枣胚轴组织培养的初步研究

以枣胚轴为外植体，用基本培养基MS和各种激素不同组合及其配比的6种培养基进行组织培养，结果表明：在MS（1／2MO3^-) 1.75mg/lZT 0.015mg/lNAA 4mg/lKT 2mg/lAgNO3和MS＋0．5mg/l IBA两种培养基上成苗率都达40％，但后一种培养基更有利于诱导生根；在用MS（1／2NO3^-)作基本培养基，添加0．2mg/l BA和3mg/l NAA的培养基上，愈伤率最高，达73％,由愈伤组织分化出来不定芽的分化率为27％。     

Steroidal saponins from Smilacina japonica

Three new steroidal saponins, japonicoside A (1), japonicoside B (2) and japonicoside C (3) were isolated from the dried rhizomes and roots of Smilacina japonica A. Gray. Their structures were elucidated as (25S)-5α-spirostan-9(11)-en-3β-ol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)]-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-galactopyranoside (1), (25S)-5α-spirostan-9(11)-en-3β,17α-diol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)]-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-galactopyranoside (2) and (25S)-5α-spirostan-9(11)-en-3β,17α,24α-triol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)]-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-galactopyranoside (3) on the basis of chemical methods and detailed spectroscopic analysis, including 1D, 2D NMR and HR-ESI-MS. The cytotoxicity of isolated compounds was evaluated in vitro for cytotoxic properties against human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (SMMC-7221) and human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (DLD-1), respectively.     

A new cerebroside from Polygala japonica

The isolation of a new cerebroside, 1-O-beta-d-glucopyranosyl-(2S,3S,4R,11E)-2-[(2'R)-2'-hydroxypalmitoylamino]-11-octadecene-1,3,4-triol (polygalacerebroside) (1), from the aerial part of Polygala japonica is reported.     

Stilbenes from Sphaerophysa salsula

A new stilbene, (trans)-4-[2-(3, 5-dimethoxyphenyl) ethenyl]-1,2-benzenediol (1), was isolated from the whole herbs of Sphaerophysa salsula, together with (trans)-4-[2-(3, 5-dimethoxy phenyl) ethenyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2) and daucosterol. The structure of 1 was determined on the basis of spectroscopic evidences.     

Diarylheptanoids from the rhizomes of Alpinia officinarum and their anticancer activity

Two new diarylheptanoids (1, 2), together with two known analogs (3, 4), were isolated from the rhizomes of Alpinia officinarum. The new compounds were elucidated to be (5S)-5-hydroxy-7-(3, 4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1-phenyl-3-heptanone (1) and (5R)-5-hydroxy-7-(3-methoxy-4, 5-dihydroxyphenyl)-1-phenyl-3-heptanone (2) based on their spectral analysis. Compound 4 showed moderate cytotoxicity against human tumor cell lines, HepG2, MCF-7 and SF-268, while no significant effect were found for compounds 1-3.     

Heptaketides with antiviral activity from three endolichenic fungal strains Nigrospora sp., Alternaria sp. and Phialophora sp

Two new heptaketides, (+)-(2S,3S,4aS)-altenuene (1a) and (-)-(2S,3S,4aR)-isoaltenuene (2a), together with six known compounds, (-)-(2R,3R,4aR)-altenuene (1b), (+)-(2R,3R,4aS)-isoaltenuene (2b), 5'-methoxy-6-methyl-biphenyl-3,4,3'-triol (3), alternariol (4), alternariol-9-methyl ether (5), and 4-hydroxyalternariol-9-methyl ether (6) were isolated from the EtOAc extract of an endolichenic fungal strain Nigrospora sphaerica (No.83-1-1-2). Compounds 1a and 1b were separated from enantiomers 1 by chiral HPLC, and so were 2a and 2b from enantiomers 2. Interestingly, 1-6 were also obtained from other two endolichenic fungal strains Alternaria alternata (No.58-8-4-1) and Phialophora sp. (No.96-1-8-1). The structures of 1-6 were elucidated by means of MS, HR-MS, NMR, and X-ray diffraction. Furthermore, the absolute configurations of 1a-2b were determined by CD experiments and CD calculation. Of these compounds, 4 and 5 showed antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus (HSV) in vitro, with IC(50) values of 13.5 and 21.3 μM, and with selective index (SI) values of 26.5 and 17.1, respectively.     

Cytotoxic triterpene saponins from the leaves of Aralia elata

Phytochemical investigation of the leaves of Aralia elata has led to the isolation of four new compounds, 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl (1→3)-β-D-glucopyranosyl (1→3)-β-D-glucopyranosyl oleanolic acid (1), 3-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl (1→3)-β-D-glucopyranosyl (1→3)]-[β-D-glucopyranosyl (1→2)]-β-d-glucopyranosyl hederagenin 28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), 3-O-{[β-D-glucopyranosyl (1→2)]-[β-d-glucopyranosyl (1→3)-β-d-glucopyranosyl (1→3)]-β-D-glucopyranosyl} oleanolic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester (3) and 3-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl (1→2)]-[β-D-glucopyranosyl (1→3)]-β-d-glucopyranosyl caulophyllogenin (4) and two known compounds, 3-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl (1→3)-α-l-arabinopyranosyl]-echinocystic acid (5) and 3-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl echinocystic acid (6). The structural determination was accomplished with spectroscopic analysis, in particular (13)C-NMR, 2D-NMR and HR-ESI-MS techniques. Compounds 1-6 were tested for their inhibition of the growth of HL60, A549 and DU145 cancer cells. Compound 1 showed significant cytotoxic activity against HL60 and A549 cancer cells with IC(50) values of 6.99μM and 7.93μM respectively. In addition, compounds 5 and 6 showed significant cytotoxic activity against HL60 cancer cells with IC(50) values of 5.75μM and 7.51μM, respectively.     

Two new cytotoxic triterpenoid saponins from the roots of Clematis argentilucida

Bioassay-guided fractionation of the n-BuOH extract of the roots of Clematis argentilucida led to the isolation of two new triterpenoid saponins along with a known one, cussonside B (3). By extensive spectral analysis and chemical evidences, the structures of the two new saponins were determined to be 3β-O-[β-D-ribopyranosyl-(1→3)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-L-arabinopyranosyl] hederagenin-11,13-dien-28-oic acid (1) and 3β-O-{β-D-ribopyranosyl-(1→3)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)]-β-D-xylopyranosyl} oleanolic acid (2), respectively. Saponin 1 is the first example of triterpenoid saponins with two double bonds located at C-11 and C-13 in the aglycone from the genus Clematis. The two new saponins exhibited significant cytotoxicity against human leukemia HL-60 cell lines, human hepatocellular carcinoma Hep-G2 cell lines and human glioblastoma U251MG cell lines with a range of IC(50) values from 2.74 to 25.40μM, while 3 showed inactivity against all of the three cancer cell lines.     

欧洲山杨优良种质保存的新技术

本文对欧洲山杨优良种质保存新途径进行探讨。试验结果表明,愈伤组织或分化试管苗作为保存材料,效果很好;在低温下保存时,保存期长,保存率高;欧洲山杨3-1和欧洲山杨3-2保存温度为2～4℃,而欧洲山杨3-3为4℃;在MS培养基中增加激素含量(0.1～0.2mg/L)保存种质效果好,保存期可延长6个月。     

Nanoscale in Wood,Nanowood and Wood—Inorganic Nanocomposites

In order to introduce nano science and technology(NST) into the research field of wood science and technology,and promote the research of wood science and wood-inorganic composites to nanoscale ,some new concepts,such as the nano space in wood,nano structure units of wood and nanowood are put forward in this paper based on the layer structure of wood cell wall and the pile-up model of its main components.Furthermore,the process of preparing nanowood is discussed,and wood-inorganic nanocomposites may be operated in three ways with wood (matrix) and inorganic filler phase in 0-2,0-3 or 2-3 dimensions respectively.The following results are obtained:(1) The nanoscale voids in wood indicate that wood has inherent space to accommodate nanosized materials,such as nanoparticles,nanotubes and nanosticks;(2) According to the size from top down,the nano structure units in wood can be classified as :nanolayers,nano CMF (cellulose microfibril) and matrixd,nano crystallite units and cellulose chain clusters,and these can theroretically from nanowood;(3) The preparation of wood-inorganic nanocomposites can be operated on 0-2,0-3 or 2-3 dimensions.     

The effect of furanoheliangolides from Tithonia diversifolia on superoxide anion generation in human neutrophils

Four known lactones were isolated from Tithonia diversifolia: furanoheliangolides 1,3-dihydroxy-3,10-epoxy-8-(-2-methylpropanoyloxy)-germacra-11(13)-ene-6,12-olide (1), 1,3-dihydroxy-3,10-epoxy-8-(2-methylpropanoyloxy)-germacra-4,11(13)-diene-6,12-olide (2), 1,3-dimethoxy-3,10-epoxy-8-(2-methylpropanoyloxy)-germacra-4,11(13)-diene-6,12-olide (3) and, observed in natural source for the first time, furanoheliangolide 1-hydroxy-3-methoxy-3,10-epoxy-8-(2-methylpropanoyloxy)-germacra-4,11(13)-diene-6,12-olide (4). The activity of sesquiterpene lactones on superoxide anion (O(2)(o)(-)) generation from PMA-activated neutrophils was evaluated. Compound 1 did not show a full dose dependent behavior. The IC(100) was 8+/-1, 12+/-1, and 17+/-3 microM for 2 to 4, respectively.     

Glycocerebroside bearing a novel long-chain base from Sagina japonica (Caryophyllaceae)

A new glycocerebroside (1), along with one reported one (2), was isolated from the ethanol extract of Sagina japonica (Caryophyllaceae) and was fully characterized. The structures of two compounds were identified as (2S, 3S, 4R, 8E)-1-(β-D-glucopyranosyl-3, 4-dihydroxy-2-[(R)-2′- hydroxypalmitoyl]amino-8-heptadecaene (1) and (2S, 3R, 8E)-1-(β-D-glucopyranosyl-3-hydroxy-2-[(R)-2′-hydroxypalmitoyl]amino-8-octadecaene (2) by using spectroscopic methods (¹H, ¹³C, and 2D NMR, MS) and chemical degradation.     

Further degradation product of hyperforin from Hypericum perforatum (St John's Wort)

Repeated examination of the aerial parts of Hypericum perforatum yielded a new degradation product of hyperforin (1) namely deoxyfurohyperforin A (2), together with the previously identified furohyperforin (3), furoadhyperforin (4), furohyperforin A (5a and 5b), pyrano[7,28-b]hyperforin (6) and 3-methyl-4,6-di(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-2-(2-methyl-1-oxopropyl)-3-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)-cyclohexanone (7). The antimicrobial activity of the compounds 3, 5a and 5b, 6 and 7 was tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli.     

尾叶桉纸浆林造林密度控制技术的研究

对 5 9年生尾叶桉纸浆林生长分析表明 :(1)密度与树高、胸径呈反比。 3种密度的树高、胸径大小均为密度B >C >D。两配置树高、胸径也以配置B >A。 (2 )密度对单株材积的影响与对胸径影响的规律一致。 5 9年生时单株材积生长量以密度B最高 ,达到 0 0 85 33m3·株 - 1,是最低单株材积密度D的 2 0 4倍。两配置单株材积以配置B >A。 (3) 4 7年生时单位面积蓄积量大小为密度B >C>D ,密度B达到 94 185m3·hm- 2 ,是最低D处理蓄积量的 1 15倍 ;5 9年生时蓄积量最大者为密度C ,达到 12 7 6 0m3·hm- 2 ,是最低蓄积密度D的 1 17倍。随着时间的变化 ,密度控制尤为重要。 4 7、5 9年生时单位面积蓄积均以配置B >A ,配置B分别比配置A高 2 4 82 %、2 3 5 3%。 (4)对胸径D和冠幅CW 值用方程进行回归拟合 ,结果以乘幂CW=a×Db 拟合最好。方程表达式为CW=0 4 72 4×D0 6 715。 (5 )编制的经营密度表反映出 ,随着胸径D的递增 ,基本经营密度N0 逐渐下降 ;当D≥ 18cm时 ,N0 的下降趋势渐趋平缓     

松针内含物与马尾松毛虫生存发育关系的研究

本文用不同松树松针饲养马尾松毛虫,其结果与松针内含物的关系,经计算得出累计死亡率、化蛹率、羽化率、每个雌虫平均产卵率、周限增长率以及硬脂酸、油酸等14种。同时得出:维生素B_6(x_(13))对马尾松毛虫的化蛹、羽化和周限增长率的影响是第一位的重要因素,低沸点物质(x_8)包括萜烯类物质是影响马尾松毛虫化蛹、羽化的第二因子,苏氨酸(x_(21))是第三个因子。异亮氨酸(x_(22))是影响马尾松毛虫产卵量的第一重要因子,蛋氨酸(x_(20))是第二重要因子,维生素B_6是第三个重要因子。     

Degradation of a nonphenolic β-O-4 lignin model dimer by horseradish peroxidase with 1-hydroxybenzotriazole

Nonphenolic β-O-4 lignin substructure model dimer, 1,3-dihydroxy-2-(2,6-dimethoxyphenoxy)-1-(4-ethoxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propane (I) was degraded by horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and 1-hydroxybenztriazole (HBT). 4-Ethoxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid (II), 1-(4-ethoxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-hydroxypropanone (III), 2,3-dihydroxy-1-(4-ethoxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-formyloxypropane (IV), 2,3-dihydroxy-1-(4-ethoxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propanone (V), 1-(4-ethoxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,2,3-trihydroxypropane (VI), 1-(4-ethoxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,2,3-trihydroxypropane-2,3-cyclic carbonate (VII), and 1-(4-ethoxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,2,3-trihydroxypropane-1,2-cyclic carbonate (VIII) were identified as degradation products by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. These degradation products were qualitatively the same as those of substrate I in the laccase/HBT system, but the yield of the products was apparently different. The products catalyzed by the HRP/H₂O₂/HBT system contained large amounts of the aromatic ring cleavage products IV, VII, and VIII compared with those catalyzed by the laccase/HBT system, while the amount of Cα-Cβ cleavage product II is relatively low. These results suggest that the role of HBT is not in a simple one-electron transfer between the enzymes and substrates.     

Isolation of new flavan-3-ol and lignan glucoside from Loropetalum chinense and their antimicrobial activities

Phytochemical and antimicrobial activity study on the ethanol extract of the leaves and stems of Loropetalum chinense led to the isolation of a new flavan-3-ol compounds, 8-[1-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-methoxy-3-oxopropyl]-catechin (loropetaliside A) (1) and a new lignan glucoside, 1-(5-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(2-β-glucopyranosyl-4-hydroxy-5-(1-(E)propen-3-ol)-phenyl)-propane-3-ol (loropetaliside B) (3) and several known compounds manglieside D (2), quercetin (4), kaempferol-3-O-D-glucopyranoside (5), quercetin-3-O-β-L-rhamnoside (6) and tiliroside (7). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis.     

New sphingolipids from the root of Isatis indigotica and their cytotoxic activity

Two new sphingolipids were isolated from the 95% EtOH extract of traditional Chinese medicinal plant Isatis indigotica. Their structures were elucidated as (2S,3R)-3-hydroxymethyl-N-(2'-hydroxynonacosanoyl)-trideca-9E-sphingenine(1) and 1-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(2S,3R)-3-hydroxymethyl-N-(2'-hydroxynonacosanoyl)-trideca-9E-sphingenine(2) on the basis of spectroscopic data. Their cytotoxic effects were evaluated by using MTT method.     

Lathyrane diterpenes from Euphorbia prolifera and their inhibitory activities on LPS-induced NO production

A new lathyrane diterpene (1), an unreported spectroscopic data lathyrane diterpenene (2), and two known analaogues (3 and 4) have been isolated from Euphorbia prolifera. Their structures were elucidated as (12E,2S,3S,4R,5R,6S,9S,11S,15R)-3-butyryloxy-5,15-diacetoxy-6,17-epoxylathyra- 12-en-14-one (1), (12E,2S,3S,4R,5R,6S,9S,11S,15R)-3-propionyloxy-5,15-diacetoxy-6,17- epoxylathyra-12-en-14-one (2), (12E,2S,3S,4R,5R,6S,9S,11S,15R)-3-benzoyloxy-5,15-diacetoxy -6,17-epoxylathyra-12-en-14-one (3), and 15-O-acetyl-17-hydroxyjolkinol (4) by spectroscopic methods (IR, ESIMS, HR-ESIMS, NMR, and X-ray crystallography). The inhibitory activities on LPS-induced NO production of these diterpenes were evaluated and compounds 1, 3 and 4 showed inhibitory effects.     

Hydraulic Properties of Mor Layers in Finland

Mor, which is the most common humus form in Finnish forests, is an important interface between the mineral soil and the atmosphere through which hydraulic processes, e.g. infiltration and evaporation, take place. Hydraulic properties, i.e. water-retention characteristics and the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity K ( ) in the mor layers of low-fertility (CT) Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) sites and medium-fertility (MT) Norway spruce ( Picea abies (L.) Karst.) sites were measured on undisturbed samples. Samples were collected from four clusters, each of which contained 3-5 stands of CT and MT sites. Water retention and K ( ) were slightly higher on MT than on CT sites. With a decrease in matric potential ( ) from -4 to -60 kPa, the mean K decreased from 8.8 2 10 -3 to 1.4 2 10 -6 m d -1 and from 6.9 2 10 -3 to 4.9 2 10 -7 m d -1 at the MT and CT sites, respectively. The main source of variation both in water retention characteristics and K ( ), was the spatial heterogeneity within a stand. K ( ) did not differ statistically between stands or between clusters within either of the site types studied.