对目前建筑工程招投标的思考

招投标是市场经济发展的必然产物。建筑工程实行招标，是我国建设管理体制改革的一项重要内容，是我国改革开放的需要，也是与国际接轨的需要。通过分析对建筑工程招标过程的现状，提出了相应的解决对策，旨在共同提高建筑工程招投标工作的水平。     

加强对招投标代理机构与评标专家的监管

最近几年以来我国一直通过推行招标制度来规范和约束采购人的采购行为,为了保证采购的公开、公正和公平,先后出台了相关法律法规进行监督管理。在招标活动进行中,主要的当事人有评标专家和招投标代理机构、招标人、投标人等,其中招投标代理机构和评标专家作为客观独立的第三方,负主要的责任,对于招投标工作来说有着很大的影响。文章对此做了深入研究,首先分析了在招投标过程中关于评标专家和招投标代理机构工作方面存在的问题,并结合实际需要提出了加强二者监管的有效策略。     

建筑工程招投标中控制工程造价的策略分析

在质量势均力敌的情况下,价格优势必然会帮助建筑企业得到发展,尤其是对招投标阶段的造价控制更是关系到建筑项目的经济效益和社会效益。据此,分析了影响我国建筑工程招投标阶段造价管控的几个关键因素,最后提出了相应的解决对策,以期为我国建筑行业的持续发展提供参考。     

对无标底投标工程报价合理性的探讨

我国自《招标投标法》实行以来,电网输变电工程的施工实行了招投标制度。为了使工程招标能够更加公开、公平、公正,国家电网公司从2004年起就对直管工程项目的招标采取无标底招标方式。国家电网公司的这种招标方式在近年来的实践和改进中，越来越成熟，不但大大降低了工程造价，杜绝了串标操作，也更加接近了国际惯例。     

供电企业招投标法律风险管控

<正>随着电力体制改革逐步进入深水区、《中华人民共和国招标投标法》和《中华人民共和国招标投标法实施条例》的深入实施以及电网企业业务外委的规范要求,如何防范企业招投标法律风险已成为供电企业必须正确面对、认真研究、加强管控的重要课题。供电企业通过近年来开展"依法治企"工作,积极推进法律风险防范体系建设,招投标工作得到极大完善,但在个别企业、部分领域仍然存在着一定的违规现象,需要进一步重     

浅议招投标法对于电力企业的作用和影响

随着市场经济的建立,公平竞争是市场的必然要求,经过招投标而签订合同是大势所趋,也是国际通行的做法,招投标法的颁布和实施,也正是顺应这一历史要求的具体体现,招投标在电力公司物资采购领域的作用也将越来越重要。保证物资采购公开、公平、公正1999年3月15日通过,同年10月1日施行的《中华人民共和国合同法》第十六章"建设工程的招投标活动,应当依照有关法律的规定公开、公平、公正进行。"1997年2月15日原电力工业部发布的《电力工业利用国际金融组织和外国政府贷款项目设备国际竞争性招标暂行办法》第三条规定:"国际招标和投标都必须遵循我     

丘陵地区农业综合开发工程招投标办法的成功尝试

在总结农业综合开发工程招投标工作经验的基础上．针对丘陵地区的贫困县农业综合开发招标工程固有的特殊性．提出了实践性强，便于操作的工程招投标工作规程。对其他相似地区有一定借鉴意义。     

疏浚工程投资控制

疏浚工程的投资控制贯穿于整个工程的估算、概预算和结算过程.结合深圳市的疏浚项目,对可行性研究、初步设计、施工图纸、招投标及竣工结算等阶段的投资控制进行了论述.认为对建设规模与标准的审查、采用最低价方式招标、严格工程量计量是控制疏浚工程投资的有效办法.     

论农业建筑工程设计作品著作权侵权法律风险防范

完整的权益保护链条应当包含事前防范、事中控制和事后救济三部分内容,对于农业建筑工程设计作品著作权保护而言也不例外,依此脉络,首先分析如何构建相应的保护制度来实现对农业建筑工程设计作品著作权纠纷的事前防范,进而论述如何在招投标过程中实现农业建筑工程设计作品著作权保护的事中控制,最后阐述农业建筑工程设计作品著作权侵权行为发生后的事后救济措施.     

新疆水利工程施工招投标分析

在城乡经济发展中,水利工程应当构成其中的核心与基础。从目前现状来看,水利项目建设通常会涉及到较多的流程与环节,在这其中的招投标应当属于关键。工程招投标是否顺利,直接关系到整个水利项目的质量,同时也决定着后期进行的水利施工。水利工程的有关负责人应当依照现行的招投标流程来完成项目投标与项目招标工作,在此前提下保障水利项目的整体建设质量,进而提升水利项目施工的科学性以及合理性。对于新疆地区的水利工程而言,应当明确工程招投标的基本内容及其重要事项;结合新疆水利工程的建设现状,探求健全施工招投标的可行措施。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。