大兴安岭地区优良牧草引种和栽培适应性研究

在大兴安岭通过引过进10种多年生和6种一年生牧草的栽培试验,间比淘汰,优选出了适宜当地种植的4种豆科牧草(甘农1号杂花苜蓿、甘农2号杂花苜蓿、肇东苜蓿、和田苜蓿).结果表明,4种多年生牧草的越冬返青率、生产性能和营养价值均随栽培年限延长而升高,年度间产草量差异显著(P＜0.05),一年生牧草均适宜当地种植.由此认为,筛选出的牧草品种是大兴安岭建立人工饲草饲料基地的优质牧草.     

大兴安岭地区栽培牧草生物量及营养品质研究

根据大兴安岭的草地资源状况和畜牧业生产特点，进行了9种多年生牧草、1种二年生饲料作物和6种一年生的饲料作物的引种栽培试验。通过2年的试验研究，间比淘汰，优选出了适宜当地种植的4种豆科牧草（甘农1号杂花苜蓿、甘农2号杂花苜蓿、肇东苜蓿、和田苜蓿）和1种菊科饲料作物（苦荬菜）。结果表明：4种多年生牧草的越冬返青率在87％以上，第2年的生产性能和营养价值均比第1年高，年度间产草量差异显著（P＜0.05），一年生饲料作物均适宜当地种植。筛选出的牧草和饲料作物品种是大兴安岭建立人工饲草饲料基地的优质牧草。     

北方农区栽培牧草品种比较及营养品质研究

为了调整农业种植结构，于2000－2001年进行了36种牧草的引种栽培试验。通过2年试验，间比淘汰，筛选出13种豆科牧草（甘农1号杂花苜蓿、甘农2号杂花苜蓿、肇东苜蓿、和田苜蓿、草原1号杂花苜蓿、敖汉苜蓿、美国苜蓿、俄罗斯苜蓿、公农1号苜蓿、科学院苜蓿、龙牧2号沙打旺、苦草、白花草木樨），2种禾本科（林肯无芒雀麦、公农无芒雀麦）和1种蓼科（杂交酸模）牧草。结果表明：16种牧草适应北方春早春寒气候，抗旱耐寒能力强，其生产性能和营养价值高，达6134.0kg/hm^2。由此认为，筛选出的牧草品种是吉林省建立人工草地和调整农业种植结构的优质牧草。     

西藏林芝市优良牧草筛选及生产性能研究

为了筛选出适宜西藏林芝市栽培的优良牧草品种,试验在2013年通过引进25种禾本科、豆科牧草进行了为期2年的田间栽培试验。结果表明:依据供试牧草的综合表现,在当地气候条件下,阿尔冈金紫花苜蓿、甘农1号苜蓿、多年生黑麦草、高羊茅、无芒雀麦均能够完成生育期,而且具有较高的生物产量,适宜大面积栽培利用。     

高寒牧区碱茅＋杂花苜蓿混播试验初报

为选择适合在高海拔，寒冷地区推广的多年生混播牧草品种，采用近年培育出的甘农１号杂花苜蓿与碱茅，在肃南县进行了混播试验，结果表明，高寒地区碱茅与甘农１号杂花苜蓿混播有较强的抗寒性和越冬能力，碱茅与苜蓿以７：４比例混播，可获得最佳产草量和牧草品质。     

甘肃创绿草业科技有限公司简介

甘肃创绿草业科技有限公司是进行牧草种质资源研究、牧草种子生产和销售的专业公司，有100hm^2的种子生产基地和成套的种子清选机械。公司大宗产品有：耐寒高产的甘农1号杂花苜蓿；适宜混播放牧和水土保持的根蘖型苜蓿一甘农2号杂花苜蓿；灌区或水肥条件较好地区的高产品种一甘农3号紫花苜蓿；早期生长快的高产品种一甘农4号紫花苜蓿；     

宁夏经济的新亮点--苜蓿

苜蓿堪称"牧草之王",是世界上栽培最广、最主要的牧草之一.苜蓿为豆科、苜蓿属,一年生或多年生草本植物,本属约65种,分布于欧洲、亚洲和非洲,我国有9种,分别为紫花、蓝花、黄花、白花等品种.阿拉善、中牧1号、沧州、新疆大叶、甘农1号、皇后、安斯塔以及美国进口的W1232、农宝、国产敖汉、中苜1号等苜蓿品种是寒冷、干旱和荒漠化地区主要栽培的多年生豆科牧草.     

9个苜蓿品种引种对比试验研究

为满足畜牧业发展的要求,选育出适宜哈密地区两县一市种植的紫花苜蓿品种,2005～2007年对引自国内外的9种紫花苜蓿品种进行引种对比试验,通过物候期、株高、产量、干鲜比、茎叶比等各个指标的观测得出:甘农三号苜蓿、新牧一号杂花苜蓿、敖汉苜蓿产量较高,美国金皇后苜蓿、三得利苜蓿、美国WL232苜蓿次之,中牧一号苜蓿最低;三得利和美国WL232苜蓿茎叶比较高,甘农三号苜蓿最低;综合评价:9个苜蓿品种中,甘农三号苜蓿、新牧一号杂花苜蓿、敖汉苜蓿、美国金皇后苜蓿、三得利苜蓿、美国WL232苜蓿的综合性状好,产量高且稳定,草质好,适宜哈密地区推广种植。     

吉林省农区优良牧草引种与栽培技术研究

为了调整农业种植结构，于2000-2001年进行了31种多年生牧草，1种二年生牧草，2种一年生牧草和2种经济作物的引种栽培试验。试验表明，有13种豆科牧草，2种禾本科牧草，2种蓼科牧草和1种菊科牧草共18种牧草适应春旱气候，抗旱能力强；其中有16种牧草能安全越冬，其生产性能和营养价值高，达6134.0kg/hm^2；一年生牧草适宜当地种植，生产性能和营养价值高，由此认为，筛选出的牧草品种是吉林省建立人工草地和调整农业种植结构的优质牧草。     

紫花苜蓿种植与病虫害防治技术

紫花苜蓿属多年生豆科牧草,因适应性强、栽培广泛、产草量高、质量优异,被称为"牧草皇后"。苜蓿种类繁多,我国分布有13种和6个变种。适宜玉门市地区种植的品种有甘农3号、三得利、阿尔岗金、美国W升—232、亮牧、阿迪纳、金皇后、中牧1号等紫花苜蓿。苜蓿的种植需做好病虫害防治工作。紫花苜蓿可制作草粉、草捆、草颗粒等草产品,用于饲喂家畜。     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ

An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.     

Serum biochemical values and mineral element contents of tissues in yaks

Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein