浅析一例犬的乳腺肿瘤诊治

乳腺肿瘤是雌性犬在临床上的常见病,是一种犬乳腺发生癌病变的疾病。犬的乳腺肿瘤分良性和恶性两种,犬乳腺实质性纤维瘤是犬乳房良性肿瘤的一种临床症状,以无痛性乳房肿块为主要特征。对一例雌性哈士奇乳腺肿瘤的病例采用了临床检查、实验室检查确诊该犬患良性的实质性肿瘤,通过手术方法摘除肿瘤,该哈士奇犬术后恢复良好。     

1例犬乳腺肿瘤的诊治

乳腺肿瘤是一种多发于老年母犬的肿瘤性疾病。一病例经临床检查结合血常规、血液生化检查,诊断为疑似乳腺肿瘤;采取犬乳腺全切除术及犬子宫卵巢摘除术治疗,并对切除的乳房肿物进行组织病理学检测,确定乳房肿物的性状为恶性乳腺肿瘤;术后患犬预后良好。及早发现并采取有效的治疗措施可治愈犬乳腺肿瘤。     

犬乳腺肿瘤治疗的研究进展

乳腺肿瘤是犬常见的肿瘤类型,研究犬乳腺肿瘤的治疗可以对人类乳腺肿瘤的治疗提供参考.归纳了近年来国内外乳腺肿瘤的治疗方法及进展,提出了犬的乳腺肿瘤的治疗建议,为犬的乳腺肿瘤的治疗提供了理论参考和依据.     

犬右侧乳区3个肿块的病理学观察

<正>随着社会经济的发展,犬作为一种伴侣动物获得了更好的营养条件和免疫预防,平均寿命也得到了延长,因此患老年病(如肿瘤等)的机率也随之提高。犬乳腺肿瘤是兽医临床上最为常见的肿瘤之一,母犬乳腺肿瘤的发病率约占母犬全部肿瘤性疾病的50%,雄性犬也会发生乳腺肿瘤,但发生率较低(低于3%)[1],据报道老龄犬和未绝育犬更容易发生乳腺肿瘤[2]。犬乳腺肿瘤形态多种多样,不同个体的肿瘤之间或同一个体的不同肿瘤标本,其组     

犬乳腺肿瘤的诊治

犬乳腺肿瘤是犬常见肿瘤,临床上发病率较高,其中恶性肿瘤严重危害犬的健康,甚至危及生命。笔者根据多年的临床实践,总结以下诊治技术,仅供同行参考。1病因乳腺肿瘤的发生还可能与饮食因素有关。一岁犬的肥胖和红肉类食谱是乳腺肿瘤发生、发展的危险因素。激素也可能影响乳腺肿瘤的发生。早期作卵     

二例犬乳腺肿瘤的诊治与体会

犬乳腺肿瘤是宠物临床中一种常见的肿瘤性疾病,两例犬乳腺肿瘤的诊治中以外科手术为主,结合LEEP,配合使用抗癌药。结果表明,犬乳腺肿瘤摘除术中LEEP法出血少,术野清晰,手术时间短。外科手术法应用广泛,操作简单,病犬术后恢复快。LEEP法和外科手术结合治疗犬乳腺肿瘤效果显著。     

一例老龄中华田园犬的乳腺肿瘤术后复发的反思

老龄未绝育母犬乳腺肿瘤发病率较高。目前公认的有效治疗方法主要是手术治疗。手术切除可以快速有效地清除肿瘤病变部位,适用于良性肿瘤,但对于老年和体弱的患犬手术风险性大,且有些乳腺肿瘤术后复发率高。笔者对临床接诊的一例老龄犬乳腺肿瘤术后复发病例进行报道以及回顾反思,为犬乳腺肿瘤的治疗提供参考。     

犬猫乳腺肿瘤的病理诊断方法与临床治疗

乳腺肿瘤疾病是兽医临床上常见的一种母犬母猫肿瘤疾病,约占母犬母猫肿瘤疾病总发病率的50%,但在公犬公猫并不常见.根据对乳腺肿瘤病理学检查的统计,50%以上的乳腺肿瘤为良性.据国外文献记载乳腺肿瘤是犬猫(不论公母)所有常见肿瘤中排名第2的肿瘤(排名第1的是皮肤肿瘤),而全世界所记载的犬猫乳腺肿瘤发生频率并没有地理上的差别.     

犬猫乳腺肿瘤的组织病理学诊断

<正>犬猫乳腺肿瘤是兽医临床上常见的一种肿瘤疾病,约占母犬母猫肿瘤疾病总发病率的50%,公犬公猫则比较少见。据国外文献记载,犬的乳腺肿瘤是仅次于皮肤肿瘤的最常见肿瘤,约50%为恶性;猫的乳腺是仅次于肝脏和皮肤的最易发生肿瘤的组织,     

犬乳腺纤维肉瘤的病理学观察

正犬乳腺肿瘤是成年雌性犬多发的一种疾病,主要表现为乳腺部有硬块状物,身体消瘦等临床症状。犬乳腺肿瘤包括乳腺原发性癌、肉瘤、癌肉瘤及良性肿瘤。来源于乳腺间叶组织的恶性肿瘤包括恶性叶状肿瘤、血管肉瘤、恶性纤维组织细胞瘤、基质肉瘤、纤维肉瘤、脂肪肉瘤等,乳腺纤维肉瘤是原发性乳腺肉     

The expression of carbonic anhydrase in canine mammary gland and mammary gland tumor

Carbonic anhydrase (CA), a metallo-enzyme containing zinc, broadly distributes in mammalian tissues and participates in physiological regulation such as respiration, acid-base balance, ion transport, bone resorption, as well as the development of tumor by the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. However the expression of CA in the tissue of mammary gland tumor was not documented. In this study we examine the histolocalization and gene expression of CA in both normal canine mammary gland tissue and mammary gland tumor by histochemical examination, and RT-PCR. Four mRNA expression of CA isoenzymes, such as CA II, IV, VI and IX were found under RT-PCR analysis and different band patterns were found between normal canine mammary tissue and canine mammary gland tumor tissue. CA II, IV, VI and IX gene mRNA expression were found in the normal mammary gland tissue, indicating CA II, IV, VI and IX are likely to be the essential enzymes to maintain the normal physiological condition of canine mammary gland tissue cells. However the expression of CA IV was not found in the tissue of malignant mammary gland tumor that may become the marker for the prognostic recognition of canine mammary gland tumor.     

The oncolytic effects of reovirus in canine solid tumor cell lines

Oncolytic virotherapy is a new strategy for cancer treatment for humans and dogs. Reovirus has been proven to be a potent oncolytic virus in human medicine. Our laboratory has previously reported that canine mast cell tumor and canine lymphoma were susceptible to reovirus. In this study, canine solid tumor cell lines (mammary gland tumor, osteosarcoma and malignant melanoma) were tested to determine their susceptibility towards reovirus. We demonstrated that reovirus induces more than 50% cell death in three canine mammary gland tumors and one canine malignant melanoma cell line. The reovirus-induced cell death occurred via the activation of caspase 3. Ras activation has been shown to be one of the important mechanisms of reovirus-susceptibility in human cancers. However, Ras activation was not related to the reovirus-susceptibility in canine solid tumor cell lines, which was similar to reports in canine mast cell tumor and canine lymphoma. The results of this study highly suggest that canine mammary gland tumor and canine malignant melanoma are also potential candidates for reovirus therapy in veterinary oncology.     

PTEN 基因在犬乳腺肿瘤组织中的表达及临床意义

有关酪氨酸磷酸酶基因（Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosometen,PTEN）在乳腺肿瘤中的检测在人医早有报道。为了研究PTEN基因在犬乳腺肿瘤组织中的表达情况,笔者运用实时荧光PCR定量检测了38例不同的犬乳腺肿瘤组织（包括15例良性乳腺肿瘤和23例恶性乳腺肿瘤）、4例正常犬乳腺组织。结果发现：PTEN基因在犬恶性乳腺肿瘤组织中表达量明显低于其在良性乳腺肿瘤和正常乳腺组织中的表达量,两者差异极显著（P〈0.001）;PTEN在良性乳腺肿瘤组织中的表达与正常犬乳腺组织相比,差异不显著（P〉0.05）;发生了淋巴结转移的乳腺癌PTEN基因的表达量与未发生转移的乳腺癌组织的表达量间差异亦不显著（P〉0.05）,且PTEN的表达量与肿瘤组织的大小和发病动物年龄无关。结论：PTEN蛋白表达异常可能与乳腺肿瘤发生、发展相关,可考虑作为判断犬乳腺肿瘤生物学行为和预测的指标。     

血小板凝血酶蛋白1对犬乳腺肿瘤细胞体外生物学特性的影响分析

本研究旨在深入探讨血小板凝血酶蛋白1(THBS1)对犬乳腺肿瘤细胞CHMp的影响,并阐明其影响犬乳腺肿瘤发生发展的作用机制。通过构建THBS1慢病毒稳定过表达和THBS1沉默表达的犬乳腺肿瘤细胞CHMp细胞系,采用CCK-8试验、划痕试验、Transwell试验、原位荧光检测和流式细胞术检测THBS1对CHMp细胞增殖、迁移、侵袭、细胞凋亡和细胞周期情况的影响;通过qRT-PCR和Western blot检测THBS1对CHMp细胞凋亡相关因子(p53、Bcl-2、Bax)表达情况的影响,验证THBS1对CHMp细胞凋亡通路的影响。结果显示,过表达THBS1能有效增强犬乳腺肿瘤细胞CHMp的增殖、迁移和侵袭能力,并且减少CHMp细胞的凋亡数量,而沉默THBS1后结果与之相反;流式细胞术得出THBS1能够影响CHMp细胞的细胞周期分布;经qRT-PCR和Western blot检测发现,在THBS1过表达后,p53和Bcl-2的表达量均明显增高,Bax的表达量明显减少,在沉默THBS1后结果与之相反。结果表明,THBS1的异常表达能够影响犬乳腺肿瘤细胞CHMp的增殖、迁移、侵袭以及细胞周期;此外,THBS1能够通过影响细胞凋亡因子p53、Bcl-2和Bax的表达来影响CHMp细胞凋亡相关通路,进而影响犬乳腺肿瘤的发生发展。     

Fractal dimension of canine mammary gland epithelial tumors on cytologic smears

BACKGROUND: Fractal geometry is a tool that can be used for describing, modeling, analyzing, and processing irregular and complex figures. Past investigations in medicine have revealed that fractal analysis could also be applied in tumor pathology to characterize irregular boundaries of the nuclei of tumor cells. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to define whether the fractal dimension parameter could be used on cytologic specimens to differentiate benign from malignant canine mammary gland epithelial tumors. METHODS: The fractal dimension of nuclear surface was determined by computer-assisted morphometry on Hemacolor-stained cytologic smears obtained by fine needle aspiration of normal canine mammary gland epithelial cells, and cells in mammary adenomas, tubulopapillary carcinomas, solid carcinomas, and anaplastic carcinomas. Data were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS: Significant differences (P <.001) were observed in mean fractal dimension among all tumor types and in comparison with normal canine mammary gland epithelial cells (except for the fractal dimension between solid carcinomas and anaplastic carcinomas). CONCLUSION: The morphometric parameter, fractal dimension, could help in the diagnostic discrimination between benign and malignant canine mammary gland epithelial tumors on cytologic specimens.     

Development, anatomy, histology, lymphatic drainage, clinical features, and cell differentiation markers of canine mammary gland neoplasms

Mammary neoplasms are the most common neoplasm in female dogs. This article describes the embryologic development, normal anatomy, and histology of the canine mammary gland from the onset of first estrous and the changes that occur in the mammary gland during the estrus cycle. The clinical features of canine mammary gland tumors and their relation to prognosis are discussed, including age, hormones, breed, diet, and obesity. Additional clinical prognostic factors including clinical presentation, tumor size, and lymph node status at the time of presentation are discussed in relation to diagnosis and tumor staging. Immunohistochemical evaluation of the cell differentiation markers of the normal and neoplastic canine mammary gland is described and compared with similar studies in humans; the ways these markers may be used to assist with the prognosis of canine mammary neoplasms are discussed.     

Expression of a tumor-associated antigen, RCAS1, in canine mammary tumors

Receptor-binding cancer antigen expressed on SiSo cells (RCAS1), one of novel cancer cell-surface antigens, is strongly expressed in invasive cancers. RCAS1 inhibits the in vitro growth of lymphocytes such as T cells and natural killer (NK) cells, and induces apoptotic cell death. We investigated the expression of RCAS1 in canine mammary tumor cell lines and tumor cells by immunohistochemistry, and also in situ deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) fragmentation in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling (TUNEL) method. All canine mammary tumor cell lines expressed RCAS1 at both the messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and protein level. Immunohistochemically, RCAS1 was negative in 100% of normal mammary glands, but was expressed in 100% of malignant tumors examined. In most malignant mammary tumors, RCAS1 was localized in the cytoplasm with no polarity of expression. In benign mammary tumors, it was detected on the luminal surface of the tumor cell. RCAS1 expression or localization was significantly correlated with malignancy. In situ DNA fragmentation of CD3-positive TILs was observed in RCAS1-expressing tumors. RCAS1-expressing tumors, indicating a possible induction of apoptotic cell death in TILs through RCAS1 expression. These observations suggest that RCAS1 probably plays an important role in tumor progression and escape from immune surveillance in canine mammary tumors.     

Expression patterns of the slit subfamily mRNA in canine malignant mammary tumors

Slit, a secreted protein, functions as a chemorepellent factor in axon guidance and neuronal migration and as an inhibitor in leukocyte chemotaxis. In humans, slit2 protein attracts endothelial cells and promotes tube formation in the tumor angiogenic mechanism. In this study, we cloned a part of the canine slit subfamily and examined the expression of slit subfamily mRNAs in 3 normal canine mammary glands and 11 mammary tumor samples by RT-PCR. The cloned part of the slit gene sequences showed high similarity to those of the human, mouse, and rat. The mRNAs were expressed at low levels in the normal mammary gland. The expression levels of slit1 mRNA were low in both the normal and tumor tissues. In contrast, the expression of slit2 mRNA increased in most of the malignant mammary tumors, and an increase in slit3 mRNA expression was observed in 2 of the malignant mixed tumors. These results suggest that the expression of slit2 plays an important role in tumor angiogenesis in canine mammary gland tumors and that slit2 can be a putative marker for malignancy diagnosis of these tumors.     

SOX2敲低对犬乳腺肿瘤CHMm细胞增殖和迁移的影响

为探究SOX2对犬乳腺肿瘤细胞系CHMm增殖及迁移能力的影响,采用脂质体将siRNA转染至犬乳腺肿瘤细胞系CHMm降低其SOX2的表达,采用CCK-8法检测各组细胞增殖能力,Transwell小室迁移试验检测细胞的迁移能力,Western blot检测NF2和YAP的表达。结果表明,成功建立了SOX2敲低的犬乳腺肿瘤细胞模型,敲低SOX2的犬乳腺肿瘤细胞的增殖能力和迁移能力均显著降低(P<0.05);敲低SOX2的犬乳腺肿瘤细胞中NF2的表达显著升高(P<0.05),Hippo信号通路下游效应分子YAP的表达显著降低(P<0.05)。说明SOX2可通过NF2/YAP影响犬乳腺肿瘤细胞增殖和迁移,进一步阐明了SOX2在肿瘤发生中的作用机制。