马铃薯脱毒试管苗无土栽培高产机理研究

在防虫网室中无土栽培马铃薯脱毒试管苗生产微型薯。用 9次剪尖和 8次培土的办法 ,180d平均单株结薯达 2 12 8个 ,2 10d商品粒数 (≥ 1g)达 158 2个 ;且剪尖和培土的次数与匍匐茎数、腋芽枝数和单株结薯个数有正相关关系 ,后两者均达极显著水平r1=0 90 2 3,r2 =0 94 70     

叶片数量调控对雾培马铃薯生长发育的影响

通过去叶和植株下放的处理方式改变雾化栽培马铃薯植株的源强来探讨源器官调控对植株生长的影响。结果表明:去叶和植株下放能显著增加雾化栽培马铃薯植株的高度,但会极显著降低植株的茎粗、分枝数、根系体积、单株匍匐茎数和单株合格薯块数。     

马铃薯微型薯田间繁殖的研究

以马铃薯晚熟品种“下寨６５”为试验材料,研究了离体诱导微型薯直播田间繁殖块茎繁殖脱毒田间１～５代种薯的质量和效率。结果表明,生育阶段比同品种网室繁殖脱毒小薯同代脱毒种薯略迟;生长势、株高、茎粗、主茎分枝数、单株叶面积、根系数、匍匐茎数和匍匐茎长度等生长发育指标,ＰＶＸ、ＰＶＹ、ＰＬＲＶ和ＰＶＡ等重要病毒害发病率及病情指数,干腐病和软腐病发病率,晚疫病发病率和叶面枯死率相同;未发现环腐病和黑经病。单薯重量平均４５．１ｇ,随田间种植代数增加而增大;单株结薯数、单位面积结薯数逐代减小,脱毒田间１～４代单株产量和单位面积产量逐代增加,繁殖效率与脱毒小薯相同,故离体诱导微型薯田间繁殖块茎繁殖脱毒种薯是经济有效且切实可行的。     

马铃薯脱毒种薯标准化生产技术研究——Ⅰ.不同密度栽培对块茎大小、单株结薯及产量的影响

试验利用高海拔地区的气候特点和土壤肥沃疏松条件 ,将“鄂马铃薯 3号”脱毒试管苗直接进入田间土床培育 ,在高密植栽培条件下 ,生产标准种薯。经 9个处理的试验结果表明 :随着种植密度的增加 ,单位面积上的块茎数、无效薯增加 ,大薯率降低。3～ 5 0 g结薯率最佳处理是F、H和C ,分别占83 5 0 %、83 81%和 84 5 0 % ;10 ～ 30 g结薯率最佳处理是E和F ,分别占总数的 4 3 96 %和 4 6 86 % ,产量最佳处理是E和F ,分别为 15 0 0kg/ 6 6 7m2 和 15 83kg/ 6 6 7m2 ,各处理间差异达极显著水平。单位面积结薯数与单位面积移栽株数呈极显著正相关 ,y =196 6 6 + 0 98x(r=0 98 ) ;单株结薯数与单位面积移栽株数呈极显著负相关 ,y=2 89- 0 0 0 2 2x(r =- 0 81 )。     

烯效唑对雾培马铃薯脱毒小薯繁育的影响

对雾培马铃薯植株叶片喷施烯效唑研究表明:5￣20mg·L-1的烯效唑可显著降低株高,增加茎粗,扩大叶面积,增加根系和匍匐茎长度,同时,降低植株地上鲜重和整株鲜重。说明烯效唑具有控上促下的作用,可促进叶片光合产物更多向植株的地下部分输送,有利于小薯膨大和产量的提高。叶片喷施5￣15mg·L-1烯效唑均可提高马铃薯小薯产量,其中以5mg·L-1增产作用最显著。     

马铃薯脱毒试管苗无土栽培高产机理研究：谢庆华

在防虫网室中无土栽培马铃薯脱毒试管苗生产微型薯,用９次剪尖和８次培土的办法,１８０ｄ平均单株结薯达２１２．８个,２１０ｄ商品粒数（≥１ｇ）达１５８．２个;且剪类和培土的次数与匍匐茎数、腋芽枝数和单株结薯个数有正相关关系。后两者均达极显著水平ｒ１＝０．９０２３,ｒ２＝０．９４７０。     

微型薯不同生产方式对合格薯的影响

为了探索微型薯不同生产方式对合格薯的影响,以‘夏波蒂’脱毒苗为试验材料,共设计了5个处理,分别为切头0、1、2、3和4次。结果表明,试验所设处理间切头1次原植株合格薯数最高,值为1.1个/株,不切头原植株合格薯数为0.9个/株,随切头次数增加原植株单株合格薯数呈递减趋势,从产量分析结果来看,脱毒苗切头1次与其他几个处理相比差异均达极显著水平,脱毒苗不切头与切头2次差异不显著与切头3次、4次呈极显著差异。     

磷素对甘薯生长前期源库关系建立和平衡的影响

通过2年盆栽试验研究不施磷P₀（P₂O₅ 0 g/kg）、适量施磷P_0.04（P₂O₅ 0.04 g/kg）和过量施磷P_0.08（P₂O₅ 0.08 g/kg）对鲜食型甘薯‘烟薯25’和‘普薯32’生长前期（栽后0~40 d）根系活力、根系形态分化、潜在块根重量、结薯数、薯块重量、根生物量、叶面积、茎叶生物量、根干物质分配比例、茎叶干物质分配比例及根冠比的影响。结果表明,在块根形成期（栽后0~30 d）,与不施磷处理相比,适量施磷显著提高了甘薯总根条数、根尖数、总根长、根系表面积、根系平均直径、根系体积和总根鲜重,并显著提高了根系活力,提高了潜在块根鲜重;显著提高叶面积、叶鲜重、茎鲜重、地上部总鲜重;显著提高甘薯茎叶干重、根干重和植株干重,显著增加干物质根分配比例,降低干物质茎叶分配比,显著提高根冠比,为块根形成提供良好的物质基础。而过量施磷抑制干物质在根中的分配比例,导致根冠比降低,不利于块根的形成。在封垄期（栽后40 d）,与不施磷处理相比,适量施磷可以显著增加单株结薯数（主要提高直径5 mm以上的块根数量）、单薯重和单株薯重,若继续增加施磷量将导致单株结薯数和单薯重显著降低。因此,适量施磷可以促进甘薯根系和茎叶发育,增加干物质根分配比例,降低干物质茎叶分配比,显著提高根冠比,增加甘薯单株结薯数和单薯重,提高单株薯重,促进甘薯生长前期源库关系建立和平衡,为甘薯丰产奠定基础。     

叶面调控对马铃薯新品种微型薯结薯的影响

为研究叶面调控对马铃薯微型薯结薯的影响,以丽薯6号和云薯505为材料,以清水处理为对照,设2种叶面肥和2种植物生长激素处理(叶面肥设2个浓度,植物生长激素设1个浓度)。结果表明:在叶面肥调控中,促进丽薯6号、云薯505微型薯结薯的最佳处理分别是浓度1 g/L的花多多和浓度1 g/L的K_2SO_4,2种叶面肥均能够显著增加2 g以上及2 g以下薯块数量。植物生长激素调控中,浓度5 mg/L的ABA显著提高了丽薯6号、云薯505的2 g以上微型薯结薯数;浓度5 mg/L的6-BA显著增加了2 g以下云薯505的结薯数,而丽薯6号的2 g以下结薯数减少。在微型薯繁育过程中,选择适宜的叶面调控方案能够提高单株结薯数。     

磷酸二氢钾对雾培马铃薯脱毒种薯增产的研究

通过对5个不同浓度梯度的磷酸二氢钾(KH2PO)4溶液和1个空白对照(CK)在薯块膨大期喷施雾培马铃薯叶片,探索叶面喷施KH2PO4对雾培马铃薯脱毒种薯增产的影响。结果表明,叶面喷施1～5g·L-1的KH2PO4可极显著增加匍匐茎和1 g以上种薯数量,提高大薯率和单株产量,其中以喷施4 g·L-1 KH2PO4效果最好。     

The effectiveness of using a minituber crop for selection of agronomic characters in potato breeding programmes

Summary Performance of 20 potato genotypes was studied for seven agronomic characters in crops raised from minitubers and normal seed tubers. Correlation coefficients were computed between minituber crop and normal seed crop in order to study the selection efficiency at minituber crop level. The performance of normal seed crop was significantly better than the minituber crop for various characters including tuber yield and its components. Correlation coefficients between minituber and normal seed crop were significant for various characters except number of stems and number of tubers. Highest correlation coefficient (r=0.86) was for tuber yield followed by average tuber weight (r=0.67) and number of nodes (r=0.63). The results suggest that selection for tuber yield can be practised at the minituber crop level in potato breeding programmes     

How Planting Density Affects Number and Yield of Potato Minitubers in a Commercial Glasshouse Production System

Commercial potato minituber production systems aim at high tuber numbers per plant. This study investigated by which mechanisms planting density (25.0, 62.5 and 145.8 plants/m²) of in vitro derived plantlets affected minituber yield and minituber number per plantlet. Lowering planting density resulted in a slower increase in soil cover by the leaves and reduced the accumulated intercepted radiation (AIR). It initially also reduced light use efficiency (LUE) and harvest index, and thus tuber weights per m². At the commercial harvest 10 weeks after planting (WAP), LUE tended to be higher at lower densities. This compensated for the lower AIR and led to only slightly lower tuber yields. Lowering planting density increased tuber numbers per (planted) plantlet in all grades. It improved plantlet survival and increased stem numbers per plant. However, fewer stolons were produced per stem, whereas stolon numbers per plant were not affected. At lower densities, more tubers were initiated per stolon and the balance between initiation and later resorption of tubers was more favourable. Early interplant competition was thought to reduce the number of tubers initiated at higher densities, whereas later-occurring interplant competition resulted in a large fraction of the initiated tubers being resorbed at intermediate planting densities. At low planting densities, the high number of tubers initiated was also retained. Shortening of the production period could be considered at higher planting densities, because tuber number in the commercial grade > 9 mm did not increase any more after 6 WAP.     

脱毒小薯原原种粒级、密度、品种熟性对一级原种繁殖的影响

采用马铃薯脱毒小薯不同粒级、不同密度、不同品种熟性三因子三水平正交试验，研究了原原种对一级原种的产量、单株平均结薯数及＜２５ｇ小薯所占比率的影响。结果表明：当早熟、结薯少、薯块均匀的品种原原种播种密度在１．２万株／亩以上，晚熟和中晚熟、结薯较多薯块不均匀的品种在１．０～１．２万株／亩之间，且播种粒级大于０．５ｇ／粒时，一级原种繁殖方可收到既高产又具较高的繁殖系数和较低用种量的效果。     

匍匐茎调控对雾培马铃薯生长的影响

通过剪匍匐茎尖端和祛除一次匍匐茎,研究匍匐茎,调控对雾培马铃薯植株生长发育及匍匐茎发生的影响。结果表明,两种匍匐茎调控方式对植株根茎叶生长影响极显著。剪匍匐茎尖端和祛除一次匍匐茎均能有效抑制植株株高,增加叶面积系数、叶绿素含量,延缓根系衰老并促进匍匐茎生成。     

Anatomical evidence for the existence of roots on potato tubers and stolons

Roots on potato tubers and stolons displayed the normal root anatomy which consisted of a central vascular cylinder surrounded by endodermis with Casparian strips, the cortex and epidermis. Tuber roots appear to initiate from the parenchyma cells adjacent to the vascular tissue. Shoot tips were similar to normal apical meristems. These observations support our research demonstrating the growth of functional roots from potato tubers and stolons.     

氮肥基追肥比例对马铃薯微型薯生产的影响

为探讨马铃薯微型薯合理的氮肥施肥方式,以‘早大白’马铃薯脱毒试管苗为材料,在温室内进行了氮肥不同基施和追施比例对马铃薯微型薯生产影响的试验。结果表明:在施氮肥量为纯氮105 kg/hm2条件下,单株结薯方面,基追比为5:2时,单株结薯最多,全部做基肥的处理,单株结薯最低;单粒重方面,基追比为2:1时,单粒重最大,全部追肥的处理最低。可见氮肥基施和追施配合有利于提高单株结薯率及平均单粒重。因此,微型薯生产重视氮肥基施同时配合追施比较符合移栽的试管苗对氮肥的吸收规律。     

Production of potato minitubers by repeated harvesting: Effects of crop husbandry on yield parameters

Summary Minitubers can be produced in large quantities by repeated harvesting of tubers from in vitro propagated plantlets at 4, 7 and 10 weeks after transplanting to the glasshouse at high plant densities. Yield parameters of minitubers can be manipulated by crop husbandry. By supplying nutrients or using a square plant arrangement, minituber yield increased. Effects on numbers of tubers were cultivar-dependent. Changing plant density from 50 to 800 plants per m² or the minimal diameter of harvested tubers from 5 to 12 mm did not significantly affect tuber yield per m². Higher plant densities resulted in more tubers per m² but fewer tubers per plant. Removing smaller tubers greatly increased the number of small tubers, but did not affect yield and number of tubers in larger grades. Crop husbandry techniques affected minituber yield mainly through their effects on leaf area duration, and the number of minitubers through their effects on growth of tubers to a harvestable size.     

Varietal differences in the response of potatoes to repeated short periods of water stress in hot climates. 2. Tuber yield and dry matter accumulation and other tuber properties

Summary The effect of repeated short periods of water stress during the hot season on six potato cultivars was investigated. The number of tubers per plant tended to decrease in response to water stress in cultivars which had more than 9.8 tubers per control plant (Désirée, Alpha, Elvira). In the other cultivars, no consistent effect of water stress on tuber number per plant was observed. Except for Spunta, the percentage of large tubers (>60 g/tuber) was reduced in the water-stressed plants. Consequently, the average weight of these tubers was greater than that of tubers harvested from the unstressed plants, indicating that the sink force of the individual tuber was not impaired by drought. However, tuber yield per plant was reduced due to drought in all cultivars tested. The smallest decrease in dry matter accumulation as well as the greatest lowering of the osmotic potential in the tuber tissue was found in Alpha. No consistent effect of water stress on the percentage of misshapen and sprouting tubers was observed, indicating the marked effect of the high temperature on these traits. Contribution from the Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel, No 310-E, 1981 series. This investigation was sponsored by a grant from the Ministry for Development Cooperation of the Netherlands.     

Stem thinning in potato as a pre-selection index

Using the potato seedling B7906-1, stem thinning was carried out on plants having three, four, or five stems per hill. Treatments ranged from intact plants to those thinned by one, two, or three stems each. Data on the effect of stem thinning on yield and other vegetative parameters were analysed using an analysis of variance. Unlike leaf parameters, stem height and number of stolons per plant generally decreased with an increase in stem thinning. Within a control group, represented by the intact plants having the three stem densities used for treatments, the degree of association among different vegetative parameters and the measure of their contribution towards yield were determined by correlation and path coefficient analyses, respectively. Given the effect of number on weight of tubers per plant, the assessment of yield as affected by stem density treatments was confined to the former parameter. Among all parameters, number of stolons per plant was the most effective contributor to number of tubers harvested. The decrease in that parameter as a result of stem thinning, however, was not accompanied by a corresponding decrease in tuber number. The following relationship could be discerned: as number of stolons per plant decreased several stem parameters increased. Based on correlation and path analyses, it is suggested that the induced increase in number of compound leaves per stem could have compensated, directly or indirectly, for the adverse effect of stolon number on yield. Through stem density manipulation, the yield output of a variety in response to quantitatively induced, more diverse, vegetative characteristics could be evaluated.