Mate Selection and Behavioral Thermoregulation in Fowler's Toads

Male Fowler's toads produce mating calls that are affected by the body size and temperature of the caller. Females are able to discriminate between variations in these calls and select the largest available males. By thermoregulation, males are able to alter their calls to make them more attractive to females.     

靖远松叶蜂交配行为研究

为了更好的了解靖远松叶蜂的繁殖特性,本研究对靖远松叶蜂(Diprion jingyuanensis Xiao et.Zhang)的交配行为进行了研究。靖远松叶蜂雄蜂羽化从8:00-13:00,高峰期为上午9:00-10:00,占雄蜂羽化总量(95头)的72.6%雌蜂羽化时间从9:00-15:00,11:00-12:00为高峰,占雌蜂羽化总量(168头)的76.2%。对新羽化的雌雄蜂进行配对交配观察,发现靖远松叶蜂的雌雄交配时具有明显的选择性,有一些雌雄蜂相遇多次也不互相交配,而有些雌雄蜂之间很容易交配。雌蜂交配率为56.39%,雄蜂交配率为35.42%。为此对交配和未交配的雌雄蜂的体长、头宽进行了测量,结果显示交配的与未交配的雌雄蜂虫体大小没有显著差异。靖远松叶蜂雌雄蜂均能多次交配,单个雌蜂最高交配次数为9次,其中交配4次以上的占26.7%,交配2~3次的占36.7%,交配1次的占30%,没有交配的占6.7%。单个雄蜂最高交配次数为4次,其中交配4次以上的占3.3%,交配2~3次的占6.7%,交配1次的占50%,没有交配的占40%。雌雄蜂交配持续时间较长,交配时间最短为19 min,最长为58 min。雌雄蜂从羽化第一天就可以交配,平均寿命分别为4.1 d和2.4 d。     

Recognition of H-2 types in relation to the blocking of pregnancy in mice

Inbred BALB/c females were mated and subsequently exposed in a divided cage to "stimulus" males or females whose H-2 type was similar or dissimilar to the stud male's. The incidence of pregnancy blocking was considerably higher when stud and stimulus males differed in H-2 type than when they did not. Similar results were obtained with urine samples of H-2 identical and nonidentical males. Females exposed after mating to other females whose H-2 type differed from the stud male, under the same experimental conditions, also showed an appreciable incidence of pregnancy block. It is therefore concluded that chemosensory recognition of H-2 types affects the reproductive hormonal status of the pregnant female.     

棉大卷叶野螟雌虫性信息素对雄虫的诱集作用

为生物防治棉大卷叶野螟提供科学依据,研究棉大卷叶螟雌虫性信息素对雄虫的诱集作用,在野外和室内用棉大卷叶野螟雌虫及其性信息素提取物对雄虫进行诱集试验.研究发现:1～7日龄雌成虫及相应日龄雌成虫性信息素提取物随着日龄的增高,对雄蛾的引诱力逐渐降低;随着距离的加大,其诱集作用亦逐渐下降;1～7日龄雌成虫性信息素提取物对雄成虫...     

Acoustic communication and reproductive isolation in two species of wolf spiders

Sound production by male wolf spiders during courtship is critical for behavioral reproductive isolation of two sibling species. Females only respond to and copulate with conspecific males, and acoustic signals through a substrate are necessary to induce receptivity. No reproductive barriers that could arise during mating (such as genital or mechanical incompatibility) or after mating (infertility) are in effect between the species, since forced interspecific matings produce viable offspring.     

Aggressive mimicry in photuris fireflies: signal repertoires by femmes fatales

Females of Photuris versicolor prey on males of other species by mimicking the flash responses of the prey's own females. They adjust their responses according to the male pattern, and attract males of four species with distinctively different flashed responses. The capabilities of the firefly brain are more complex than previously suspected. The mimicry is quite effective, and females seldom answered more than ten males without catching one.     

烟蚜茧蜂的交配行为研究

[目的]明确烟蚜茧蜂的交配行为,探讨雌蜂传递的线索对引发雄蜂交配行为的作用,为烟蚜茧蜂的规模化繁殖和应用提供理论基础.[方法]在室内显微镜下和温室繁蜂棚内直接观察烟蚜茧蜂的交配行为,设死亡处女雌蜂(n=19)、碾碎的雌蜂腹部(n=15)、接触过处女雌蜂的滤纸(n=15)、仅提供雌蜂视觉线索(n=20)和空白对照(n=20)5个不同的试验处理,观察雌蜂传递的嗅觉和视觉线索对引发雄蜂求偶行为的作用.[结果]雄蜂交配行为包括接近、求偶、爬背、敲打触角、交配试探、插入、交配、分离,处女雌蜂交配行为包括逃跑和拒绝交配或接受交配、交配、休息.雄蜂与处女雌蜂的交配过程可划分为搜寻和求偶、交配前期、交配和交配后期4个阶段,且试图交配的雄蜂求偶成功后一般能够与处女雌蜂完成整个交配过程.雄蜂会试图与交配过的雌蜂、死亡的雌蜂发生交配行为,但仅出现交配前期.接触过活体处女雌蜂的滤纸和压碎的雌蜂腹部能够引发雄蜂强烈的振翅反应,而密闭在透明容器中的处女雌蜂不能引发雄蜂的振翅反应.[结论]烟蚜茧蜂的交配行为由—系列固定行为组成,雌蜂传递的嗅觉线索是引发雄蜂求偶行为发生的关键因素,雌蜂腹部是短程雌性性信息素产生的来源.     

Females' choice of "good genotypes" as mates is promoted by an insect mating system

Can animal mating systems result in the choice of mates carrying genotypes that are otherwise favored by natural selection? This question is addressed by studying, in natural populations of Colias butterflies, how the phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) enzyme genotype of males mating Colias females varies with degree of female mate discrimination. Certain PGI genotypes (as predicted from their biochemical properties) have been found previously to have an advantage in diverse fitness-related properties: flight capacity, survivorship, and overall mating success. It is shown here that males of these same genotypes have even greater advantage in remating older, more discriminating females than they do in mating previously unmated, less discriminating females. Assortative mating is not found and thus cannot explain this effect. The mating system of these insects does, at least in this case, result in active female choice of generally favorable male genotypes as mates.     

Male crickets feed females to ensure complete sperm transfer

The spermatophore transferred by the male decorated cricket Gryllodes supplicans to the female during copulation includes a large gelatinous portion (spermatophylax), which the female removes and feeds on immediately after mating. Females usually removed and ate the smaller sperm-containing portion (ampulla) within 1 to 7 minutes after fully consuming or losing the spermatophylax. Complete sperm transfer requires that the ampulla remain attached for a minimum of 50 minutes; this corresponds to the average time at which females actually removed ampullae, 52.0 +/- 2.2 minutes after mating. These results indicate that nuptial feeding of the female cricket functions to deter females from removing the sperm ampulla before sperm transfer is complete.     

Female moorhens compete for small fat males

Female moorhens in flocks competed with each other to obtain mates. The heaviest females won most of the agonistic encounters, and these females paired with males that had large fat reserves. Fat males tended to be small, possibly because of energetic constraints on birds of large body size. Females paired with fat males initiated more nesting attempts in a season.     

Is sperm cheap? Limited male fertility and female choice in the lemon tetra (pisces, characidae)

In the laboratory, fertilization rates achieved by male lemon tetras decline with spawning frequency. Even when the number of females is not limited, males can produce only four times as many offspring as females. Females show a preference for males that have not recently spawned as opposed to those that have. The cost of producing sufficient sperm to maximize fertilization rates may therefore reduce the intensity of sexual selection in this polygamous fish species.     

花曲柳窄吉丁潜在飞行能力初步研究

为了评估花曲柳窄吉丁的飞行潜能,利用昆虫飞行磨系统测定雌雄花曲柳窄吉丁成虫在不同光照时间、交配状态、取食状态和日龄条件下的飞行能力。结果表明:雌虫24 h内最远飞行距离5 500 m,雄虫最远飞行距离1 397 m,雌雄成虫 间飞行距离差异显著;雌虫在24 h光照时间下飞行距离比L/D(昼/夜)=16 h/8 h光照周期下更远;交配雌虫与未交配雌虫在飞行距离上有显著差异,交配后雌虫飞行距离更远,而交配对雄虫飞行能力无显著影响;经取食并休息的雌虫飞行距离显著大于不取食不休息的雌虫;不同日龄未取食的花曲柳窄吉丁雌虫飞行能力存在一定差异,1日龄飞行能力最弱,13日龄最强,从1~2日龄开始飞行距离增加,2~4日龄飞行距离随日龄增加而减少,而在4日龄后飞行距离又随着日龄的增加而增加。说明花曲柳窄吉丁具有较长距离飞行的潜能,这可为该虫的传播扩散和风险评估提供一定依据。      

青杨脊虎天牛成虫交配行为及化学通讯方式

对青杨脊虎天牛(Xylotrechus rusticus Linnaeus)成虫交配行为的观察和Y型管生测仪的生测研究表明,释放化学信息是引起青杨脊虎天牛成虫交尾的主要通讯方式.利用气相色谱-质谱联用对试虫正己烷提取物的定性检测,进一步证明了雌虫释放短距离性信息素,雄虫接触后释放较长距离挥发性物质的推断.雄虫释放的化学物质通过空气传递给雌虫,而后进行交尾.     

普通大蓟马子代性比对同种成虫气味的响应

为了探究同种成虫的气味对普通大蓟马(Megalurothrips usitatus)交配期间性比调节的影响,设置对照（无气味）、已交配雌虫、未交配雌虫和已交配雄虫等4种气味源,分别处理单对刚羽化成虫24 h,然后用幼嫩豇豆(Vigna unguiculata)豆荚单头饲养被测雌虫,观测每日所产子代的性别和数量,计算子代性比。结果表明：已交配雌虫气味处理的子代雌虫数（22.80头）最少,跟其他处理差异显著。同对照的子代性比（0.31）相比,已交配雌虫和未交配雌虫的气味分别导致子代性比显著提高和降低,子代性比分别为0.48和0.22,而已交配雄虫气味对子代性比无显著影响。4个处理中,仅已交配雌虫气味处理的雌虫在产卵最后1天的日性比达到1.00,即雌虫体内的精子已消耗殆尽。成虫气味源对雌虫产卵天数没有明显影响。实验结果说明,普通大蓟马在交配期间能依靠嗅觉判别周边雌虫的交配状况,然后通过调控雌虫的获精数量,实现对子代性比的自调节。     

Courtship disruption modifies mate choice in a lek-breeding bird

The aggregation of displaying males in lek-breeding birds is often associated with disruption of courtship and mating but effects of this disruption on mate choice have not been shown. In a 4-year study of Rupicola rupicola in Suriname, interference among territorial adult males disrupted 31 percent of all female courtship visits and terminated 32 percent of all matings at a lek where there were an average of 55 territorial males. Disruption in this rain forest species caused females to modify their courtship and mating patterns, and males that used intense and persistent disruption received a disproportionate share of this redirected mate choice.     

克氏原螯虾交配行为的研究

本文以对比行为实验方法研究了克氏原螯虾的交配行为。结果表明，克氏原螯虾交配过程可分为交配前期和交配期。在交配前期．雄虾表现出特有的交配前期行为；交配期包括钳夹、翻转、横跨、交尾和分离五个阶段。雌虾被雄虾钳住后表现顺从行为；而在对照组中的雌虾被同性钳住后却不表现顺从行为。雄虾之间的接触导致进攻行为。交配时雄虾横跨的步足均为右第5步足；雌虾在交配前勿需生殖蜕皮，交配的成败与雄虾接近雌虾的行为方式有关。且螯足较大的雄性个体交配成功率明显较高。     

克氏原螯虾交配行为的研究

本文以对比行为实验方法研究了克氏原螯虾的交配行为。结果表明，克氏原螯虾交配过程可分为交配前期和交配期。在交配前期．雄虾表现出特有的交配前期行为；交配期包括钳夹、翻转、横跨、交尾和分离五个阶段。雌虾被雄虾钳住后表现顺从行为；而在对照组中的雌虾被同性钳住后却不表现顺从行为。雄虾之间的接触导致进攻行为。交配时雄虾横跨的步足均为右第5步足；雌虾在交配前勿需生殖蜕皮，交配的成败与雄虾接近雌虾的行为方式有关。且螯足较大的雄性个体交配成功率明显较高。     

Male contribution to egg production in butterflies: evidence for transfer of nutrients at mating

Radiotracer studies on three butterfly species showed that nutrients contributed by males through mating are used by females for egg production and possibly for somatic maintenance.     

克氏原螯虾交配行为的初步研究

分别对同性别(全雌、全雄)、异性别小龙虾在繁殖季节的交配行为进行了观察。结果表明:同性别小龙虾雄性个体之间存在交配行为,但交配过程中的交配行为、交配时间、交配频率与异性别小龙虾明显不同;同性别小龙虾雌性个体之间没有观察到有交配行为;异性别小龙虾个体之间存在典型的交配过程。     

白背飞虱交配和产卵行为研究

生殖行为是个体生物学的重要研究内容,本文对白背飞虱的交配、产卵等生殖行为进行了研究。结果表明:白背飞虱雌虫羽化昼夜节律高峰期在12∶00~14∶00,雄虫羽化高峰期比雌虫早,在10∶00~12∶00,交配昼夜节律高峰期在凌晨0∶00~2∶00和中午12∶00~14∶00,产卵昼夜节律高峰在12∶00~16∶00,雌雄成虫均可交配2次以上,雌虫多次交配后产卵量显著多于单次交配的雌虫,未经交配的雌虫也能产卵,但产卵量显著少于交配过的雌虫且所产卵不能孵化,表明白背飞虱不具有孤雌生殖现象。