆菌)模式菌种进行ARDRA分析。采用16S rDNA通用引物16S-27和16S-1525进行PCR扩增,16S rDNA扩增片段经六种限制性酶（Alu I、Taq I、Mse I、Bst UI、Hha I和Tsp509 I）酶切电泳,获得了TS01菌株的特征性ARDRA指纹图谱。ARDRA图谱通过GelcomparⅡ软件进行聚类分析(UPGMA),结果表明菌株TS01和地衣芽孢杆菌处于同一分支,亲缘关系最近。ARDRA分析鉴定结果与实验室前期菌株TS01形态、生化鉴定和16S rDNA序列分析结果一致,TS01是一株地衣芽孢杆菌菌株,从而证明ARDRA技术在菌种水平上对芽孢杆菌TS01进行鉴别具有可靠性。     

AFLP分析江西省4个斑点叉尾鮰养殖群体遗传多样性

本文运用AFLP分子标记技术,对江西省4个斑点叉尾鮰(Ictalurus punctatus)养殖群体(GZ、XJ、PYA和PYB)进行遗传多样性分析。结果表明,在64对引物组合中,E3/M2、E4/M7、E3/M8和E5/M5引物从4个群体72个体中共扩增出179个位点,其中多态位点为109,占60.89%。其中,PYA、GZ、XJ和PYB群体的多态位点比例(P)分别为56.54%、56.47%、56.32%和56.14%。Shannon多样性指数(I)分别为0.2890、0.3003、0.2896和0.2852,平均杂合度(H)分别为0.1935、0.2027、0.1938和0.1898。4个群体间的遗传分化系数(Gst)为0.1314,说明群体间发生了一定程度的遗传分化,但分子方差分析(AMOVA)显示,群体的遗传变异90.98%来源于群体内的个体间,9.02%来源于群体间。聚类分析也表明,4个群体所产生的遗传分化主要也来源于群体内。本研究为斑点叉尾鮰种质资源的调查和保护提供参考,为斑点叉尾鮰优良品种的选育提供科学依据。     

Analysis of Genetic Diversity and Relationships in Waxy Rice (Oryza sativa L.) using AFLP and ISSR Markers

Opaque endosperm is the main phenotypic indicator for waxy rice, but other phenotypic and genotypic variation among waxy rice accessions has largely been ignored. Previous studies showed that wide diversity in starch physiochemical properties exists in both indica and japonica waxy rices, especially for starch gelatinization temperature (GT) which could be divided into a high- and a low-GT group. In the present study, amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) molecular markers were employed to examine genetic diversity and relationships of 56 waxy rice accessions. A total of 358 AFLP fragments were amplified with five primer combinations, showing a high level of polymorphism (78.3%). A total of 190 ISSR bands were generated with a single primer and a primer pair, showing a very high level of polymorphism (92.2%). The genetic distance matrices obtained from the two sets of markers were significantly correlated (r = 0.731, P = 0.004). The dendrogram generated with combined AFLP and ISSR markers could clearly differentiate the indica and japonica groups. Newly released varieties and breeding lines within each subspecies tended to be clustered together, whereas landraces were more distantly placed in the dendrogram. Only one AFLP band was found specific to the indica type, while no specific bands were found for starch GT. The implications for the conservation and breeding of waxy rice are discussed.     

Genetic Relationships and Variation among Biotypes of Dallisgrass (Paspalum dilatatum Poir.) and Related Species Using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Markers

The genus Paspalum L. consists of more than 400 species. Around twenty-five informal groups of species are recognized in Paspalum and the Dilatata group is of special interest because its members are excellent potential forage grasses. Seventy-five germplasm accessions, representing 15 taxa, were analyzed using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Polymorphisms were observed with twenty-two primers in the Dilatata group and 16 of those were analyzed. Four hundred and four different RAPD fragments were generated, resulting in an average of 25.2 bands per primer. Among the 404 markers analyzed, 48 (11.88%) were exclusive for the P. dilatatum Poir. biotypes, 31 (7.67%) were exclusive to taxa belonging to other groups included in this study, 28 markers (6.93%) were diagnosed for other species of the Dilatata group and 16 (3.96%), for natural hybrids. Extensive RAPD variation was found among the species studied. Inter- and intra-taxonomic polymorphisms were detected. A dendrogram based on the RAPD data shows some clusters corresponding to the same taxa. However, the biotypes of P. dilatatum do not form a cluster. The present work confirms that the RAPD technique can be used to determine genetic relationships between the taxa belonging to the Dilatata group.     

部分柿属植物IRAP反应体系的建立和指纹图谱构建

为建立柿属(Diospyros)植物反转录转座子间扩增多态性(IRAP)技术体系,对IRAP分析中影响PCR扩增结果的若干因子进行了研究。确立了适合柿属植物IRAP分析的技术体系:20μL反应体系中,1×Buffer、模板DNA50ng、Mg2 2.0mmol/L、dNTPs0.25mmol/L、引物0.40μmol/L、TaqDNA聚合酶1.0U,矿物油20μL;PCR扩增程序:95℃5min;95℃1min,56℃1min,升温速率 0.6℃/s,72℃2min,循环44次;72℃延伸8min。该优化体系在7种柿属植物33个基因型的I-RAP分析中获得较理想的扩增结果,扩增片段120～1500bp,不同种和柿种以下不同品种间扩增条带总数和带谱相同。每个基因型都有其独特的指纹图谱,可作为区分不同基因型的依据,尤其芽变品种的鉴别。