1日龄病死弱太行雏鸡病原菌的分离鉴定与病原菌传播途径初探

为了解1日龄太行雏鸡感染病原菌种类和传播途径,试验选取41只1日龄病弱雏鸡进行剖检观察病变;从肝脏等器官分离细菌,结合菌体形态、菌落特征和序列比对,对分离菌株进行鉴定;并对孵化厂蛋壳细菌污染和消毒情况进行调查。结果表明:病死弱雏鸡皮下呈胶冻样水肿,卵黄吸收不良,肝脏肿大,呈土黄色。肝脏窦状隙充满红细胞,肝细胞胞质疏松;肺泡管内有大量红细胞。共分离到细菌67株,分离率为78.80%(36/41),共感染率为46.34%(19/41)。鉴定出7种菌,其中大肠杆菌21株(31.34%)、粪肠球菌19株(28.36%)、志贺氏菌8株(11.94%)、阴沟肠杆菌5株(7.46%)、沙门氏杆菌3株(4.48%)、Pseudomonas psychrotolerans 2株(2.99%)、Massilia alkalitolerans 1株(1.49%),新发现的菌株8株(11.94%)。来自两个孵化厂的种蛋蛋壳粪肠球菌污染率为94%、66%,用甲醛或戊二醛熏蒸消毒后分别降为84%、0。在孵化后期,粪肠球菌可穿过蛋壳,渗入蛋内。说明1日龄太行鸡病死雏的感染涉及多种病原菌,但以大肠杆菌和粪肠球菌为主,细菌可能通过污染蛋壳渗入蛋内引起雏鸡感染。     

鸡大肠杆菌病研究：I.鸡E.Coli人工感染模型的建立及致病力评价

本文对分离自典型大肠杆菌病变和粪便的４５株Ｅ．Ｃｏｌｉ通过４日龄雏鸡人工感染试验建立了大肠杆菌病的人工感染模型，并对菌株的致病性进行评价。结果表明：４日龄雏鸡颈部皮下接种０．２ｍｌ菌液，接种后，前６５ｈ内雏鸡死亡率≥６０％的菌株为强致病力菌株；死亡率〈６０％，或出现典型大肠杆菌病变为中等致病力菌株；试验期不引起雏鸡死亡也无病变者为无致病力大肠杆菌。试验的１３株分离自粪便的菌株，２株为中等致病力，１     

一日龄雏鸡暴发绿脓杆菌病的诊治

1942年6月1日,我场育雏鸡舍刚转进的5400只一日龄罗曼父母代雏鸡突然大批发病死亡,虽经及时治疗,死亡率仍高达23.8％,损失惨重.经临诊症状、病理剖检和化验室检查诊断为绿脓杆菌病. 一、发病情况及临诊症状:雏鸡出壳时,死胚较多,出雏率低,且弱雏较多,MD疫苗注射后,立即转入育雏鸡舍,当日大批雏鸡便迅速发病并大量死亡.病鸡精神沉郁,嗜眠呆立,羽毛蓬乱,食欲废绝,呼吸困难,下颌肿胀,死后口腔中流出灰白色泡沫状液体,部分病鸡拉水样稀便.第二天便达死亡高峰,死亡数高达450只. 二、病理剖检:病死鸡胸腹部或颈部下颌部皮下胶冻样水肿,肝脏呈土黄色,并有出血斑,交错相混呈花纹状,心包积液,心外膜出血,气     

一起雏鸡多杀性巴氏杆菌病的诊治

我县某养鸡户饲养的1000只雏鸡,当饲养到85日龄时,鸡群发生一种以腹泻、内脏出血、迅速死亡为特征的疫病,经临床症状、剖检变化以及实验室检验,确诊为雏鸡多杀性巴氏杆菌病。现将该病的诊治情况报告如下。1临床症状病鸡表现精神委顿,羽毛松乱,食欲下降,严重腹泻,排出灰白色或绿色稀便,呼吸困难,张嘴伸颈,发生“咯,咯”咕噜声,发病当日死亡8只,第2天死亡12只,以后每天均死亡3￣5只。先后发病468只,发病率为46.8%,死亡75只;死亡率为16.0%。2剖检变化剖检8只病死鸡,共同变化表现为腹部皮下、大腿肌肉、胸肌有出血斑点;肝脏肿大,质地脆,表面散布…     

一例雏鸡绿脓杆菌病的诊治

２０００年１月，杭州某养鸡场３０００只２日龄雏鸡突然发病，先后死亡６３５只，死亡率达２１．１７％。经实验室确诊为雏鸡绿脓杆菌病，采用环丙沙星治疗，取得了明显效果，现报告如下。１临诊症状与剖检病变病鸡精神沉郁，双翅下垂，排白色稀粪，个别病鸡拉绿色粪便，站立不稳，发病死亡快。剖检可见肝脏稍肿大，胆囊充盈，脑水肿出血，个别鸡心外膜有出血点，其余未见异常。２实验室诊断２．１涂片染色无菌操作采取肝脏和脑组织涂片，革兰氏染色镜检，可见革兰氏阴性短杆菌。２．２细菌分离培养无菌取肝脏和脑组织，分别接种于普通琼脂…     

鸡因霉变麻饼中毒一例

江陵县饲料公司养鸡场,进肉雏鸡2366只,品种艾维菌,15日龄死亡35只,16日龄死亡274只,17日龄死亡1575只,三天共死亡1884只。一、症状 15日龄发现有1/3的雏鸡精神沉郁,伏卧在地,不吃食,嗜睡、翼下垂,有的病鸡患病不久便死亡;有的出现神经症状,死前惊厥,死时角弓反张,脚强直向后伸。剖检可见皮下广泛性出血。二、实验室检查 (1)涂片镜检:刮取肺脏上的结节制成涂片放到低     

雏鸡绿脓杆菌病的诊治

1发病情况与临床症状 　　1999年 1月 12日秦皇岛市某孵化场的一批 1日龄海兰褐商品代雏鸡，在注射马立克 HVT疫苗后送往饲养户。在运送途中，部分雏鸡出现脱水、怕冷、拥挤现象。到达饲养场后 6 h左右，雏鸡发病并死亡。病雏表现精神不振或沉郁，拒食，双翅下垂，站立不稳，喜蹲伏，腹部膨胀，手压有紧张感。发病死亡快，病程不到 24 h。死亡率达 20％左右。 2病理变化 　　共剖检病死鸡 20只，病变相似，肝脏稍肿大，表面有大小不等的出血斑点，并伴有灰黄色小米粒大小的坏死灶；肾有出血点；输尿管有轻度尿酸盐沉积；卵黄未吸收，卵黄…     

卵黄吸收不全雏鸡的细菌分离与初步鉴定

将卵黄吸收不全病死雏鸡的肝脏、卵黄囊直接涂片检菌和做细菌分离培养，２０群４０只雏鸡，有１８群３５只患有细菌感染，初步鉴定认为主要是鸡白痢沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌和其它肠杆菌感染。证明，卵黄吸收不全雏鸡死亡与细菌感染有关。     

新型雏鸭病毒性肝炎简报

1999年5月北京、广西等地3～13日龄北京鸭和樱桃谷鸭发生一种类似于Ⅰ型鸭病毒性肝炎的疾病，死亡率从；20％至80％左右，病鸭表现为突然发病、抽摔并很快死亡，剖检可见肝脏肿胀、表面树枝状充血或有出血点和出血斑，胆囊充盈，肾脏轻度淤血。取病死鸭肝脏做细菌分离培养阴性，然后做病毒。分离，分别从北京和广西的病料中各分离到1株病毒(编号为B株和G株)经     

雏鸡感染克雷伯氏菌的诊断

20 0 2年 9月 2 7日钦州市某种鸡场送检 8羽出壳 4 5小时内死亡的雏鸡。据流行病学调查 ,该场某批 2 5 0 0 0羽刚出壳的三黄鸡在免疫某生物制品厂生产的马立克氏病疫苗 (为火鸡疱疹病毒冻干苗 )后销售给不同地方的 8家农户饲养。 15个小时后 ,这 8群雏鸡均不同程度发病 ,雏鸡呈急性的突然死亡 ,死亡率约为5 0 %。从病死鸡分离的细菌经生化鉴定为克雷伯氏菌 ,经综合各种情况进行分析认为这可能为疫苗接种时造成感染所致。现将本次诊断过1　剖检病变剖检送检的 8羽死亡雏鸡可见肝脏肿大、出血 (6 / 8) ,肺充血、出血 (8/ 8) ,胰腺轻微出血(5 /…     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …