应用PAPD方法对鸡败血霉形体DNA多态性的研究

用随机扩增多态性ＤＮＡ（ＲＡＰＤ）方法,通过筛选的５个随机引物（ＯＰＨ－０２,ＯＰＨ－０５,ＯＰＨ－０７,ＯＰＨ－１３,ＯＰＧ－１６）,对１４株鸡败血霉形体（ＭＧ）国际标准株和国内分离株进行了ＤＮＡ多态性研究。结果表明,５个引物共产生２１种条带,其中有３个条带分别为２个菌株所特有,扩增产物片段的长度在１５０～４５００ｂｐ之间,所有菌株均有１条共同条带,以ＯＰＨ－０５扩增产物的多态性最丰富。根据样品ＤＮＡ所获得的菌株间相似性指数表明,Ｄ９６０３与Ｄ９６０７相似指数最高,Ｓ６,Ｋ３９１３和Ｄ９６０４三者相互间相似性指数最低。提示ＲＡＰＤ方法可用于霉形体遗传标记的分析。     

应用聚合酶链反应检测鸡毒霉形体和滑液霉形形体的研究

利用鸡毒霉形体与滑液霉形体基因一定区域互补的序列,合成能分别对ＭＧ和ＭＳ目的基因的２对引物。和这２对引物对１０个国际标准的ＭＧ与ＭＳ菌株ＤＮＡ模板进行ＰＣＲ扩增,结果均得到与预期大小相一 的约７３２ｂｐ（ＭＧ）和２０７ｂｐ（ＭＳ）的ＰＣＲ产物。     

鸡毒支原体PCR检测及特异扩增片断的克隆与测序

根据Ｅ．Ｒ．Ｎascimento等人鸡毒支原体（Ｍycoplasma gallisepricum,ＭＧ）基因文库 分离的种特异性片段fＭＧ－２序列,设计合成一对长２５bp的引物Ｌ１Ｒ１,经ＰＣＲ反 应条伯优化选择,对５株ＭＧＤＮＡ扩增均产生出预期的７３２bp特异扩增片断,而不能扩增滑液支原体（Ｍycoplasma synouiae,ＭＳ）、Ｅ．coli、ＰＵＣ１９质粒ＤＮＡ,符合 设计要求;ＤＩＧ随机引物法标记扩增产物ＤＮＡ探针,与上述菌株ＤＮＡ Ｄot-blot杂交     

应用多重聚合酶链反应检测鸡毒霉形体和滑液霉形体的研究

根据鸡毒霉形体（ＭＧ）、滑液霉形体（ＭＳ）的基因文库,设计并合成了分别与ＭＧ、ＭＳ某段基因序列互补的两对引物,用这两对引物进行多重聚合酶链反应同时检测ＭＧ与ＭＳ。当样品中同时含有ＭＧ和ＭＳ的目的模板ＤＮＡ时,同时得到２条大小与试验设计相符的７３２ｂｐ（ＭＧ）和２０７ｂｐ（ＭＳ）的ＰＣＲ扩增带;而对其它８种禽病病原的扩增均为阴性,敏感性测定结果表明,多重ＰＣＲ技术最低能同时检出１００ｆｇ的ＭＧ、ＭＳ     

采用二温式聚合酶链反应扩增鸡喉气管炎病毒TK基因的研究

建立了检测鸡喉气管炎病毒（ＩＬＴＶ）的二温式聚合酶链反应（二温式ＰＣＲ）,根据已报道的ＩＬＴＶ ＴＫ基因的序列,设计并合成了１对引物,用二温式ＰＣＲ对５株不同ＩＬＴＶ ＤＮＡ进行扩增。该对引物对５株ＩＬＴＶ ＤＮＡ均扩增出与预期大小相一致的６４７ｂｐ的扩增产物,而对新城疫病毒（ＮＤＶ）、传染性支气管炎病毒（ＩＢＶ）、禽呼肠孤病毒（ＡＲＶ）、禽沙门氏菌、鸡毒霉形体和禽巴氏杆菌等６种禽病病原体的扩增,     

RAPD技术对地方鸡种群体遗传结构的分析

利用ＲＡＰＤ技术对４个地方鸡种和１个引进鸡种的群体遗传结构进行分析，通过筛选的５个随机引物ＯＰＨ－０２、ＯＰＨ－０５、ＯＰＨ－１３、ＯＰＨ－１６、ＯＰＧ－０７对５个鸡种的池ＤＮＡ进行多态性研究，结果表明：５个引物共产生条带６１个，扩增产物片段的长度一般从１５０ｂｐ－４ｋｂ。     

制备K700bp成探针与美意和平湖两品系西蜂RAPD—PCR扩增产物及它们基因 …

Ｋ７００ｂｐ是高产蜜西蜂引物Ｋ（５’－ＣＧＧＣＣＣＣＴＧＣ－３’），通过ＲＡＰＤ－ＰＣＲ扩增出来的一个特有ＤＮＡ片段。然后将Ｋ７００ｂｐ制备成探针再与高、低产蜜西蜂的ＰＣＲ产物及它们的基因组进行杂交。结果Ｋ７００探针只与高产蜜西蜂的ＰＣＲ产物及其基因组杂交，证明Ｋ７００ｂｐ确实是高产蜜西蜂的一个特有ＤＮＡ片段。     

制备K700bp成探针与美意和平湖两品系西蜂RAPD-PCR扩增产物及它们基因组DNA分子杂交的研究

Ｋ７００ｂｐ 是高产蜜西蜂引物Ｋ（５’－ ＣＧＧＣＣＣＣＴＧＣ－ ３’） ，通过ＲＡＰＤ－ ＰＣＲ 扩增出来的一个特有ＤＮＡ 片段。然后将Ｋ７００ｂｐ 制备成探针再与高、低产蜜西蜂的ＰＣＲ 产物及它们的基因组进行杂交。结果Ｋ７００探针只与高产蜜西蜂的ＰＣＲ 产物及其基因组杂交，证明Ｋ７００ｂｐ 确实是高产蜜西蜂的一个特有ＤＮＡ 片段。     

用PCR技术从同一兔出血症病料扩增和检出2种病毒核酸

应用 Ｐ Ｃ Ｒ 和 Ｒ Ｔ Ｐ Ｃ Ｒ 技术，对兔出血症病毒核酸作了鉴定。分别设计合成 ２ 对 Ｐ Ｃ Ｒ 扩增特异性引物，即按兔出血症病毒中国分离的 Ｎ Ｊ株核酸序列合成 １ 对引物（ Ｎ Ｊ引物），按德国分离的 Ｆ Ｒ Ｇ 株核酸序列合成另 １ 对引物（ Ｆ Ｒ Ｇ 引物），进行 Ｐ Ｃ Ｒ 和 Ｒ Ｔ Ｐ Ｃ Ｒ。从纯化的病毒核酸样品和感染 Ｄ Ｊ Ｒ Ｋ 细胞的病毒核酸样品中，均扩增出 ２ 对引物范围内的特异性核酸片段， Ｎ Ｊ引物扩增产物为 ３６４ ｂｐ， Ｆ Ｒ Ｇ 引物扩增产物为 ５１３ｂｐ。模板用 Ｒ Ｎａｓｅ 消化后，仍出现 ３６４ ｂｐ 带，用 Ｄ Ｎａｓｅ Ｓ１ 消化，则此带消失；反之，用 Ｄ Ｎａｓｅ Ｓ１ 消化，出现５１３ ｂｐ 带，用 Ｒ Ｎａｓｅ 消化，则此带消失，证实前者模板为 Ｄ Ｎ Ａ，后者为 Ｒ Ｎ Ａ。 Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ 杂交试验证实， Ｐ Ｃ Ｒ扩增出的核酸片段与各自的地高辛标记特异性探针发生强阳性杂交反应。由此认为，在兔出血症病毒感染中，同时存在着 ２ 种不同核酸型的病毒。     

用种特异性DNA探针对鸡败血霉形体病田间样本的检测

用种特异性ＤＮＡ探针对鸡败血霉形体病田间样本的检测Ｍ．Ｉ．ＫｈａｎＳ．Ｈ．Ｋｌｅｖｅｎ王贵平摘译用种特异性鸡败血霉形体（ＭＧ）ＤＮＡ探针对产蛋下降和ＭＧ可疑感染鸡群进行检测，并同常规血清学的病原分离作比较，ＭＧＤＮＡ探针可在２天内清楚地鉴定出直接来自...     

鸡毒支原体PCR检测方法的建立

根据已发表的鸡毒支原体种特异性序列fMG-2设计1对引物,建立检测鸡毒支原体的PCR方法.该法对鸡毒支原体能特异性扩增726 bp的目的片段,而对其他禽病原DNA模板的扩增结果为阴性.建立的PCR方法对鸡毒支原体的最少检出量为3 Pg.用建立的PCR方法对临床采集的样品进行检测,同时对相应的样品进行细菌分离,结果临床样品PCR的阳性检出率为20.5%,细菌分离培养的阳性率为0.9%,表明PCR的敏感性高于细菌分离鉴定.     

Development and application of a multiplex polymerase chain reaction for avian respiratory agents

A multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was developed and optimized to simultaneously detect 6 avian respiratory pathogens. Six sets of specific oligonucleotide primers for infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), avian influenza virus (AIV), infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV), Newcastle disease virus (NDV), Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG), and Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) were used respectively in the test. With the use of agarose gel electrophoresis for detection of the PCR-amplified DNA products, the sensitivity of detection was between 10 pg for IBV, AIV, MG, and ILTV and 100 pg for NDV and MS after 35 cycles of PCR. Similar sensitivity of these primers was achieved with chickens experimentally infected with respiratory pathogens. In experimental infections, the multiplex PCR was able to detect all the infected chickens in each group at I and 2 wk postinfection as compared with serologic tests at 2 wk postinfection that confirmed the presence of specific antibodies. The multiplex PCR was also able to detect and differentiate coinfections with two or more pathogens. No specific DNA amplification for respiratory avian pathogens was observed among noninoculated birds kept separately as a negative control group.     

用探针杂交法检测鸡毒支原体和滑液囊支原体

根据鸡毒支原体(MG)和滑液囊支原体(MS)的16SrRNA基因序列，设计并合成了探针MG和MS共同目的基因，跨幅为580bP的一对引物。用这对引物对2个标准的MG和1个标准的Ms菌株DNA模板进行聚合酶锭反应(PcR)，结果得到了预期大小约580bP的PcR产物。回收纯化琼脂糖电泳凝肢中的MG扩增产物克隆至T载体中，DIG随机引物法合成核酸探针，斑点杂交试验对MG和MS均呈阳性，检测灵敏度分别为2ng和3ng，其它对照菌(毒)株为阴性。     

Use of an alkaline phosphatase-labelled probe for the detection of Mycoplasma synoviae in chickens

Short nucleotides directly labelled to alkaline phosphatase (SNAP probes) are an interesting alternative to digoxigenin-labelled probes (DIG probes), because they reduce the number of steps necessary in dot blots for the detection of DNA or amplificate. This study examined the questions whether a SNAP probe might not only save time, but also increase the sensitivity of another PCR-based DNA probe test using a digoxigenin probe. Amplificates obtained by multispecies polymerase chain reaction (PCR), with either purified genomic DNA or DNA extracted from tracheal swabs taken in chicken flocks, were detected by both methods. The results for the clinical specimens were compared to culture. Under stringent conditions, the specificity and sensitivity obtained with the SNAP probe were comparable to the results obtained with the DIG probe. The quantities 10 fg (SNAP probe) and 100 fg (DIG probe) of purified Mycoplasma synoviae DNA were detected after amplification, but more positive clinical specimens were detected with the DIG probe. Under non-stringent conditions sensitivity with purified DNA did no change, but the coloration of the dots improved markedly, and more positive specimens could be detected with the SNAP probe than with the DIG probe, truly positives as confirmed by culture. Because cross-reaction with Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma imitans, two species with DNA that was also recognized by the multispecies primers, occurred under non-stringent conditions, it was concluded that, to take the full advantage of SNAP probes, their use in combination with species-specific primer pairs is recommended. PCR as a method for mycoplasma detection is however, always accompanied with serological and cultural methods. When a M. synoviae mono-infection is likely by serological results, non-stringent dot blot conditions and use of the SNAP probe will ease and improve the detection of mycoplasma.     

Development and Application of a Duplex PCR Assay for Detecting Mycoplasma ovipneumiae and Mycoplasma arginini

In order to establish a duplex PCR method for simultaneous detection of Mycoplasma ovipneumiae and Mycoplasma arginini, specific primers of Mycoplasma ovipneumiae and Mycoplasma arginini were designed, and evaluated its sensitivity and specificity after optimizing the reaction conditions of PCR.Then, a total of 40 nasal swabs were tested by duplex PCR.The assay could specifically amplify PCR fragments of 545 and 806 bp from Mycoplasma ovipneumiae and Mycoplasma arginini, respectively.While no PCR products were detected for other pathogens.The detection limits of the assay were determined to be 100 pg/μL for Mycoplasma ovipneumiae and 10 pg/μL for Mycoplasma arginini.The duplex PCR could detect Mycoplasma ovipneumiae and Mycoplasma arginini, and the coincidence rate could reach as high as 92.5% with enrichment culture about the 40 nasal swabs.The results suggested that the duplex PCR could be useful for clinical detection of Mycoplasma ovipneumiae and Mycoplasma arginini.     

绵羊肺炎支原体和精氨酸支原体双重PCR检测方法的建立及应用

为建立绵羊肺炎支原体和精氨酸支原体的双重PCR检测方法,本试验分别设计了绵羊肺炎支原体和精氨酸支原体的特异性引物,优化反应条件后对其特异性和敏感性进行评价,并对40份鼻拭子进行了检测。结果显示,该方法能同时扩增出绵羊肺炎支原体545 bp和精氨酸支原体806 bp的特异性片段,而对其他病原的DNA扩增均为阴性。该双重PCR方法对绵羊肺炎支原体和精氨酸支原体的最低检测限分别为100和10 pg/μL。40份鼻拭子检测结果显示,双重PCR检测方法与分离培养法符合率高达92.5%,均能鉴定出绵羊肺炎支原体和精氨酸支原体。结果表明,本研究建立的双重PCR方法可用于绵羊肺炎支原体和精氨酸支原体的临床快速诊断。     

Evaluation and comparison of various PCR methods for detection of Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection in chickens

Four genetic Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) polymerase chain reactions (PCRs) (16s rRNA PCR, three newly developed PCR methods that target surface protein genes [mgc2, LP (nested) and gapA (nested)]) were compared for analytical specificity and sensitivity and for diagnostic sensitivity (Se) and specificity of detection from tracheal swabs. The licensed MG DNA Test Kit Flock Chek test (IDEXX, Laboratories, Inc., Westbrook, ME) was as well evaluated for the diagnostic specificity and sensitivity of detection from tracheal swabs. Analytical specificity was evaluated for the four generic PCR methods using a panel of DNA samples from microorganisms that may be isolated from the trachea of commercial poultry and other fowl. PCR methods mgc2, nLP, and ngapA only amplified DNA from MG, whereas 16S rRNA PCR amplified DNA from MG and Mycoplasma imitans. The analytical sensitivity of the four generic PCR methods expressed in color-changing units (CCU)/amplification reaction was estimated for each PCR method and ranged from 4 to 400 CCU/reaction; the sensitivities of single PCR methods 16S rRNA and mgc2 were estimated at 40 CCU/reaction, the nLP at 400 CCU/reaction, and the ngapA at 4 CCU/reaction. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of MG detection from tracheal swab pools, as compared to isolation from choanal cleft swabs, was evaluated for the five PCR methods using three groups of birds exposed to vaccine strains ts-11 and 6/85 and to challenge strain R. All PCR methods were able to detect the vaccine strains and the challenge strain R directly from tracheal swabs, indicating that PCR primers from the different methods amplified divergent MG strains. Isolation and PCR results correlated satisfactorily among the three experimentally infected groups, with agreement values (k) ranging from 0.52 to 1.00. The ngapA, IDEXX, and mgc2 PCRs showed the best sensitivity (Se) ratios for detection of M. gallisepticum strains as compared to isolation. Compared to the ngapA and IDEXX PCR methods, the mgc2 PCR has a faster turnaround time, since this test consists of a single amplification reaction and the amplification product is detected by gel electrophoresis. Therefore, among the PCR methods evaluated in this study, the mgc2 PCR is the method of choice to further validate in the field.     

多重聚合酶链反应快速检测鉴别鸡毒支原体强毒株和弱毒疫苗株的研究

根据鸡毒支原体强毒株和弱毒疫苗株基因组的结构特点，设计合成了二对引物XZ1，XZ2和XZ45、XZ46，建立了一种同时检测鉴别MG野毒株和弱毒疫苗株的多重PCR技术。试验结果表明，用这两对引物对MG强毒株和弱毒疫苗侏进行多重PCR，强毒株只扩增出732bp一条带，而弱毒疫苗株则可同时扩增出732bp、524bp二条带，而对其他种类鸡支原体和其它禽病病原的扩增不出现任何条带，结果均为阴性；敏感性测定结果表明，该多重PCR最低能检出1Pg的MG强毒株和弱毒疫苗株的DNA模板。     

兽用疫苗中霉形体污染的套式PCR检测技术建立及初步应用

根据GenBank公布的鸡毒霉形体、猪肺炎霉形体、猪滑液霉形体和絮状霉形体的16s rRNA基因序列,利用引物设计软件DNAStar和Primer5.0自行设计3对特异性引物,以市场上常见的兽用疫苗为检测对象进行试验,优化反应体系,建立了兽用疫苗霉形体污染检测的套式PCR方法。同时,本试验还对市场上的兽用疫苗进行随机抽查检测,其检出率分别为24.2%(23/95)、21.1%(20/95)和14.7%(14/95)。     

Application of the polymerase chain reaction to detect fowl adenoviruses.

The possibility of using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of fowl adenoviruses (FAdV) was tested. The optimal reaction parameters were evaluated and defined for purified genomic DNA of type 8 fowl adenovirus (FAdV-8), and then the same conditions were applied for nucleic acid extracted from infected cells. One hundred picograms of purified viral DNA, or 250 FAdV-8-infected cells, were detected by ethidium bromide staining of the PCR products in agarose gels. The sensitivity was increased to 10 pg purified viral DNA, or 25 infected cells, when the PCR products were hybridized with a specific labeled probe. Several field isolates of FAdV and the CELO virus (FAdV serotype 1) could be amplified by the same primers and conditions, but the size of the amplicons was smaller than that for the FAdV-8 PCR product. Other avian viruses and uninfected cell cultures tested negative.