低温胁迫对圆叶决明的伤害及施用Ca肥防护效果的研究

圆叶决明在0℃低温下分别胁迫6、12、18、24 h后,叶片叶绿素总量较对照(25℃)下降21.89%、26.04%、28.16%、29.31%,可溶性蛋白质含量、H₂O₂含量和·O^-₂净产生速率随胁迫时间增加,活性氧清除酶SOD的活性随胁迫时间先上升后下降。施Ca²⁺处理可明显降低圆叶决明叶片·O^-₂净产生速率、H₂O₂含量和细胞质膜的电解质渗透率,同时提高了叶绿素含量和抑制活性氧的产生,其中以0.5 mmol/L浓度的CaCl₂处理效果为最佳,说明Ca²⁺对低温胁迫下圆叶决明的膜结构起有效的保护作用。     

不同金属盐强化乙醇/水预处理对蔗渣酶解效率的影响

预处理过程可以破坏木质纤维素生物质的致密结构、降低生物抗性,是木质纤维素生物质经酶解制备糖基平台化学的重要步骤。该研究以蔗渣为原料,在预处理温度为160 ℃、预处理时间为10 min时,选取0.025 mol/L 的不同金属盐FeCl₃、CrCl₃、AlCl₃、CuCl₂、FeCl₂、ZnCl₂、MnCl₂、MgCl₂、CaCl₂、NaCl、LiCl、Na₂CO₃对蔗渣进行乙醇/水预处理,并对预处理后样品进行酶解,探究不同金属盐强化乙醇/水预处理对蔗渣酶解效率的影响和规律,并进一步通过扫描电镜（scanning electron microscopy, SEM）、X射线衍射（X-ray diffraction, XRD）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, FT-IR）和热重（thermogravimetric, TG）对蔗渣原料和预处理后的固体进行表征,探究金属盐强化乙醇/水预处理后蔗渣表面形貌与结构变化对酶解效率的影响,分析作用机理。结果表明:与原料甘蔗渣相比,不同金属盐强化乙醇/水预处理后样品中葡聚糖的质量分数从45.5%增加到77.2%,预处理后样品酶解48h后的葡萄糖得率也由51.14%增加到最高93.08%。其中,三价金属盐（FeCl₃、CrCl₃和AlCl₃）对蔗渣酶解效率的提升最为显著,这可归因于三价金属盐强化乙醇/水预处理可以更加有效的去除蔗渣中的半纤维素和木质素,增加酶对纤维素的可及性。后续表征分析也表明经过三价金属盐（FeCl₃、CrCl₃和AlCl₃）强化乙醇/水预处理后的样品比经过二价金属盐（CuCl₂、FeCl₂、ZnCl₂、MnCl₂、MgCl₂和CaCl₂）和一价金属盐（NaCl、LiCl和Na₂CO₃）强化乙醇/水预处理表面结构破坏更为彻底,结晶度相对增加最大,木素和半纤维素去除率最多,热稳定性也相对最高。该研究结果将为后续木质纤维素生物质的高效转化与利用提供参考。     

金属盐强化乙醇预处理和添加剂联合对杨木酶解的影响

农林废弃物的生化转化是木质纤维类生物质能源化利用的重要手段之一。其中,木质纤维素是生物质能源最重要的形式,通过生化转化将木质纤维素转化为可发酵糖,进而转化为燃料乙醇和化学品,是生物炼制的重要途径之一。该研究以杨木为研究对象,采用不同金属盐强化的乙醇溶液对杨木进行预处理,探究不同金属盐（FeCl₃、CrCl₃、CuCl₂、FeCl₂、ZnCl₂、MnCl₂、MgCl₂、CaCl₂ NaCl和LiCl）强化乙醇预处理对杨木组分和酶解效果的影响,同时在酶解段进行不同种类添加剂（吐温80、茶皂素、牛血清白蛋白和木聚糖酶）的添加,探究不同金属盐强化乙醇预处理和不同添加剂联合对杨木酶解效率的影响,从而得到杨木酶解最优的金属氯化物和添加剂组合。结果表明：金属盐强化乙醇预处理能显著去除半纤维素和木素,破坏杨木原料的致密结构,提升预处理底物中纤维素含量,暴露更多可接触位点,提高酶对纤维素的可及性,其中三价和部分二价金属盐（过渡金属盐）强化乙醇预处理能一定程度地提升酶解效果,获得较高的葡萄糖得率。添加剂的加入可不同程度的提升酶解速度、缩短酶解时间,并提升预处理样品的最终葡萄糖得率,其中在吐温80的作用下,FeCl₃强化的乙醇预处理后杨木酶解可获最高葡萄糖得率达93.44%,该研究结果可为农林废弃物利用提供参考。     

CaCl2和6-BA溶液处理对枣果软化褐变及相关酶活性的影响

试验探讨了鲜枣贮藏过程中果肉软化褐变与PG活性、PPO活性的关系以及采前CaCl₂和6-BA溶液处理对采后枣果果肉软化褐变、PG活性、PPO活性的影响。结果表明，枣果采后硬度逐渐下降且与贮藏时间呈极显著负相关，PG活性在贮藏期间呈起伏变化，与枣果软化无显著相关性。 随贮藏时间延长果肉褐变指数逐渐增大，PPO活性逐渐升高，PPO活性与果肉软化褐变的发生相一致。采前用1% CaCl₂、15 mg/kg 6-BA以及1% CaCl₂+15 mg/kg 6-BA对枣果进行喷雾处理，能降低采后枣果的PG活性和PPO活性，抑制果肉硬度的下降和果肉的褐变进程。1% CaCl₂处理可使赞皇大枣贮藏末期的果肉硬度比对照增加1.2 kg/cm²；1% CaCl₂+15 mg/kg 6-BA处理可使赞皇大枣贮藏末期的果肉硬度增加1.5 kg/cm²。15 mg/kg 6-BA处理对枣果软化褐变及PG活性、PPO活性有一定影响，但效果不及CaCl₂处理。     

牦牛“曲拉”干酪素凝乳酶的选择及工艺参数优化

以“曲拉”为原料，研究不同酶在凝乳酶干酪素制作中的应用效果，通过L₉(3⁴)正交试验对皱胃酶、木瓜凝乳酶、微小毛霉凝乳酶3种酶最佳工艺参数进行筛选，结合生产成本，优选出微小毛霉凝乳酶为生产凝乳酶干酪素的酶制剂，其最佳工艺条件为酶浓度3.75 mL/g，pH 7，温度55℃，CaCl₂添加量12 g/kg。制品出品率73.49%，感官得分9.49，蛋白质含量85.25%，灰分7.23%，脂肪0.45%，符合QB/T3780-1999标准要求。     

籼型黑米萌芽积累γ-氨基丁酸的工艺条件研究

对稻米进行萌芽处理可以显著提高其营养成分和γ-氨基丁酸等活性物质含量,为了分析影响籼型黑米萌芽积累γ-氨基丁酸的工艺条件,采用响应面分析法对籼型黑米的浸泡温度、时间、浸泡液中Ca²⁺浓度及其萌芽培养温度和时间等条件进行了优化研究,结果表明,籼型黑米的吸水率和萌芽率受浸泡温度和时间的影响,在萌芽过程中其对γ-氨基丁酸的积累受浸泡液中Ca²⁺浓度以及萌芽培养的温度和时间等条件的影响,在28℃温度下用0.50 mmol/L CaCl₂溶液浸泡24 h后,再在29℃温度下萌芽培养30 h,其γ-氨基丁酸含量可达到55.36 mg/(100 g),为萌芽前的3.9倍。     

CrCl3预处理和表面活性剂对杨木酶解效率的影响

为了探究预处理和表面活性剂对纤维素酶水解效率的影响,该研究以杨木为研究对象,探究了温度对CrCl₃预处理的影响,同时从表面活性剂种类、用量和酶添加量3个方面分析表面活性剂对CrCl₃预处理后样品酶解的促进作用。结果表明：CrCl₃预处理对杨木组分分离有良好的促进效果,经160 ℃预处理后葡萄糖得率达到65.9%。通过结构表征发现预处理后杨木结构完整度降低,提高了纤维素的可接触面,进而提高了酶解效率。在酶解段加入木质素磺酸钙可显著缩短酶解时间,提高酶解效率,同时有效降低纤维素酶用量,最终酶解72h后葡萄糖得率达85.5%,当酶用量为该研究为提升木质纤维原料预处理效率和降低酶解成本提供了一定的理论支持。     

干燥过程气体成分对蔬菜干制品质的影响

采用自制的QTM试验装置对蔬菜进行气调干制试验，研究了不同温度条件下气体成分对苦瓜片、萝卜丝和香葱干制品质量的影响。结果表明：采用N₂或CO₂进行气体调节，降低干燥过程气体的O₂含量，可明显提高蔬菜干制品叶绿素含量和降低干制过程维生素C质量分数的损失。用指数函数拟合蔬菜干制品的叶绿素含量与O₂含量间的关系，用幂函数拟合维生素C质量分数损失率与O₂含量间的关系，回归方程置信水平都大于95%。     

浸钙对黑宝石李果实采后品质和延缓衰老的影响

采用不同浓度CaCl₂溶液浸泡黑宝石李采后果实,研究对其果实品质和延缓衰老的影响,达到延长贮藏期的目的。 结果表明：浸钙处理可显著抑制采后贮藏过程中果实可滴定酸含量、硬度和可溶性糖含量的下降,浸钙处理降低了果实可溶性固性物含量;贮藏期间浸钙处理后乙烯释放量显著低于对照,且峰值出现的时间比对照推迟15 d;浸钙处理可保持采后贮藏过程中果实较高的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和较低的丙二醛(MDA)含量,维持细胞内活性氧代谢平衡,显著降低膜脂过氧化作用,从而延缓果实成熟衰老进程,较好的保持了果实品质。4种钙浓度处理中以1％和2％CaCl₂溶液浸果效果较好。     

CO2浓度升高对不同水分条件下冬小麦生长和水分利用的影响

以CO₂浓度升高为主要特征的气候变化对作物生长发育及产量形成的影响日益受到重视。冬小麦是我国主要粮食作物之一, 主要分布在干旱及半干旱地区, 且生长期内多干旱少雨。研究不同水分条件下冬小麦的生长变化及水分利用对CO₂浓度升高的响应具有重要的科学和实践意义。本研究在封顶式生长室中对2个土壤水分水平[适宜水分: 70%~80%田间持水量; 干旱胁迫: 50%~60%田间持水量]的盆栽冬小麦进行了CO₂熏蒸试验[背景大气浓度: (396.1±29.2) μmol·mol^-1; 升高的浓度: (760.1±36.1)μmol·mol^-1]。对小麦植株生理指标、生物量、产量、耗水量和水分利用效率(WUE)等的研究结果表明, 与背景大气CO₂浓度相比, CO₂浓度升高可促进冬小麦生长, 其地上生物量显著增加, 适宜水分和干旱胁迫条件下分别增加了28.6%和18.6%; 籽粒产量显著增加, 适宜水分和干旱胁迫条件下分别增加了32.6%和22.6%; CO₂浓度升高主要通过增加穗粒数提高籽粒产量, 穗粒数在适宜水分条件下提高24.3%, 干旱胁迫条件下提高15.5%, 对千粒重没有显著影响。CO₂浓度升高使群体和产量WUE显著提高, 在适宜水分条件下提高幅度较大, 分别提高17.7%和24.8%。CO₂浓度升高显著提高了叶片光合速率(P_n)、降低了气孔导度(G_s)和蒸腾速率(T_r); 在适宜水分和干旱胁迫下P_n分别提高15.6%与12.9%, G_s分别降低22.7%与18.2%, T_r分别降低8.9%与7.5%。CO₂浓度升高提高了叶片水势及叶绿素含量; 在适宜水分条件下叶片水势提高幅度较大, 为7.7%; 叶片叶绿素含量在2种水分条件分别提高7.5%与3.8%。由以上试验结果可得出: CO₂浓度升高对冬小麦的生长、产量及水分利用效率均具有促进作用, 而且在土壤水分状况较好时, 这种作用效果更明显; CO₂浓度升高主要通过增加穗粒数来促进产量提高。     

低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响

【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。     

Pasture Vegetation Elemental Analysis by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing.     

Faculty positions:Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences

正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology,     

Biodiversity and ecogeography of wild Lactuca spp. in some European countries

Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions.     

Macroinvertebrates in North American tallgrass prairie soils: effects of fire, mowing, and fertilization on density and biomass

The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils.     

Properties of anaerobically digested and composted municipal solid waste assessed by linking soil mesofauna dynamics and nitrogen modelling

We have studied the effect of anaerobically digested (ADMSW) and composted municipal solid waste (CMSW) on mineralization and foodweb dynamics to verify the hypothesis that ADMSW would immobilize N right after addition to soil in contrast to addition with CMSW. Another hypothesis was that the mesofauna (enchytraeids and microarthropods) would stimulate N release from the decomposer community. We measured excretion of -N and urea-N from the mesofauna and hypothesized that enchytraeids would release urea. ADMSW and CMSW were amended to pots with sandy loam and barley. The pots were divided into treatments with or without mesofauna. Mesofauna, plant N and biomass, soil N and ergosterol (fungal biomass) were measured over a 113-day period of four equidistant samplings. Soil respiration, N mineralization and N release by the mesofauna were modelled from concurrent studies. ADMSW- and CMSW-treated soils initially (<20 days) immobilized N. The amendments did not increase plant growth substantially, and this was probably due to N-limitation in the early stages of plant growth. Enchytraeid abundance was about three times higher in ADMSW- than CMSW-treated soils, indicating that ADMSW contained more labile compounds, bacteria, and microfauna. The mesofauna did not affect N-content, but the cumulated -N excreted by the mesofauna was estimated to be substantial and about one-fifth of total plant N in ADMSW. An explanation for this discrepancy might be that in the absence of the mesofauna, other members of the detrivore and microbivore community performed the mesofauna’s function. Neither enchytraeids nor microarthropods excreted urea.     

Faculty positions: Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences

正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology,     

Faculty positions: Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences

正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology,     

Variation in quality parameters between and within 14 Nordic tree fruit and berry species

Abstract

A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species.     

Potassium Fixation and Release Characteristics in Rhizosphere and Nonrhizosphere Soils for a Rapeseed–Rice Cropping Sequence

Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L^?1 nitric acid (HNO₃) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L^?1 ammonium acetate (NH₄OAc) and 1.0 mol L^?1 HNO₃ extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils.