甘加型藏羊选育效果浅析

甘加型藏羊本品种选育核心群公母羔平均初生重为4.15＋0.59kg和4．02＋0．53kg;3月龄公羔体重、体高、体长、胸围同比未选育群3月龄公羔分别提高4．42kg、4．34cm、5．05cm和5．98cm,3月龄母羔体重、体高、体长、胸围同比未选育群3月龄母羔分别提高2．37kg、5,1cm、5．17cm和4．77cm,均差异极显著（P〈0．01）。6月龄公羔同比未选育群6月龄公羔体重提高2．98kg差异极显著（P〈0．01）,6月龄母羔同比未选育群6月龄母羔体重提高3．64kg差异极显著（P〈0．01）。选育核心群18月龄公羊同比对照18月龄公羊体重提高6.18kg,剪毛量提高0．06kg差异不显著（P〉0．05）;18月龄母羊同比对照体重提高5．26kg差异极显著（P〈0．01）,剪毛量提高0．15kg差异显著（P〈0.05）。经过三年的严格选育,核心群的羊只结构有了显著变化,种公羊和适龄母羊的比例更加合理,适龄母羊优秀个体比例显著提高,其中特级提高了4．7个百分点,一级提高了10、7个百分点。     

德国肉用美利奴羊与兴安细毛羊杂交一代产肉性能的研究

利用德国肉用美利奴羊为父本，改良兴安细毛羊的产肉性能，通过德兴F1杂交后代产肉性能的测定，增重效果极显著，德兴F1杂交后代肉质鲜嫩上膘快，在自然放牧条件下，6月龄平均日增重达225g，达到德国肉用美利奴品种标准；6月龄公羔较兴安细毛羊公羔体重高5．7kg，提高了14．18％；18月龄体重高4．4kg，提高7．93％，经显著性检验，差异显著（P＜０．０１）；胴体重较兴安细毛羊６月龄和１８月龄分别高４．１kg和４．０９kg，分别提高２５．０３％和１６．２１％，经显著性检验，差异极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）；净肉重较兴安细毛羊６月龄和１８月龄分别高４．１３kg和３．７４kg,分别提高３３．７１％和１７．９８％，经显著性检验，差异极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）。     

萨福克羊与宁夏土种绵羊杂一代育肥试验

试验结果表明，萨杂F1羊的初生重，3月龄和6月龄的体重均显著高于土种羊（P＜0．01），经育肥的8－9月龄阉羊屠宰测定表明，F1的宰前活重，胴体重和净肉重分别为35．80kg,18.34kg和14．40kg，均显著高于土种羊（P＜0．01），屠宰率为51．23％，胴体净肉率为78．52％，眼肌面积15．20cm2，骨肉比为1．0：5．17，均优于土种羊，每只杂种羊比土种羊增收75．40元。     

羊寄生虫病综合防治效益对比试验

通过对白绒山羊和陕细毛羊进行防疫注射、药物灌服和药浴等综合防治后，成年母羊和周岁母羊增重极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１），育成羔羊增生显著；白绒山羊成年母羊和周岁母羊产绒量分别提高２４％和２７．２％，陕北细毛羊成年母羊和育成盖羊剪毛量分别提高１０．２％和１４．７％；羔羊断奶重、育成重提高极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）。综合防治使成年母羊受胎率和产羔率明显提高，流产率降低，白绒山羊成年母羊繁殖成活率提高２４％，陕北细     

夏洛莱高代次公羊改良本地细毛羊的效果

用夏洛莱高代次公羊（F2，F3）改良本地细毛羊，所产公羔羊在断奶后集中进行育肥，生产肥羔肉。与本地细毛羊繁殖羔羊在同等条件同期对比试验。结果表明：夏洛莱改良羔羊的平均初生重比细毛羔羊初生重增加1.16kg，差异非常显著（P＜0．01）；断乳重比细毛羔羊增加5.9kg差异非常显著（P＜0．01）；宰前活体重比细毛羔羊增加11.4kg差异非常显著（P＜0．01）；屠宰率比细毛羔羊提高11.3%，差异非常显著（P＜0．01）；净肉率提高9.7%，差异非常显著（P＜0．01）。     

不同杂交组合F1羔羊屠宰性能分析

利用引进的国外优质肉用萨福克羊与本地绵羊进行杂交，对杂交羔羊屠宰性能进行测定。结果表明：萨土杂交一代羔羊的宰前活重（40．74kg）、胴体重（23．2kg）、屠宰率（56．9％）、肉骨比（3．89）、眼肌面积（15．50cm^2）显著高于本地土种羊（P〈0．05）；萨细组合宰前活重（34．72kg）、胴体重（18．9kg）、屠宰率（54．4％）、肉骨比（3．03）、眼肌面积（13．50cm^2）显著高于本地细毛羊（P〈0．05）。结论：利用萨福克羊杂交改良本地绵羊，在提高屠宰性能方面取得了较好效果。     

云南黑山羊新品系产肉性能的研究

对云南（肉用）黑山羊新品系周岁公羊、6月龄公羊、羯羊进行产肉性能研究。结果表明：宰前活重分别达到（49．0±8．72）kg、（34．1±4．60）kg、（33．7±4．35）kg；带皮胴体重分别达到（27．27±4．64）kg、（18．57±2．48）kg、（18．47±1．94）kg；屠宰率达到（55．70±0．53）％、（54．51±1．67）％、（54．87±1．80）％；眼肌面积达到（11．68±2．49）cm2、（9．92±0．95）cm2、（9．03±1．88）cm2；胴体GR值达到（0．57±0．12）cm、（0．79±0．10）cm、（0．84±0．18）cm；大腿肌肉厚度（2．73±0．32）cm、（2．57±0．15）cm、（2．53±0．49）cm；腰部肌肉厚度（4．81±0．58）cm、（4．05±0．32）cm、（4．48±0．15）cm；皮率（11．73±1．03）％、（7．98±0．76）％、（6．25±0．48）％；骨率（18．10±1．16）％、（21．03±2．41）％、（22．55±2．95）％；肉率（65．19±2．76）％、（67．57±2．98）％、（67．90±3．09）％；油率（4．98±1．19）％、（3．42±0．87）％、（3．30±0．55）％；云南黑山羊新品系早期生长快，产肉性能高，肉质好，可作为生产山羊肥羔和生产大型肉用山羊种质资源。     

欧拉型藏羊羔羊育肥试验

本试验结果表明：欧拉型藏羊羔羊在秋季放牧加补饲料颗粒料,自由采食,短期育肥,10月龄平均体重和日增重分别达到46．22kg和243g（P〈0．01）,比对照组提高5．94kg和110．64g（P〈0．01）;体高、体长、胸围和胸宽分别比对照组提高2．29mm,3．42mm,2．77mm和1mm,增重和生长发育潜力较大;胴体重达到21．40kg,比对照组提高5．28kg（P〈0．01）,屠宰率达到47．45％,提高16．36％（P〈0．05）,羊多收入27．66元／只。     

萨福克和陶塞特羊与藏羊杂交一代羊的生长育肥试验

试验结果表明：萨藏F1和陶藏F1的初生重与青海藏羊差异不显著，在相同的饲养管理条件下， 哺乳期和8月龄体重、体长、胸宽、胸深、尻宽和管围极显著高于青海藏羊（P<0.01）；萨藏F1和陶藏F1羔羊平均体重达到34.74和34.96 kg，分别比青海藏羊高7.56和7.78 kg，差异极显著（P＜0.01）；分别多收入49.14元和50.57元，经济效益显著。     

杜泊羊、萨福克羊、无角陶赛特羊与小尾寒羊杂交优势利用研究

试验选杜寒F1、杜寒F2、萨寒F1、陶寒F1以及小尾寒羊共54只（3月龄断奶公羔），按对等原则分组，每组10～12只。研究探讨同一营养水平条件下，全颗粒料饲喂，对不同杂交育肥羔羊产肉力及肉品质的影响。结果表明：杜寒F1平均日增重313g，饲料报酬5．17：1，比小尾寒羊分别提高12．59％和10．71％；比萨寒F1提高14．23％和12．82％；比陶寒F1提高10．99％和l6．34％（P〈0．05）；比杜寒F2高出11．79％和3．7％。杜寒F1、杜寒F2、萨寒F1和陶寒F1屠宰率分别比小厄枣羊提高1．8、5．9、1．5和2．5百分点；净肉率分别比小尾寒羊提高4．6、4．2、3．1和3．1百分点。杜寒F1、杜寒F2和陶寒F1眼肌面积均大于小尾寒羊（P〈0．05）；大理石纹萨寒F1〉杜寒F1〉杜寒F2〉陶寒F1〉小尾寒羊。肌肉的剪切值则杜寒F2〈陶寒F1〈杜寒F1〈小尾寒羊〈萨寒F1。饲养1只杜寒F1与杜寒F2肥羔羊，按试验期平均增重25kg计算，比小尾寒羊增收26元和12．75元。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.