雏鸵鸟腿病的诊疗

雏鸵鸟的腿病是影响鸵鸟生产一个重要问题，往往使鸵鸟成为残次鸟，失去价值，严重影响育成率。我国有些场地某些批次幼鸵鸟70％以上的有腿病。湘南某鸵鸟养殖场曾有一批雏鸵鸟发生严重腿病，经综合诊断认为是因饲料中高造成钙磷比例失调，抑制锰的吸收而造成。     

幼鸵鸟腿病的诊治

幼鸵鸟腿病的诊治王凤鸣（北京华都育种公司,大兴１０２６００）幼鸵鸟的腿部病包括腿、脚部畸形、损伤,主要表现有畸形足、弯趾、八字腿、弓形腿、胫骨旋转、滑腱症等。发生腿部病的鸵鸟不一定会死亡,但往往归为残次鸵鸟,失去饲养价值。１畸形足指趾关节畸形,弯向一...     

雏鸵鸟腿病诱发原因及预防（上）

腿病是雏鸵鸟培育过程中常见的病,其发病率可高达30％以上,死淘率达25％以上,不少的鸵鸟养殖场为此蒙受重大损失。笔者就实践中发现的问题,对雏鸵鸟腿病诱发原因及预防介绍如下: 一、引起雏鸵鸟腿病的原因 病毒性疾病引起的腿病: 1.病毒性关节炎 由呼肠孤病毒引起,通常导致雏鸵鸟的跛行。病毒性关节炎、腱鞘炎,生长受阻,随着     

雏鸵鸟腿病的诊疗

雏鸵鸟的腿病是影响鸵鸟生产的一个重要问题。往往使鸵鸟成为次鸟,失去价值,严重影响育成率。国内外几乎每个鸵鸟场均有不同程度的发生。湘南某鸵鸟养殖场曾有一批雏鸵鸟发生严重腿病。经综合诊断认为是因饲料中高钙造成钙磷比失调,抑制锰的吸收而造成。现将情况报告如下:     

雏鸵鸟腿部病症的种类与发生原因

雏鸵鸟的腿部畸形和损伤,是育雏阶段最常碰到的问题,腿部畸形的雏鸵鸟死亡率不高,但往往会失去价值,只能归为残次鸵鸟,严重影响育成率。现就育雏中所见鸵鸟的腿部病症归纳如下:1胫骨旋转胫骨旋转是雏鸵鸟在发育过程中最为常见的一种腿病。一般多发生于6月龄以内的雏鸵鸟,其     

幼鸵鸟趾腿病综合防治

幼鸵鸟趾腿病是指由于趾、腿骨生长发育异常而导致运动功能的异常或完全丧失。该病多发生在0~3月龄期间,症状主要包括脚趾畸形弯曲(脚趾外翻、内翻),胫骨变形及外旋,滑腱等,该病的发生相当普遍,个别饲养场发生率高达50%以上,给鸵鸟养殖业造成很大的威胁和经济损失。1病因1.1饲料营养成分不均衡日粮中钙、磷含量不足或比例不适当;锰元素缺乏或高钙、磷拮抗锰的吸收;VD含量不足,均可打破雏鸵鸟骨骼系统成骨的动态平衡,致骨骼生长异常、骨软症、关节软骨过度增生等。钙、磷、维生素D缺乏时,会发生胫骨弯曲、跛行,有时还伴有异食现象,维生素D…     

小鸵鸟饲养要点

鸵鸟是产于非洲的一种体型巨大、不会飞但奔跑很快的鸟.特征为脖子长而无毛,头小,脚有二趾,是目前世界上现存最大的鸟类. 1 饲料 雏鸵鸟采食的青绿饲料有苜蓿、三叶草叶、白菜叶、莴苣叶、胡萝卜等.饲喂时,要将青绿饲料洗净、晾干、切碎,严禁饲喂隔餐饲料或有残留农药的青绿饲料及茎秆不洁的青饲料.3个月以下的幼鸵鸟,其青粗料比重可占40％,随着鸟龄的增长,青绿饲料的饲喂量也应逐渐增加.除了青粗料外,还要给鸵鸟补喂精料.鸵鸟精料中仍然可以含50％左右的草粉,但要防止精料喂量过多,雏鸵鸟增重太快而导致骨骼关节变形,从而诱发腿病.     

日粮钙过量和钙磷比例不当引起的雏鸵鸟腿病

内蒙古鄂尔多斯市某鸵鸟养殖场,在孵化育雏中有2批不同日龄的雏鸵鸟陆续出现软腿、胫骨弯曲、关节肿大、跛行等症状,病情严重。经病史调查、饲料中钙磷检测、临床症状和病理解剖观察,笔者认为该病是由饲料中钙过量和钙磷比例不当引起的。1发病情况该鸵鸟场的雏鸵鸟26只,饲喂本场配制的雏鸵鸟饲料,于出生15d开始发病。之后发病数量逐渐增加,先后有8只死亡,8只症状明显且病情严重,3只病情较轻,死亡率达42%。2临床症状发病初期,雏鸵鸟精神委顿、食欲减退、腹泻,随后腿部症状逐渐明显,病雏鸵鸟两脚发软,向内或向外弯曲,跗关节肿大,行走困难,跛行…     

一起鸵鸟大肠杆菌病例的诊治

<正>大肠杆菌的致病菌株可以感染多种哺乳动物和禽类,在禽类多见于鸡、火鸡和鸭。雏鸵鸟大肠杆菌病也是引起雏鸵鸟死亡的病因之一,特别是建场时间长、防疫条件差的鸵鸟场,发病更为普遍。现将广西某鸵鸟场发生的一起鸵鸟大肠杆菌病的诊治情况介绍如下。     

鸵鸟养殖问答

鸵鸟养殖问答问：小鸟的腿病发生率高，造成了较高的死亡率，如何防治小鸟腿病的发生？答：小鸟的腿病是造成小鸟死亡的主要原因之一，国内外各鸵鸟场普遍存在。能够引起小鸟腿病的原因很多，只要解决好诱发和引发腿病的因素，就可大大减少或避免小鸟腿病的发生。引起腿病...     

Limb Deformities of Farmed Ostrich (Struthio camelus) Chicks in Botswana

Limb deformities were detected in 135 out of 885 ostrich chicks, giving a prevalence of 15.3%. Tibiotarsal rotation affected 73% of the chicks with limb deformities, whereas rolled toes accounted for 36%. The right leg was more often affected than the left leg. The incidence of limb deformities was highest in 2- to 3-week-old ostrich chicks. The incidence of limb deformities was highest at the beginning of the breeding season and lowest towards the end, when it was relatively warmer. The mean serum manganese and zinc levels in deformed ostrich chicks were higher than the levels reported for normal chicks.     

西安地区鸵鸟养殖现状调查

简述了国内外鸵鸟养殖概况 ,通过对西安地区 5个公司的鸵鸟养殖场中的饲养管理、繁育、疾病防治及产品开发等的调查和分析 ,提出了西安地区在鸵鸟养殖方面存在的问题及我国鸵鸟养殖业的发展对策     

Development of the refractive state in eyes of ostrich chicks (Struthio camelus)

OBJECTIVE: To follow the development of the refractive error in the eyes of ostrich chicks from age 0 to day 37 after hatching. ANIMALS: 35 ostrich chicks. PROCEDURES: Spot retinoscopy was conducted to assess refractive error in ostrich chicks. Seventy eyes of 35 ostrich chicks were examined. Of these, 18 chicks were followed over time. At least 4 serial measurements (at 2- to 7- day intervals) were conducted in each of these chicks from day 1 to 37 after hatching. Seventeen additional chicks were examined on days 0, 3, 12, and 19 after hatching. RESULTS: Ostrich chicks were myopic at hatching, with a mean +/- SD refractive error of -4.47 +/- 0.15 diopters (D). The refractive error rapidly decreased during the first week of life, and by day 7 after hatching, chicks were slightly hyperopic, with a mean refractive error of 0.42 +/- 0.12 D. After day 7, there were no significant differences in the mean refractive error. CONCLUSIONS: The development of optics in the ostrich eye appears to be unique among animals and is characterized by myopia at hatching, rapid onset of emmetropia, and minimal variation in refractive error among chicks.     

鸵鸟养殖产业的现状与发展前景

综述了国内外鸵鸟养殖业的现状 ,提出了发展我国鸵鸟产业的具体意见和措施 ,为鸵鸟养殖产业化、规范化和集约化提出了合理的建议。     

雄性雏鸵鸟生殖器官的形态学研究

为了探明雄性雏鸵鸟生殖器官的形态学特点,采用石蜡切片和HE染色技术,对6羽45日龄雄性非洲雏鸵鸟的生殖器官进行了研究,并与家禽的相关结构进行了比较。在光镜下观察了雄雏鸟生殖器官的形态结构,结果表明:(1)鸵鸟睾丸没有睾丸纵隔和睾丸小叶,曲精小管中精原细胞排列紧密且整齐,睾丸间质较少;(2)附睾由睾丸网、输出小管和附睾管组成;(3)输精管管壁由黏膜、肌层和外膜3层组成;(4)阴茎由2个圆形的纤维性淋巴体、淋巴间隙和微血管共同构成。     

Spread bow leg syndrome in ostrich (Struthio camelus) chicks aged 2 to 12 weeks

1. The incidence of spread bow leg syndrome and associated pathology in 15 ostrich chicks aged 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks is reported. Measurements were made of hind limbs: femur plus tibiotarsus; tarsometatarus; phalanx I, digit III; phalanx II, digit III plus phalanx III, digit III; and phalanx IV, digit III. 2. A run was constructed (6 m x 1.7 m) and subdivided into 2 m sections and the time taken to traverse it was recorded. Measurements (cm) were made of the left and right footprints; the number of footprints and average stride length in 0 to 2, 3 to 4 and 5 to 6 m. Speed was calculated using distance run (m) divided by time taken (s). 3. The number of steps was greater in bow leg chicks aged 4 and 8 weeks by comparison with healthy birds. Stride length, however, was smaller in all age groups with bow leg. All speeds in bow leg chicks were lower than those in healthy birds, except for that recorded at 2 m in chicks aged 2 weeks which did not differ markedly. 4. In affected birds, feathers were sparse. Icterus was present. The tarsometatarsus was twisted, with severely inflamed joints, eroded distal ends, thickening of the cartilage and the presence of fibrous material surrounding the ligaments. Muscles in the hind limb were emaciated. 5. The syndrome compromises the ability of chicks to keep up with adults in flocks, and may compromise their ability to escape predation.     

新城疫病毒对雏鸵鸟下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺皮质轴的形态及γ-氨基丁酸表达的影响

新城疫(ND)是影响鸵鸟养殖业最主要的传染病之一,新城疫病毒(NDV)作为应激原,进入机体后可引起一系列病理变化,使机体下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺皮质轴(HPA)处于过度激活或失活状态,进一步加重内环境紊乱,引起病情加重.鉴于此,本研究以45 d雏鸵鸟为试验动物,分正常组和攻毒组(皮下注射鸡新城疫标准毒株F4s E9);利用HE染色技术、透射电镜(TEM)技术和免疫组化技术定位表达(SABC)技术,研究NDV对雏鸵鸟HPA轴的形态及γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)表达的影响;结果表明:(1)雏鸵鸟HPA轴对鸡源NDV高度敏感,可引起HPA轴发生明显的病理组织学变化,肾上腺病变严重,下丘脑次之,垂体病变较轻,其病变程度反映了HPA轴功能受损的程度;(2)人工感染鸡源NDV,雏鸵鸟HPA轴内GABA表达均下降,其在肾上腺内的消长规律提示GABA可能参与了ND病理应激下的HPA轴应激反应过程;其表达数量和表达强弱与机体的病理性应激反应进程有关.     

非洲鸵鸟的雌雄鉴别研究

对鸵鸟进行早期的性别鉴定，可以确保期望的鸵鸟雌雄性别比例，雏鸟雌雄分群饲养，加快鸵鸟驯养进程，提高育雏成活率都有着重要意义。本研究采用翻肛法，对人工饲养的1～3月龄育雏期非洲鸵鸟进行试验与研究。结果表明，在1月龄时就可根据有无生殖交媾器及其形态、大小的差别进行雌雄鉴别，打破了通常认为鸵鸟在4月龄时才可以进行性别鉴定的传统做法，为非洲鸵鸟的饲养管理提供了有利的依据。     

NDV对雏鸵鸟HPA轴的影响

以45日龄雏鸵鸟为试验动物,分正常组和攻毒组,利用RIA技术和TUNEL技术,探讨新城疫病毒（NDV）对雏鸵鸟HPA轴的影响。结果表明,雏鸵鸟感染NDV,HPA轴内细胞凋亡数量在病毒感染期间明显高于对照组,提示NDV能诱导雏鸵鸟HPA轴系统发生细胞凋亡;在病毒接种后1d,肾上腺内可检测到大量凋亡细胞,接种5d后凋亡数量显著增加（P〈0.05）,之后凋亡呈下降趋势,肾上腺内细胞凋亡的动态变化反映了雏鸵鸟HPA轴对ND病变的适应和调节。雏鸵鸟感染NDV,血清ACTH水平于NDV接种后1d开始上升,至5d达到峰值（P〈0.01）,之后有所下降,渐趋于正常;血清Cor水平于病毒接种后1d开始下降,至7d有所回升,9d渐趋于正常水平,表明NDV接种后雏鸵鸟血清ACTH和Cor水平的变化与其HPA轴功能的损伤及恢复密切相关。     

Ostrich (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Struthio camelus</Emphasis>) production in Egypt

This review discusses the historical, developmental and practices of ostrich farming in Egypt. In the early 20th century, ostrich farming was very important for production of ostrich feathers and documents were produced to perfect the art of procuring the plumes from the birds and subsequently processing them. Pharaohs used ostrich feathers for adornment. Of 43 provinces, 12 were featured in 2003-2004 as farming ostriches: Alexandria, Al-Behera, Al-Dakahlia, Al-Wadi Al-Gadid, Aswan, Cairo, El-Sharkia, Geiza, Ismailia, Kafr-El-Sheikh, Matrouh and Nubaria. Abattoirs and tanneries specialising in ostrich handling are limited to two. Egypt has numerous strengths and opportunities to develop its ostrich sector. Rising meat prices suggest that fresh ostrich meat is unaffordable to many locals. Funds may be allocated to local advertising campaigns to promote ostrich meat; provision of incentives to farmers; and improving the capacity of abattoirs.