胸膜肺炎放线杆菌溶血外毒素研究进展

猪传染性胸膜肺炎是由胸膜肺炎放线杆菌(APP)引起的一种呼吸道传染性疾病.根据荚膜多糖和脂多糖抗原表位不同,将胸膜肺炎放线杆菌分为15个血清型,不同血清型的菌株毒力大小不同,致病性也有强弱之别.研究发现与APP致病性有关的毒力因子包括荚膜多糖、脂多糖、外膜蛋白、转铁结合蛋白、溶血外毒素等,其中溶血外毒素是APP引起猪致病最主要的毒力因子,也是主要的保护性抗原.论文从猪传染性胸膜肺炎溶血外毒素的分子结构、致病机制、免疫原性几个方面对其进行综述,为获得以Apx为抗原制备减毒活疫苗提供参考资料.     

猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌血清型研究进展

猪传染性胸膜肺炎是当前养猪业的主要呼吸系统传染病之一 ,其病原菌是胸膜肺炎放线杆菌 ,血清型多。准确区分此病原菌的不同血清型是研制预防有效疫苗的前提。根据 NAD依赖性 ,本菌可以分为生物 I型和生物 II型 ;采用传统的血清学方法 ,本菌又分为 1 5个血清型。各种血清学方法仍是现阶段对胸膜肺炎放线杆菌开展血清型鉴定的主要手段 ,但不足之处是存在一定程度的交叉反应以及不能对新分离的病原菌进行分型。采用聚合酶链式反应对不同基因进行扩增 ,根据扩增结果进行血清型鉴定的基因分型方法 ,具有准确和特异的优点 ,并可以克服传统血清学方法的不足 ,已经逐渐成为胸膜肺炎放线杆菌研究中的新的分型方法     

猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌Apx毒素的研究进展

猪传染性胸膜肺炎是由胸膜肺炎放线杆菌(Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae,APP)引起的细菌性呼吸道传染病。Apx毒素(actinbacillus pleuropneumoniae toxin)是由胸膜肺炎放线杆菌分泌的一类溶血毒素,在胸膜肺炎放线杆菌致病过程中,Apx毒素起了重要的作用。     

胸膜肺炎放线杆菌研究进展

胸膜肺炎放线杆菌 (Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae,APP,也有简写为 Ap) ,原称胸膜肺炎嗜血杆菌(H aemophiluspleuropneumoniae,Hp) ,属于巴氏杆菌科嗜血杆菌属 ,后又根据其表型 (phenotype)和 DNA杂交水平均与放线杆菌属模式种密切相关 ,归属为巴氏杆菌科放线杆菌属 ,命名为猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌 [1 ] 。由本菌引起的猪接触传染性胸膜肺炎是猪的呼吸道传染病 ,各种年龄的猪均易感染 ;常与巴氏杆菌等混合感染 [1 ]。病猪发热 (可达 4 2℃ ) ,呼吸困难 ,食欲不振 ;剖检可见纤维素性胸膜肺炎 ,多感染两侧 ,6 5 %的肺叶病变严重 ;发病率 8.…     

猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌的分离鉴定

通过实验室检验，从福建省2个送检猪场猪的肝。脾病料中分离出2株猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌，结合临床表现，推断它们均具有较强的致病性。     

胸膜肺料放线杆菌溶血毒素特性鉴定及免疫原性研究

本文报道了胸膜肺炎防线杆菌（APP）血清型7型菌株深－8株分泌的溶血素。研究证明该株至少可分泌两种溶血素，一种为热稳定的溶血素，另一种为热不稳定的溶血素。本研究没有对热稳定的溶血素进行提纯分析，而对热不稳定的溶血素经过盐析及凝胶过滤层析提纯后，进行SDS－PAGE分析，表明该溶血素为分子量65kDa的蛋白。本研究利用纯化的65kDa的溶血素蛋白与APP所有型的阳性血清做交叉中和实验和琼脂扩散实验及动物实验，证明该溶血素蛋白具有一定的免疫原性及保护力，但其诱导的免疫反应对同源菌株的攻击只能提供部分保护。     

猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌病的防治

猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌病的防治宋良敏金石（沈阳益华实业总公司肉类加工厂１１０１４５）近年来,随着我国养猪生产向集约化、工厂化生产方式发展,大规模和密集饲养给猪舍环境卫生带来了恶化因素。不仅猪的呼吸道疾患有多发的倾向,而且疾病也越复杂化、多样化。猪胸膜肺炎...     

猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌病的特点

猪传染性胸膜肺炎是由胸膜肺炎放线杆菌(APP)引起的猪的一种呼吸道传染病.各种年龄的猪均易感,并常与巴氏杆菌等混合感染.临床上急性以突然发病、肺部纤维性出血为特征;慢性以肺部局部坏死和肺炎为特征.该病在我国的发生呈现逐年上升的趋势,给我国的养猪业造成了严重的经济损失.本文主要从病原特点和流行特征等方面对该病进行综述.     

猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌的分离和鉴定

某猪场哺乳仔猪及断奶猪临床表现喘气、咳嗽、皮肤发绀以及胸膜肺炎的病理特征，从病猪体内分离出3株菌，根据细菌培养特性、CAMP试验及生化反应等鉴定为猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌（App)。该菌对小白鼠有一定毒力，回归猪可致死猪只，对常用治疗药有一定的抵抗力，用分离菌制备自家苗可预防本病发生。     

胸膜肺炎放线杆菌毒素分子致病机理研究进展

胸膜肺炎放线杆菌是引起猪传染性胸膜肺炎的一种重要病原菌。该病具高度传染性，给养猪业造成巨大的经济损失,本文就病原、毒素成分，毒素分子结构，分子致病机理的研究作了综述。     

Pathogenicity of Actinobacillus minor, Actinobacillus indolicus and Actinobacillus porcinus strains for gnotobiotic piglets

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the clinical significance of Actinobacillus minor, Actinobacillus porcinus and Actinobacillus indolicus strains in gnotobiotic piglets. Twenty-two 6-h-old Caesarean-delivered and colostrum-deprived piglets were intranasally and orally inoculated with 2 x 10(6) colony-forming units of an A. minor (group 2; n = 9), A. indolicus (group 3; n = 5), or A. porcinus (group 4; n = 8) strain. Six other piglets were inoculated in the same way with phosphate-buffered saline solution and used as controls (group 1). All pigs were observed for clinical signs and rectal temperatures were taken until euthanasia 7 days after inoculation. At necropsy, conchae, tonsils, lungs, brains, liver, spleen and kidneys were macroscopically examined for lesions and samples were taken for bacteriology. None of the pigs developed fever. Mild ataxia was observed in one pig from group 3 for 2 days. Clinical signs were not observed in the other animals. In none of the animals were macroscopic lesions detected at necropsy. NAD-dependent Pasteurellaceae were not isolated from control animals (group 1). The A. minor, A. indolicus and A. porcinus strains were isolated from the tonsils of one, two and one pigs, respectively. Actinobacillus porcinus was isolated from the brains of the pig with central nervous symptoms and from the conchae of another pig. The inoculation strains were not demonstrated in the other samples. It was concluded that, using these inoculation routes and dose, the A. minor, A. indolicus and A. porcinus strains had low capacity to colonize the upper respiratory tract of gnotobiotic piglets and demonstrated low or no pathogenicity in such animals.     

Antimicrobial resistance profile of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and Actinobacillus porcitonsillarum

A total of 83 Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and 58 Actinobacillus porcitonsillarum strains collected from slaughtered pigs in Switzerland were screened for susceptibility to 20 antimicrobial agents by MIC determinations. Resistance to sulfamethoxazole, the combination sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, tiamulin, tilmicosin, tetracycline, penicillin and ampicillin were found. A few A. porcitonsillarum isolates displayed decreased susceptibility to enrofloxacin. PCR analysis revealed the presence of the sul2 gene in approximately one-fifth of the sulfonamide-resistant A. pleuropneumoniae and A. porcitonsillarum isolates. The tetracycline-resistant A. pleuropneumoniae harbored tet(B) and tet(H), whereas the tetracycline-resistant A. porcitonsillarum isolates harbored the tet(B) gene. The penicillin and ampicillin-resistant A. pleuropneumoniae and A. porcitonsillarum harbored the bla(ROB-1) gene.     

Actinobacillus suis-like organisms in horses

Actinobacillus suis-like organisms have been recognized in equine specimens at the University of California Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital since 1975. The most common source (65%) of the organism was transtracheal washings. The organism was gram-negative, produced hemolysis on blood agar, and gave a positive reaction for oxidase, urease, o-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside, and esculin. Carbohydrate reactions were variable, consisting of 4 main patterns. Actinobacillus suis-like organisms were (90%) sensitive to therapeutic concentrations of amikacin, cephalothin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, kanamycin, tetracycline, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Other aerobic and anaerobic bacteria were recovered frequently with the organism.     

Actinobacillus suis-like organisms and evidence of hemolytic strains of Actinobacillus lignieresii in horses

Thirty-seven local isolates of Actinobacillus suis-like organisms from diseased and clinically normal horses and 1 llama were compared with reference strains of A suis, A lignieresii, A equuli, A capsulatus, A hominis, A (Pasteurella) ureae, and equine A suis-like organisms (ASLO) previously described in literature. Comparison was by cultural characteristics, carbohydrate fermentation, enzyme profiles, and whole-cell protein polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Carbohydrate fermentation, determined by API-CH gallery, divided 36 equine ASLO isolates into 6 API-CH biotypes. The llama isolate was an additional distinct biotype. The biochemical comparisons between A suis and ASLO did not reveal remarkable and consistent differences. Enzyme analysis revealed 5 API-ZYM biotypes, one of which included the same strains as one of the API-CH biotypes and consisted in both instances of 4 esculin-negative ASLO cultures and the reference strain of A lignieresii. We conclude that the 4 strains were hemolytic variants of A lignieresii. Protein electrophoresis disclosed 15 banding patterns, 10 of which represented equine ASLO strains. The reference strains of A suis shared the pattern predominant among equine ASLO. Four of the remaining reference strains of Actinobacillus species each had a unique profile, whereas the type strain of A capsulatus and the llama isolate had similar profiles. The groupings of cultures resulting from the different testing methods had little relation to each other and to the anatomic source of the strains except the strains comprising API-CH biotype II, which originated in the equine respiratory tract, and the A lignieressi cluster.     

Infection with Actinobacillus Suis in Pigs

Actinobacillosis in pigs seems to be relatively rare and when it does occur, it usually manifests itself as acute septicaemia during the first weeks of life (Zimmermann 1965). Polyarthritis, pneumonia and heart lesions as well as petechial haemorrhages in skin, viscera and kidneys are also frequently found (MacDonald et al. 1976, Jones & Simmons 1971). Both Actinobacillus suis and Actinobacillus equuli have been isolated from such cases (Pedersen 1977).