玉树地区流浪犬细小病毒病血清学调查

<正>犬细小病毒病是由犬细小病毒(CPV)引起的犬科动物的一种急性传染病。临床特征是剧烈呕吐、出血性肠炎、血型水样便、脱水、白细胞显著减少和心肌炎[1]。该病发病率高、传染性强、死亡率高,是危害我国养犬业最为严重的传染病之一。玉树地区为我国著名獒乡,据不完全统计犬的数量大约在5万条以上,由于特殊的养殖环境和养殖模式,致使该地区流浪犬数量也较多,大约占到总犬数的3%左右,为掌握玉树地区流浪犬细小病毒感染情况,有效控制     

犬传染性肝炎的诊疗

<正>犬传染性肝炎是由犬腺病毒引起的一种急性、败血性传染病。临床上以马鞍型高热,严重血凝不良,肝脏受损,角膜混浊等为主要特征。该病也是目前对养犬业危害较大的传染病之一。1病原犬传染性肝炎病毒属于腺病毒。犬的腺病毒分为CA-Ⅰ型和CA-Ⅱ型。CA-Ⅰ型是引起犬传染性肝炎的病原,称为犬传染性肝炎病毒;CA-Ⅱ型型是引起犬传染性支气管炎的病原。犬传染性肝炎病毒与人的病毒性肝炎无关,对外界环     

用聚合酶链反应检测犬传染性肝炎的研究

应用聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）对人工感染犬传染性肝炎病毒（ＩＣＨＶ）的犬进行定期尿检,并以血凝和血抑制试验及病毒分离进行比较。结果表明,用ＰＣＲ方法可以快速检出排毒的犬,其灵敏度是血凝效价的上百倍。     

锦州地区犬流感的血清学调查

为了解辽宁省锦州地区犬流感的感染情况,于2010年9月至2011年5月收集了锦州地区10家宠物医院就诊犬、农家犬、流浪犬共158份血清样本,通过血凝抑制(HI)试验对犬流感进行了血清学调查。结果表明:158份血清样品中抗体阳性率为15.2%,其中H5抗体阳性率为3.2%,H3亚型抗体阳性率为10.8%,H9抗体阳性率为1.3%;调查结果同时表明,母犬犬流感血清抗体阳性率略高于公犬,流浪犬的HI抗体阳性率明显高于宠物犬和农家犬。     

新疆乌昌地区犬布病流行病学调查

对新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐和昌吉地区(简称乌昌地区)的犬只进行随机采样,共采集368份血清,通过犬布鲁氏杆菌抗体快速诊断试纸检测发现阳性率分别为:城市宠物犬2.04%,农村宠物犬17.07%;养殖场繁殖犬11.43%;流浪犬23.73%。新疆乌昌地区流浪犬布病阳性感染严重,其次为农村宠物犬和养殖场繁殖犬。应对流浪犬进行布病监控,以免其传播给人类。     

流浪犬传染性性病肿瘤病理学诊断与治疗

犬传染性性病肿瘤是常见的能够在犬科类传播的一种生殖道肿瘤疾病，常见于有交配行为的流浪犬，该病潜伏期约为2～6个月。本文通过对救助的1只流浪犬进行临床检查、细胞学染色及病理学检查，最终诊断为犬传染性性病肿瘤，影像学检查未发现转移，与救助人协商后同意化疗，经过6周化疗后病犬痊愈，3个月后回访，未出现复发。     

兰州市城关区犬弓形虫病流行情况血清学调查与分析

为研究兰州市城关区犬弓形虫病的流行情况,本试验采用宠物用弓形虫抗体快速检测卡和/或弓形虫间接血凝试验(IHA),对城关区3家宠物诊所就诊犬和兰州市流浪动物救助站流浪犬共计439只进行检测分析。结果表明:3家宠物诊所就诊犬感染率分别为7.1%、6.9%、6.5%,均低于平均感染率7.5%,流浪动物救助站流浪犬感染率较高,为10.2%;犬弓形虫的感染率随着年龄的增长也在增加,调查中1岁犬感染率3.2%,1~3岁和3~6岁年龄段分别为5.6%和6.0%,6岁犬感染率11.34%;但不同性别犬对弓形虫的感染差异不显著。     

台湾流浪犬收容管理情况简介

犬是人偏爱的动物,但在许多国家由于管理上及其他人为的原因导致家养犬成为无家可归的流浪犬,对公共安全和环境卫生造成很大影响,因此越来越多的国家和地区开始重视和加强流浪犬的收容和管理工作。其中台湾地区的做法就是很值得我们学     

MDCK细胞同时复制犬瘟热病毒与犬传染性肝炎病毒的研究

犬瘟热和犬传染性肝炎病毒共同在一株细胞内培养、复制的可行性,通过本实验及电镜的观察已得到充分的证实。电镜下证明犬瘟热病毒在细胞浆内复制,并自细胞膜上出芽式成熟释放出病毒粒子。而犬传染性肝炎病毒则呈结晶状在细胞核内复制。二种病毒在同一株细胞培养液中已分别测得了毒价,犬瘟热病毒为5.0TCID_(50)/0.1毫升,犬传染性肝炎病毒为4.7TCID_(50)/0.1毫升。本试验在国内首次获得了二种病毒共在一个细胞内复制的电镜照片,证实了犬瘟热和犬传染性肝炎病毒共同在一株MDCK细胞内复制不产生任何干扰。本项研究为犬用多种联苗的研制找到了新的、简便的方法。     

犬传染性肝炎病毒的分离与鉴定

从南京患疑似犬传染性肝炎病犬的肝脏中分离到两株犬传染性肝炎病毒(定名为:ICHV-GN_1和 ICHV-GN_2)。经系统鉴定,并与国外标准毒株比较,证实为犬传染性肝炎病毒,从而为该病的防制研究奠定了基础。     

Indirect hemagglutination test in equine infectious anemia.

An indirect hemagglutination was developed for the diagnosis of equine infectious anemia using sheep red blood cells coated with group specific virus antigen which had been highly purified by affinity chromatography. The presence of indirect hemagglutination antibodies was demonstrated in horses with equine infectious anemia since the cells were specifically agglutinated by all the serum samples obtained from experimentally infected horses. Antibodies appeared within 35 days after inoculation, and development of which coincided well with that of precipitating and complement fixing antibodies. Titer of indirect hemagglutination antibodies were ten to 320 times greater than those of precipitating antibodies. Test results could be read more clearly by the indirect hemagglutination test especially in weakly positive cases. Ninety-six samples from suspected field cases collected from every region of Japan which were positive on the immunodiffusion test were also positive on indirect hemagglutination test. Serum samples from 420 horses in one race track were examined by both the indirect hemagglutination and immunodiffusion tests to determine the reliability of the indirect hemagglutination test for diagnosis of equine infectious anemia. The same result was obtained on both tests. Based on this evidence, the indirect hemagglutination test can be employed as a very sensitive serological test for the diagnosis of equine infectious anemia.     

Stray dogs as sentinels for canine parvovirus

An attempt to determine the prevalence of canine parvovirus in the stray dog population of Franklin County, Ohio (U.S.A.) was made by sampling dogs during the first 6 months of 1981. Serum and fecal samples, which were collected from 209 strays at time of euthanasia, were tested by serum hemagglutination inhibition (HI) and fecal hemagglutination (HA) techniques to determine canine parvovirus experience (seropositive) or fecal virus shedding, respectively. Sera collected from 93 strays for an unrelated study conducted in 1979 were used as the comparison group. All of the 1979 sera were HI negative (< 1:80) whereas, 139 of 201 (69.2%) sera suitable for testing from the 1981 group of strays were HI positive (? 1:80). The fecal HA results from the 1981 group revealed 26 of the 209 (12.4%) dogs were shedding parvovirus at time of euthanasia (HA titers ? 1:64). Of these 26 of the 209 (12.4%) dogs were shedding parvovirus at time of euthanasia were found to be seropositive. These results indicate that the stray population of Franklin County, Ohio, was not exposed in 1979, but by 1981 had experienced and for the most part, had recovered from canine parvovirus as indicated by a 69.2% seropositive dog population with 12.4% active virus shedders. The stray dog population, if sampled regularly, could thus serve as a sentinel for canine parvovirus activity in a community.     

Characterization of canine adenovirus type 1 isolated from American black bears

Viruses recovered from tissues taken at necropsy from American black bears were examined by use of immunofluorescence with polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies, virus neutralization with monoclonal antibodies, and restriction endonuclease analyses of the viral genomes. With these techniques, viruses were determined to be canine adenovirus type 1. Seronegative dogs that were inoculated with the virus had clinical signs typical of infectious canine hepatitis, suggesting that the virus, which was virulent for bears, was not a vaccinal strain, but a wild strain of canine adenovirus type 1.     

PCR screening for candidate etiological agents of canine hepatitis

PROBLEM ASSESSED: Hepatitis, either acute or chronic, is a relatively common hepatic disease in dogs. Several forms of canine hepatitis can occur, some with a defined cause, most cases have an unknown etiology. The similarities between canine hepatitis and human viral hepatitis suggest that canine hepatitis may have a viral etiology too. OBJECTIVE: To test liver tissue of dogs with hepatitis for the presence of candidate agents based on their known association with hepatitis in other mammals. METHODS AND APPROACH: The following infectious agents were tested by PCR: Hepadnaviridae, Helicobacter spp., Leptospira spp., Borrelia spp., hepatitis A virus, hepatitis C virus and hepatitis E virus. Also canine adenovirus and parvovirus were included. Ninety-eight liver tissue samples of dogs with various histologically diagnoses forms of hepatitis were tested. Primers were designed on conserved regions in the genome of each of these agents, to increase the likelihood of detection by PCR. To further increase sensitivity, nested PCRs for all agents were designed. Finally, for each agent a nested short primer PCR (SPP) was performed. RESULTS: None of these agents were detected by nested PCR and nested SPP. However, in two acute hepatitis liver samples parvovirus was detected by nested PCR, and one of these was also detected by nested SPP. CONCLUSIONS: Hepatitis in dogs is not caused by agents with high homology to known infectious agents that cause hepatitis in other species.     

The indirect fluorescent antibody technique as a method for detecting antibodies in aborted fetuses.

In this investigation the indirect fluorescent antibody technique was used to titrate antibodies in bovine sera to parainfluenza 3, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus and bovine viral diarrhea virus. These results were compared to those determined on the same samples by hemagglutination inhibition for parainfluenza 3 virus and serum neutralization for bovine virus diarrhea and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus. The results of the serological methods agreed closely. The indirect fluorescent antibody technique is a rapid and sensitive method for detecting antibodies and the procedure lends itself to use in diagnostic laboratories. In addition to the above viruses the presence or absence of antibodies to bovine coronavirus and bovine adenovirus 3 were determined by the indirect fluorescent antibody technique in thoracic fluids from 100 aborted fetuses and 50 nonaborted fetuses. Results on these samples were not compared to hemagglutination inhibition or serum neutralization as the condition of fluid samples from aborted fetuses renders interpretation of such tests unreliable. Antibodies to one or more viruses were detected in 30 of the 100 aborted fetuses and in seven of the 50 nonaborted fetuses. Antibodies to more than one agent were detected in eleven of the 100 aborted and in one of the 50 nonaborted fetuses. Reasons for this occurrence and application of the test in determination of causes of abortion are discussed.     

Seroprevalence of canine influenza virus (H3N8) in Iditarod racing sled dogs

We conducted a cross-sectional convenience sampling study of dogs racing in the 2010 Iditarod to determine the seroprevalence of canine influenza virus (CIV) in the sled dog population. Questionnaires were completed detailing medical and CIV vaccination history, kennel size and location, travel history, and social interactions for each team. A total of 399 dogs were tested for CIV antibodies by hemagglutination inhibition assay. None of these, including 39 samples from dogs reported as CIV vaccinated, were seropositive for CIV antibodies. All of the vaccinated dogs were also negative on virus microneutralization assay. Risk factors for CIV seropositivity could not be determined due to a lack of positive samples. This is the first published study investigating the prevalence of CIV in sled dogs and additional studies are warranted to assess CIV infection among racing sled dogs and to evaluate the ecology of CIV and the vaccine efficacy in this population of dogs.     

Serological, bacteriological and clinical observations on an outbreak of canine infectious tracheobronchitis in Norway

During the autumn of 1988 an outbreak of canine infectious tracheobronchitis, which seemed to be more infectious than usual, occurred throughout Scandinavia. Paired serum samples and bacterial swabs were collected from 52 dogs with clinical signs of infectious tracheobronchitis in three districts of Norway. The results revealed a fourfold or greater rise in the titre of antibodies against canine parainfluenza virus in 79 per cent of the cases, strongly suggesting that the virus was of aetiological importance in the outbreak. Bordetella bronchiseptica was not isolated from the diseased dogs, and they showed no rise in the titres of antibodies against influenza virus, reovirus or adenovirus.     

中国畜牧兽医2013年第40卷第2期犬流感(H3N2亚型)血清学调查

为了解广东地区犬流感(CI)流行情况,以期为犬流感的预防提供参考依据,本研究采用ELSIA方法及血凝抑制试验(HI),对广东省内6地市的1440份犬血清样品进行抗体检测。结果显示,1440份犬血清中犬流感抗体平均阳性率为7.92%(ELISA)和6.25%(HI)。其中广州、深圳和惠州地区的犬流感抗体阳性率较高。1～3岁犬的犬流感抗体阳性率高于其他年龄段犬,雄性犬犬流感抗体阳性率高于雌性。结果表明,H3N2亚型犬流感病毒在广东局部地区流行。鉴于当前在部分地区CIV阳性率较高,结合CIV在犬群中迅速传播的流行特点,要避免CIV暴发流行及对人类的健康造成威胁,对于CIV的防制应结合当地实际情况,制定切实有效的防制措施。     

High hepatitis E virus antibody positive rates in dogs and humans exposed to dogs in the south‐west of China

Hepatitis E (HE) is a zoonotic viral disease caused by hepatitis E virus (HEV). The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of HEV infection among dogs and humans exposed to dogs in the south‐west region of China. A total of 4,490 dog serum samples and 2,206 relative practitioner serum samples were collected from 18 pet hospitals and dog farms in Yunnan, Sichuan and Guizhou province, and the anti‐HEV IgG antibodies were detected by ELISA. The results showed that the total positive rate of anti‐HEV antibodies was 36.55% with the highest rate in city stray dogs, and the differences in distinct species and growth phases were significant. The positive rate of anti‐HEV antibody in veterinarian and farm staff‐related practitioners was significantly higher than the general population. The finding of the present survey suggested that high HEV seroprevalence in dogs and humans exposed to dogs in the south‐west area of China poses a significant public health concern. It is urgent to improve integrated strategies to detect, prevent and control HEV infection in dogs and humans exposed to dogs in this area.     

Prevalence of antibodies to seven viruses in a flock of ewes in Minnesota

Blood samples were collected from a flock of healthy ewes at a University of Minnesota research station. Sera from these blood samples were tested for antibodies against 7 viruses, using 3 tests (eg, virus-neutralization test for bovine viral diarrhea virus, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus, bovine adenovirus type 3, and bovine respiratory syncytial virus; hemagglutination inhibition test for parainfluenza virus type 3; and agar-gel immunodiffusion test for lentivirus of ovine progressive interstitial pneumonia and bluetongue virus). The number of seropositive ewes for each antibody type were 1 of 377 (0.3%) for bovine viral diarrhea virus, 2 of 377 (0.5%) for infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus, 29 of 378 (7.6%) for bovine adenovirus type 3, 200 of 378 (52.5%) for bovine respiratory syncytial virus, 273 of 373 (71.7%) for parainfluenza virus type 3, and 210 of 379 (55%) for ovine progressive pneumonia virus. All ewes were seronegative for bluetongue virus antibodies.