珍珠鸡维生素A缺乏引起失明报道

珍珠鸡(ESSOR)是一种重要的经济动物。近年从法国引入,我国南方一些省市已开始饲养和繁殖。在饲养中维生素A缺乏症一般较少发生,但在饲料中添加剂不足,可出现症状。广州某珍禽养殖场饲养珍珠鸡,于1987年11月发生原因不明的失明,后确认是维生素A缺乏症,现报道如下:     

仔猪常见维生素缺乏症的诊治

正1维生素A缺乏症1.1诊断要点1.1.1病因调查⑴原发性维生素A缺乏。主要发生于冬春青饲料不足的季节。我国北方地区尤其是高纬度地区多发。猪长时间饲喂含有较少胡萝卜素(维生素A原)或者维生素A的饲料,容易引起该病。猪长时间饲喂腐败变质或者贮存过久的饲料也容易导致该病。猪长时间在潮湿阴暗的圈舍里饲养,同时阳光照射较少,且运动量较少等,也能够促使维生素A缺乏症的发生。     

鸡维生素A缺乏引起大批死亡报告

维生素A缺乏症一般鸡较少发生,仅在饲料中添加剂不足的情况下方可出现症状。1984年我地区红旗鸡场及某城县鸡场饲养的良种鸡先后发生了原因不明的大批死亡,用抗生素及抗球虫病等药物治疗均未凑效,后确认是维生素A缺乏症,报道如下。     

一起鹌鹑维生素A缺乏症的诊治

2009年9月初,某养殖场饲养的480只成年鹌鹑发生了以眼睑肿胀,黏膜、皮肤上皮角化变质,产蛋下降为主要特征的营养代谢性疾病,经综合诊断确诊为维生素A缺乏症.现将诊治情况报告如下.     

金丝猴腹壁透创一例的治疗

陕西省珍稀野生动物抢救饲养研究中心1只5岁金丝猴发生罕见的腹壁创伤,创口大小9 cm,大部分空肠、回肠和部分结肠脱出体外.经紧急实施手术治疗,术后抗菌消炎、镇痛镇静、补充营养、精心护理,10 d后基本康复.     

圈养金丝猴饲养管理刍议

迁地保护是挽救濒危野生动物的重要手段，加强圈养金丝猴饲养管理，对扩大种群和拯救这个物种有着重要意义。本文对成都动物园金丝猴的饲养管理进行了阐述，旨在改进圈养金丝猴的饲养管理和改善生活条件，加强保护。     

鸡维生素A缺乏症的预防及诊疗措施

维生素A是鸡生长发育和生产所必需的生物活性物质,具有促进和调节代谢的重要作用。在集约化饲养条件下,维生素A缺乏症是常见的多发病,尤其是蛋鸡。本文从维生素A的生理功能、临床诊断、预防措施和治疗措施方面加以概述,以期在鸡生产中更好地防治维生素A缺乏症。     

北京鸭维生素B2缺乏症的诊治

2010年5～6月河北省廊坊市固安县城某养殖户饲养的北京鸭发生维生素缺乏症,经诊断主要是维生素B2缺乏。经额外补充或者调整饲料配方,相应增加维生素B族的添加量,都取得了较好的效果。(一)发病情况该养殖户共饲养了2000只北京鸭(北京市周边城镇北京鸭的饲养量很大,主要售往北京     

育成鹅维生素B_1缺乏症的诊治

育成鹅维生素Ｂ＿１缺乏症的诊治＠张兰英￥辽宁省铁岭市畜牧科研所育成鹅维生素Ｂ１缺乏症的诊治张兰英（辽宁省铁岭市畜牧科研所１１２０００）笔者曾在现场工作中遇到某鹅场由于饲养管理不当，造成２００多只４月龄的育成鹅发生维生素Ｂ１缺乏症的病例。临诊症状全群鹅出现羽...     

雏鸡维生素E缺乏症的诊疗

我县运河镇某养鸡专业户饲养罗斯商品鸡400只,在30日龄时发生维生素E缺乏症(临床表现为头颈扭转),有60多只鸡发病,死亡20只,死亡率约为30％左右。本专业户为圈养鸡,喂饲料公司所生产的蛋鸡饲料,不添加青菜和多种维生素。发病后经用多种抗生素、磺胺类药物、VB_1片、VB_2片治疗无效。于1987年10月19日来我院就诊。经综合分析,确诊为维生素E缺乏症。现介绍如下。     

Sero-epidemiological survey for toxoplasmosis in wild New World monkeys (Cebus spp.; Alouatta caraya) at the Paraná river basin, Paraná State, Brazil

In this study, we captured 60 wild New World monkeys (Cebus spp.; Alouatta caraya) at the Paraná river basin, Paraná State, Brazil, and modified agglutination test (MAT) was performed to evaluate anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies. Prevalence was 30.2% (13/43) in Cebus spp. (capuchin monkeys) and 17.6% (3/17) for A. caraya (black and golden howler monkeys). MAT showed antibody titers of 16 (15/16) and 64 (1/16). Herein, we have observed an odds ratio (OR)=4.67 (1.060.05). The present work is the first report on serum occurrence of anti-T. gondii antibodies in wild capuchin monkeys and in wild black and golden howler monkeys.     

A newly‐found pattern of social relationships among adults within one‐male units of golden snub‐nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxenalla) in the Qinling Mountains,China

Group living provides various advantages to individuals in regards to protection avoidance, intergroup competition, productive success and social information. Stable one‐male units (OMUs) consist of relationships between the adult females and the resident male as well as the relationships among adult females. Based on continuous observation of a reproductive group of golden snub‐nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellana) in the Qinling Mountains, we analyzed the relationships among adult individual dyads within 4 OMUs. The results indicated that in golden snub‐nosed monkey societies, females not only had no strong tendency to build a relationship with the resident male in the OMU but also had no strong tendency to build relationships with other females in the OMU. In comparison with hamadryas (Papio hamadryas) and gelada baboons (Theropithecus gelada), the relationships within golden snub‐nosed monkeys OMUs showed neither the star‐shaped pattern observed in hamadryas baboons nor the net‐shaped pattern observed in gelada baboons. We concluded that the relationships within golden snub‐nosed monkey OMUs indicated a third pattern in nonhuman primate societies. Future research is required to determine the potential mechanisms for such a pattern.     

Effect of repeated phlebotomy on iron status of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta).

Iron status, as determined by hematologic values, serum iron concentration, total iron-binding capacity, and zinc protoporphyrin concentration, was determined in 2 groups of 6 nonpregnant monkeys. Monkeys of groups 1 and 2 had 10 and 5%, respectively, of their blood volume withdrawn per week for up to 10 weeks or until blood hemoglobin concentration was less than or equal to 10 g/dl. A third group of 6 monkeys served as controls. The majority (8/12) of the monkeys became anemic (hemoglobin concentration, less than or equal to 10 g/dl) after approximately 30 to 70% (mean, 49%) of their blood volume was removed. Anemia was accompanied by decrease in serum iron concentration and percentage of transferrin saturation. Microcytosis, hypochromasia, and increased zinc protoporphyrin concentration, all hematologic characteristics of iron deficiency, developed later. The calculated iron stores ranged from 1 to 133 mg, with mean value of 51 mg. Iron-depleted monkeys had mean calculated available iron store of 20.8 mg, whereas iron-replete monkeys had mean available iron store of 114.0 mg. Changes were not observed in monkeys of the control group during the study period. None of the baseline hematologic or biochemical analytes measured were good predictors of iron stores. The diet used at the research center did not provide sufficient iron to prevent iron deficiency in most of the monkeys from which a total amount of 30 to 70% of blood volume at 5 or 10%/week was withdrawn. Studies requiring that much blood may need to be modified to include iron supplementation, reduction of sample volume, or iron replacement after termination of projects.     

川金丝猴幼仔全人工哺育技术及其个体行为观察

本文记述１例笼养川金丝猴幼仔“粒粒”，从出生至１６９日龄成功地放归笼养群体的全人工哺育技术，同时对幼仔个体行为与母乳哺育幼仔进行了对比观察，结果表明：（１）以优质人工乳哺育金丝猴幼仔，补加适量维生素和活性钙，于１１１日龄添加固体食物以后，随着日龄增长哺乳量递减，固体食物的种类、数量逐渐增加，２０６日龄断奶，幼仔健康成活；（２）主要护理技术为育幼期严格调控育幼箱内温、湿度，适度通风、日照，严格消毒和保育人员的精心爱抚：（３）２０日龄开始社群行为驯化，１４５日龄开始放归训练，并逐渐延长放归时间，１６９日龄顺利放归笼养群体，为其同类所接纳，到１８０日龄摆脱对保育员的依赖，习惯于群体生活；（４）全人工哺育金丝猴幼仔与母乳哺育者相比，个体行为发育２０日龄前差异不显著，２０日龄后全人工哺育幼仔行为发育较迟缓。     

圈养川金丝猴冬季昼间活动时间分配及空间利用研究

2012年12月~2013年2月,通过直接拍摄观察,采用瞬时扫描记录方法,对上海动物园内圈养条件下4只川金丝猴(Rhinopithecus roxellana)的活动时间分配和笼舍空间利用率进行了初步研究,结果表明:川金丝猴圈养环境下大部分时间用来休息,占昼间活动时间的46.27%,其次是理毛行为,占22.20%,摄食和玩耍行为分别占9.73%,6.90%,乞食和移动行为分别占5.04%、5.76%,其他行为占4.10%;休息行为有2个高峰,分别为8:00~9:00时和16:00时以后,摄食行为只在8:00~9:00时有一个较为明显的高峰,理毛行为集中在10:00时;通过对空间利用率的比较,A、B、C、D、E各区均有利用,但是A区、C区、D区的占用率明显高于B区、E区,A区主要用来休息,B区、C区、D区主要用来玩耍和移动,E区主要用来取食和休息。     

Endozoochorous seed dispersal by golden snub-nosed monkeys in a temperate forest

Seed dispersal is essential for plant recruitment and the maintenance of biodiversity. Colobine monkeys are primarily folivorous, but they also consume fruits and are often assumed to be seed predators. Although they are known to be epizoochorous seed dispersers, their role as endozoochorous seed dispersers needs reassessment. We examined potential endozoochory in golden snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellana) at Dalongtan in Shennongjia National Park, central China, by assessing potential germination of ingested seeds (n = 1806, 9 species) from fecal samples. Intact seeds were in almost all fecal samples (ranging from 5–130 seeds), and ingested seeds were from small seeded species (seed width <4.5 mm). The 2 most abundant species were Actinidia arguta (73%) and Rosa caudata (15%). The fruits of A. arguta were unripe when ingested (i.e. effective seed predation) and the ingested seeds did not germinate in the trials. Therefore, ingestion of unripe seeds does not lead to effective seed dispersal. However, germination rates of defecated R. caudata (9%) were greater than control seeds (6% and 0%), demonstrating potential endozoochorous seed dispersal. Thus, colobine monkeys do indeed disperse mainly small-seeded from multi-seeded fruits through potential endozoochory and this process enhances the recruitment of seedlings.     

Dystrophin-deficient muscular dystrophy in a Labrador retriever

Sex-linked muscular dystrophy associated with dystrophin deficiency has been reported in several breeds of dogs and is best characterized in the golden retriever. In this case report, a young, male Labrador retriever with dystrophin-deficient muscular dystrophy is presented. Clinical signs included generalized weakness, lingual hypertrophy, and dysphagia. Electromyographic abnormalities including complex repetitive discharges were present. Serum creatine kinase concentration was dramatically elevated. Histopathological changes within a muscle biopsy specimen confirmed a dystrophic myopathy, and dystrophin deficiency was demonstrated by immunohistochemical staining. While X-linked muscular dystrophy has not previously been reported in the Labrador retriever, a hereditary myopathy with an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance has been characterized. A correct diagnosis and classification of these two disorders are critical for breeders and owners since both the mode of inheritance and the prognosis differ.     

Monocyte function in rhesus monkeys with simian acquired immune deficiency syndrome

Monocyte function in rhesus monkeys with simian acquired immune deficiency syndrome (SAIDS) was compared with that in age-matched normal juvenile rhesus monkeys. The functional tests were 1) chemotaxis, 2) phagocytosis of opsonized Candida albicans, 3) killing and/or growth inhibition of Candida albicans, 4) generation of respiratory burst, and 5) monocyte-derived macrophage response (morphology and/or respiratory burst) to stimulating agents such as lymphokines, gamma interferon, endotoxin, and phorbol myristate acetate. The monkeys tested had either clinical SAIDS (alive with lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, and lymphopenia or neutropenia) or had terminal SAIDS (moribund due to the disease). Responses of monocytes from 14 monkeys with clinical SAIDS were indistinguishable from those of 9 normal juvenile rhesus monkeys, whereas monocytes from 3 monkeys with terminal SAIDS had enhanced phagocytosis and respiratory burst capacity. Chemotaxis, candidacidal/stasis activity, and response to stimulating agents were normal in these terminal cases. Plasma from the SAIDS monkeys was as capable of opsonizing yeasts and of being able to generate chemotactic factors by endotoxin as was control plasma. SAIDS retrovirus (SRV) was detected by co-cultivation of pure monocyte-derived macrophage cultures with Raji cells, an indicator cell line which forms syncytia in the presence of SRV. Four terminal SAIDS cases and one late-stage clinical SAIDS case were virus-positive when the number of macrophages in the cultures ranged from less than 50 to about 500. Terminal SAIDS monocyte-derived macrophages in culture as long as 17 days produced SRV. These data show that in monkeys with SAIDS the major effector functions of monocytes and macrophages involved in host defense are intact (even up until death). Additionally, some of the monocytes are productively infected, and these infected monocytes are viable and adherent in culture.     

Cause of death in dogs according to breed: a necropsy survey of five breeds

The final necropsy diagnoses, obtained between 1985 and 1999, were compared among 1,206 golden retrievers, boxers, German shepherd dogs, Labrador retrievers, and rottweilers. A significantly larger proportion of boxers and golden retrievers died of neoplastic disease than the other three breeds. The ages at death were not significantly different among golden retrievers, German shepherd dogs, and Labrador retrievers. However, rottweilers and boxers died at a younger age from both neoplastic and nonneoplastic diseases. Although boxers were already known to be at a higher risk for neoplasia, a similar index of suspicion for neoplasia should now be used for golden retrievers.