羊泰勒虫病二温式PCR诊断方法的建立及初步应用

为建立特异、敏感、快速的羊泰勒虫病诊断方法。根据Gen Bank已报道的羊泰勒虫表面蛋白基因(AY274329)设计合成了1对引物,通过条件优化,建立了羊泰勒虫病二温式PCR诊断方法。该方法能扩增出335 bp的羊泰勒虫特异性基因片段,测序结果与已知基因序列同源性为100%。对羊泰勒虫基因组DNA的最小检测量为16 fg/μL,与新孢子虫、弓形虫、巴贝斯虫和瑟氏泰勒虫均无交叉反应。与普通PCR相比,二温式-PCR在敏感性方面无显著差异,但其反复升温降温时间消耗短。结果表明,二温式PCR诊断方法具有较高的特异性和敏感性,可用于羊泰勒虫病的快速诊断和流行病学调查。     

牛瑟氏泰勒虫二温式PCR快速检测技术的建立及初步应用

为建立一种牛瑟氏泰勒虫快速检测技术,根据GenBank上已发表的牛瑟氏泰勒虫P23表面蛋白基因序列(D84447)设计1对特异性引物,扩增出大小为244 bp的基因片段,经克隆、测序分析,与已知基因序列同源性为100%。用该对引物建立的牛瑟氏泰勒虫二温式PCR能检测出的最高敏感度为171 fg/μL,与牛新孢子虫、弓形虫和卵形巴贝斯虫不产生交叉反应,对48份临床血液样本进行检测,阳性检出率为66.67%。用同一对引物对28份临床血液样本分别进行二温式PCR和三温式PCR检测,阳性符合率为95%,总符合率为96.43%。结果表明,该方法具有快速、敏感、特异等优点,可用于牛瑟氏泰勒虫病的快速临床诊断及流行病学调查。     

江西省高安地区牛泰勒虫病的流行病学调查

本研究用间接酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)结合聚合酶链式反应(PCR)对我国江西省60头肉牛样品(包括血清和血液基因组)进行了牛泰勒虫病的初步调查。结果显示,该省泰勒虫血清阳性率为100%,PCR检测阳性率28.3%。其中,环形泰勒虫(Ta)阳性率为26.7%,瑟氏泰勒虫(Tser)阳性率为15%,中华泰勒虫(Tsin)阳性率为3.3%,环形泰勒虫和瑟氏泰勒虫共同感染率为13.3%,环形泰勒虫和中华泰勒虫共同感染率为3.3%。结果表明,江西省牛泰勒虫病感染较为严重,本研究为该地区牛泰勒虫病的综合防治提供了数据参考。     

蜱传牛巴贝斯虫套式PCR检测方法的建立及应用

为建立一种快速、敏感检测牛巴贝斯虫的方法,本研究根据GenBank中登录的牛巴贝斯虫rap-1基因保守区设计2对特异性引物,经反应条件的优化,建立了牛巴贝斯虫套式PCR检测方法。结果显示,该方法可以特异地检测牛巴贝斯虫,而对双芽巴贝斯虫、牛环形泰勒虫和弓形虫的检测均为阴性;该方法的灵敏度可达1.3×10~1拷贝/μL,是牛巴贝斯虫荧光定量PCR检测试剂盒的10倍,是常规PCR的1 000倍。对50只扇头蜱和微小牛蜱DNA进行检测,套式PCR、牛巴贝斯虫荧光定量PCR检测试剂盒和常规PCR的阳性检出率分别为100.0%、72.0%和0。本实验建立的套式PCR检测方法适用于牛巴贝斯虫病的早期诊断和分子流行病学调查,为蜱传牛巴贝斯虫病的防控提供技术支持。     

环形泰勒虫裂殖体表面蛋白基因PCR诊断方法的建立简

为寻求一种快速灵敏的环形泰勒虫病PCR检测方法,基于环形泰勒虫裂殖体表面蛋白（Theirelia annulata surface protein,TaSP）基因序列保守区设计特异性引物,通过PCR技术扩增出该基因长为393 bp的高免疫原性区片段。用该引物对环形泰勒虫、中华泰勒虫、瑟式泰勒虫、尤氏泰勒虫、吕氏泰勒虫、绵羊泰勒虫、马泰勒虫、驽巴贝斯虫、牛巴贝斯虫基因组模板进行特异性试验,对环形泰勒虫基因组模板进行梯度稀释后扩增,以确定试验的敏感性,同时用本试验建立的方法与常规显微镜镜检方法对150份血清样品进行检测。特异性试验结果显示,在被检测的9个样本中,只有环形泰勒虫基因组模板中扩增出了符合大小的特异核苷酸片段;敏感性试验结果表明,PCR对环形泰勒虫的扩增效率可达到10^-10;通过对150份血清样品的检测,并与血涂片方法进行比较,结果显示PCR方法具有特异性强、敏感度高等特点,适用于牛环形泰勒虫病的检测。     

托克逊县牛环形泰勒虫媒介蜱形态鉴定及病原检测

为了解托克逊县璃眼蜱及其携带病原情况,采用形态学方法和分子生物学方法对璃眼蜱形态学及其携带病原牛环形泰勒虫的基因(Tams1)进行PCR扩增,鉴定和检测采自托克逊地区疑似牛体表璃眼蜱(473枚)及其携带牛环形泰勒虫的感染情况。结果表明:采集的硬蜱经形态学鉴定为小亚璃眼蜱(248枚)和亚洲璃眼蜱(225枚)。小亚璃眼蜱携带牛环形泰勒虫有20枚,阳性率为8.06%(20/248);亚洲璃眼蜱携带牛环形泰勒虫有16枚,阳性率为7.11%(16/225)。4个乡采集的璃眼蜱均有不同程度携带牛环形泰勒虫的情况,其中伊拉湖乡牛环形泰勒虫阳性率最高,为8.40%(11/131)。说明托克逊县的气候环境适合媒介蜱的孳生,是当地牛环形泰勒虫病广泛流行的重要因素。     

牛瑟氏泰勒虫病PCR诊断方法的建立

为建立特异、敏感、快速的诊断方法,根据本实验室已测得的瑟氏泰勒虫P33表面蛋白基因序列,设计一对特异性引物,扩增出大小为499 bp的基因片断,经克隆、测序分析,与已知基因序列同源性为100%。用该对引物建立的牛瑟氏泰勒虫病PCR诊断方法,通过对75份牛血液样本检测,检出率为72%(54/75)。该方法具有特异性好、敏感性强等优点,可用于牛瑟氏泰勒虫病的诊断和流行病学调查。     

环形泰勒虫SYBR Green I荧光定量PCR方法的建立及应用

为建立一种快速、敏感检测牛环形泰勒虫的方法,本研究根据GenBank中登录的牛环形泰勒虫Tams1基因序列,设计合成1对特异性引物,通过优化反应条件,建立了检测牛环形泰勒虫SYBR Green I荧光定量PCR检测方法。研究结果显示,该方法可以特异地检测牛环形泰勒虫,而对牛巴贝斯虫、反刍动物艾立希体和弓形虫检测均为阴性;该方法的灵敏度可达到180拷贝/μL,比常规PCR敏感10倍;组内和组间变异系数均小于1.0%。对15份临床血液样品和20只璃眼蜱进行检测,SYBR Green I荧光定量PCR和常规PCR的阳性检出率分别为42.86%和28.57%。本研究建立的SYBR Green I荧光定量PCR检测方法具有特异性强、敏感性高的特点,可准确、高效检测牛环形泰勒虫,为牛环形泰勒虫病防控提供技术支持。     

羊泰勒虫PCR检测方法的建立和初步应用

利用羊泰勒虫18SrRNA基因的序列特点,设计合成种特异性引物,建立羊泰勒虫PCR检测方法,该方法能特异性扩增398bp的羊泰勒虫18SrRNA基因片段,而对羊巴贝斯虫、羊无浆体、牛环形泰勒虫和牛伊氏锥虫的基因组DNA没有扩增带出现。对羊泰勒虫基因组DNA的最小检测量为0.12fgDNA。通过检测124份临床样品,24份为羊泰勒虫感染阳性,其余为阴性。结果表明,建立的PCR检测方法具有极高的敏感性和特异性,可用于羊泰勒虫病和临床健康带虫羊的诊断。     

潍坊市牛泰勒虫病感染情况调查

本研究用血液涂片检查结合聚合酶链式反应(PCR)对潍坊市104头奶牛血液样品进行了牛泰勒虫病的初步调查。结果显示该市泰勒虫血液涂片染色阳性率为15.4%,PCR检测瑟氏泰勒虫阳性率为8.7%,环形泰勒虫阳性率为20.2%,表明潍坊市牛泰勒虫病感染率较高。本研究为该地区牛泰勒虫病的综合防治提供了数据参考。     

中西药治疗牛环形泰勒虫病的效果观察

托克逊县是牛环形泰勒虫病的疫区之一,准确诊断以及有效治疗是防控该病的要点。论文采用流行病学调查、实验室方法检测和临床诊断的方法综合确诊45头舍饲患牛作为研究对象。将45头阳性牛随机分为西药治疗组、中药治疗组以及空白组,按1、2、3、4、5d以及1周,分别对每组患牛进行临床症状观察、体温测定、血涂片观察、染虫率统计,评价治疗效果。结果表明,托克逊县夏乡5个镇散养户的194头牛血液涂片中62份有环形泰勒虫虫体;PCR检测有57份DNA样品得到与预期结果相同的534bp条带;临床诊断有45头牛表现为牛环形泰勒虫病症状;西药治疗组治愈率为93.33%(14/15)明显高于中药治疗组治愈率为73.33%(11/15)。西药组对于治疗环形泰勒虫病具有显著的效果,可为新疆有效治疗环形泰勒虫病提供参考。     

Bovine piroplasms in Minorca (Balearic Islands, Spain): a comparison of PCR-based and light microscopy detection

The present study provides the first epidemiological data regarding infection by Theileria and Babesia piroplasms in cattle in Minorca. More than 94% of the studied animals were positive for the presence of Theileria sp., and of those, 41.3% were positive for the presence of Theileria annulata. These results indicate that the prevalence of Mediterranean theileriosis caused by T. annulata is very high in Minorcan dairy farms and that other Theileria sp. are also present in the area. The prevalence of infection was similar throughout the study indicating an endemic situation in this island. The use of PCR resulted in significantly higher efficacy of detection of Theileria sp. compared to microscopical observation (MO) of blood smears and allowed the specific discrimination between pathogenic and non-pathogenic theilerias which cannot be accomplished by traditional diagnosis by MO. Babesia infection in the area was mainly due to Babesia bigemina (6.0% of the studied animals were infected), while one animal (0.75%) was found to be infected by Babesia bovis. It was observed that 31% of animals infected with B. bigemina had a concurrent infection of T. annulata. PCR also resulted in a significantly higher efficacy of detection of Babesia sp. compared to MO when infection levels were higher, towards the end of the study period. The results clearly demonstrate that parasitic infection by piroplasms, especially Theileria sp. is common and endemic in the island of Minorca and that PCR is the optimal approach for the detection and discrimination of these important parasites.     

A molecular survey of bovine Theileria parasites among apparently healthy cattle and with a note on the distribution of ticks in eastern Turkey

A survey of Theileria parasites in cattle in eastern Turkey was carried out using specific polymerase chain reaction. A total of 252 blood samples were collected from clinically healthy cattle between June and July 2004. Of 252 blood samples examined, 41 (16%) were positive for piroplasms by microscopy, whereas 114 (45%) were positive for the presence of at least one species of Theileria by PCR. The percentages of positive animals for Theileria annulata and benign Theileria species (Theileria sergenti/buffeli/orientalis) were 39% (99/252) and 7% (18/252), respectively. By allele-specific PCR examination of 18 field isolates which were positive for benign Theileria parasites, 8 samples were only amplified by B-type specific primers and 10 samples were amplified by both of the B and C-type specific primers, indicating a mixed infection with B and C-type of the parasite. None of the field isolates was amplified by I-type specific primers. Three samples were co-infected with T. annulata and benign Theileria parasites. Two of them which were infected with B-type parasite were also infected with T. annulata, the other sample which was infected both of B and C-type parasites was also infected with T. annulata. A total of 724 ixodid ticks were collected from the cattle. Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum was the dominant species with 32% (230/724) in the region. H. a. excavatum, Boophylus annulatus and Rhipicephalus bursa represented 25% (183/724), 19% (140/724) and 15% (112/724) of the total number of ticks, respectively. R. sanguineus was the minor species and represented 8% (59/724) of the tick population.     

Detection and quantification of Anaplasma marginale DNA in blood samples of cattle by real-time PCR

A TaqMan-based real-time PCR assay was developed for the diagnosis of Anaplasma marginale infection of cattle. The established assay was proven to be highly specific, since no cross-reactions were observed with other Anaplasma species of ruminants, including the closely related Anaplasma centrale, or other haemoparasites of ruminants (Anaplasma bovis, Anaplasma ovis, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Babesia bovis, Babesia bigemina, Theileria annulata and Theileria buffeli). The detection limit was equal to that of nested (n)PCR (10(1) copies of standard DNA and 3 x 10(1) infected erythrocytes ml(-1) of blood). The assay was also reproducible, as shown by satisfactory low intra-assay and inter-assay coefficients of variation. Fifty-four blood samples of ruminants (cattle, n = 51; sheep, n = 2; goats, n = 1), that had been tested previously by reverse line blot (RLB) hybridisation, were subjected to an nPCR assay and the newly established real-time PCR assay. By using real-time PCR, A. marginale DNA was detected in 39/51 bovine samples, with DNA titres ranging from 3.60 x 10(3) to 5.70 x 10(8) copies ml(-1) of blood, whereas sheep and goat samples tested negative. The concordance with nPCR was 100%, whereas a unique sample that had tested negative by RLB gave positive results by nPCR and real-time PCR. The established assay could overcome the limitations of existing diagnostic methods, allowing for simultaneous detection and quantification of the A. marginale DNA in bovine blood, that is essential to support the clinical diagnosis, to assess the carrier status of the animals and to evaluate the efficacy of vaccines and antirickettsial drugs.     

Prevalence and distribution of tropical theileriosis in eastern Turkey

This study was carried out to determine the prevalence and distribution of tropical theileriosis in cattle in eastern Turkey by microscopical, serological and molecular methods. A total of 1561 whole blood, 1505 serum and 1483 blood smear samples were collected from cattle of various breeds and ages in 11 towns of Eastern Turkey. Theileria annulata piroplasm DNA extracted from cattle blood was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using species-specific primers. Serum antibodies against T. annulata were investigated by indirect fluorescence antibody test (IFAT). Blood smears were examined for Theileria piroplasms by microscopical examination (ME). In the examination of DNA extracted from 1561 blood samples, an amplicon with the size of 721bp was obtained in 37.8% (590/1561) of these samples. Serum antibodies against T. annulata and piroplasm of Theileria spp. were detected in 34.9% (526/1505) and 19.7% (293/1483) of the samples, respectively. The differences between ME and PCR results and between ME and IFAT results were statistically significant (P < 0.05). In contrast, there was no significant difference between the PCR and IFAT results. A total of 179 ticks (136 female; 43 male) belonging to Hyalomma spp. were collected from cattle from three towns. Ticks were identified to be Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum on the basis of morphological features.     

Epidemiological survey of Theileria parasite infection of cattle in Northeast China by allele-specific PCR

An epidemiological survey on a Theileria parasite infection of cattle in Northeast China was carried out using allele-specific PCR and DNA sequence analysis of the major piroplasm surface protein (MPSP) gene. The results showed that 14 of 104 blood samples were positive for Theileria by PCR. Among the positive cases, co-infection with various combinations of C- and I-type parasites was detected in 12 samples; no B- and Thai-type parasites were detected by allele-specific PCR. Phylogenetic analysis based on the MPSP gene sequences revealed that Theileria parasites with the MPSP types 1, 2, and 4 were distributed in Northeast China.     

Infectivity and cross-immunity studies of Theileria lestoquardi and Theileria annulata in sheep and cattle: II. In vitro studies.

In the studies previously reported, the tick-borne protozoan parasites Theileria lestoquardi and Theileria annulata were shown to differ in their capacity to infect sheep and cattle. In the studies presented here, these findings were further supported. In vitro infectivity of T. lestoquardi and T. annulata sporozoites for peripheral blood mononuclear cells of sheep and cattle were determined by analysis of cell cultures for cell proliferation, the detection of parasites in Giemsa-stained cytospin smears and the establishment of continuously growing schizont-infected cell lines. In the same way, the development of schizont-infected cells into continuously growing cell lines was studied with material isolated ex vivo from the sheep and cattle undergoing primary infections described elsewhere. Comparisons were also made between development of ex vivo cell lines from animals undergoing primary infections with those of the animals undergoing challenge infection with the other parasite species. Theileria species specific primers were used in a PCR to determine the identity of the parasites in the cell lines. These in vitro studies confirmed earlier observations that T. lestoquardi was unable to infect cattle, whereas infection of all sheep with T. annulata was proven. Moreover, earlier indications of the development of partial cross-immunity in sheep of T. annulata to T. lestoquardi and vice versa were strengthened. These findings may thus have consequences for the understanding of the epidemiology of T. lestoquardi infections of sheep. On the other hand. since piroplasms were not demonstrated in sheep infected with T. annulata, such sheep will not be infective to ticks and will consequently be unlikely to play a role in the maintenance and transmission of T. annulata to cattle.     

Evaluation of indirect TaSP enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for diagnosis of tropical theileriosis in cattle (Bos indicus) and water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in Egypt

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the validity of Theileria annulata surface protein (TaSP)-ELISA, in comparison with traditional microscopic test, for the diagnosis of T. annulata infection among Egyptian baladi cattle (Bos taurus) and water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis). Molecular confirmation of infection using T. annulata merozoite surface (Tams-1) target amplification by PCR was used as a gold standard. A total of 76 clinically suspected animals including 64 baladi cattle and 12 water buffaloes were investigated in the current study by the three methods. Based on the PCR-confirmed results, the evaluation study revealed higher sensitivity of TaSP-ELISA (72.9% and 75%) as compared to microscopic examination (58.3% and 50%) among cattle and buffaloes, respectively. On the other hand, the specificity of TaSP-ELISA in diagnosis of T. annulata infection was higher (87.5%) in baladi cattle as compared to water buffaloes (37.5%). In conclusion, TaSP-ELISA was shown to be suitable for the diagnosis of T. annulata infection in cattle under field conditions.     

牛环形泰勒虫裂殖子/梨浆虫表面抗原基因非疏水区的克隆及GST-P27重组蛋白的高效表达

A fragment about 696 bp was amplified by PCR technique with specific primers based on Tams1 gene sequence（AF214842） of Theileria annulata reported in GenBank. Then the target fragment was directionally cloned into pGEX-4T-2 expression vector, the recombinant plasmid DNA was cut by enzymes, and then sequenced.The result showed that the homology of the cloned Tams1 gene was 98%. The positive plasmid was transformed into BL21（DE3）, and then induced by IPTG. Soluble fusion protein whose expression level reached 1.39 mg/mL was obtained when it was induced with 0.5 mmol/L IPTG for 4 h at 37 ℃, and it was 53 ku. Western blotting showed that recombinant protein GST-P27 which was purified by Glutathione Sepharose 4B had the favorable reactionogenicity.