The effects of experience and attrition for novice high-school science and mathematics teachers

Because of the current high proportion of novice high-school teachers, many students' mastery of science and mathematics depends on the effectiveness of early-career teachers. In this study, which used value-added models to analyze high-school teachers' effectiveness in raising test scores on 1.05 million end-of-course exams, we found that the effectiveness of high-school science and mathematics teachers increased substantially with experience but exhibited diminishing rates of return by their fourth year; that teachers of algebra 1, algebra 2, biology, and physical science who continued to teach for at least 5 years were more effective as novice teachers than those who left the profession earlier; and that novice teachers of physics, chemistry, physical science, geometry, and biology exhibited steeper growth in effectiveness than did novice non-science, technology, engineering, and mathematics teachers.     

Reducing the gender achievement gap in college science: a classroom study of values affirmation

In many science, technology, engineering, and mathematics disciplines, women are outperformed by men in test scores, jeopardizing their success in science-oriented courses and careers. The current study tested the effectiveness of a psychological intervention, called values affirmation, in reducing the gender achievement gap in a college-level introductory physics class. In this randomized double-blind study, 399 students either wrote about their most important values or not, twice at the beginning of the 15-week course. Values affirmation reduced the male-female performance and learning difference substantially and elevated women's modal grades from the C to B range. Benefits were strongest for women who tended to endorse the stereotype that men do better than women in physics. A brief psychological intervention may be a promising way to address the gender gap in science performance and learning.     

The science of patterns

The rapid growth of computing and applications has helped cross-fertilize the mathematical sciences, yielding an unprecedented abundance of new methods, theories, and models. Examples from statistical science, core mathematics, and applied mathematics illustrate these changes, which have both broadened and enriched the relation between mathematics and science. No longer just the study of number and space, mathematical science has become the science of patterns, with theory built on relations among patterns and on applications derived from the fit between pattern and observation.     

大学数学期刊的起源及其科学传播意义

通过科学史文献调研和考证,系统考察了1918年至1949年中国高等学校创办的数学期刊,并对其与大学数学学科发展的关系和科学传播学意义作了讨论,认为大学数学期刊传播与大学数学教育传播的结合,大大丰富了科学传播的内涵和外延,也大大延伸和放大了其传播效应.     

Mathematics and science learning: a new conception

Findings in cognitive science suggest new approaches to teaching in science and mathematics.     

测土配方施肥研究

测土配方施肥技术是涉及土壤学、植物营养学、环境科学、信息技术、应用数学和管理学等多学科的交叉技术。其在农业生产中的应用,将使我国农业迈向以优质、高产、高效、生态、安全为目标的科学施肥阶段,同时也面临一系列有待进一步解决的科学问题,如测试方法、配肥效率、信息化和系统管理问题。对我国测土施肥系统的物质、信息和资金流进行合理化构建,以期提高我国的农业生产水平。     

Introductory science and mathematics education for 21st-Century biologists

Galileo wrote that "the book of nature is written in the language of mathematics"; his quantitative approach to understanding the natural world arguably marks the beginning of modern science. Nearly 400 years later, the fragmented teaching of science in our universities still leaves biology outside the quantitative and mathematical culture that has come to define the physical sciences and engineering. This strikes us as particularly inopportune at a time when opportunities for quantitative thinking about biological systems are exploding. We propose that a way out of this dilemma is a unified introductory science curriculum that fully incorporates mathematics and quantitative thinking.     

数学在农业科学领域中的若干应用

概述了数学在农业试验统计学、数量遗传学、植物病害流行学和生态学等领域中的一些应用,旨在进一步促进数学与农业科学的交叉渗透和共同发展.     

基于GIS技术的农业干旱监测与评估系统

[目的]简化制作农业干旱监测、评估产品的操作流程,提高监测评估图件的精细化水平。[方法]综合运用GIS和数学、气象学、管理学、计算机科学等技术手段和学科知识,以干旱监测、评估为核心,研发了基于GIS技术的农业干旱监测与评估系统。[结果]应用该系统对广西2006年11月4日的干旱进行监测,并用实际情况进行检验,证明取得了较好的监测效果。[结论]基于GIS的农业干旱监测与评估系统实现了GIS与专业监测、评估模型的有机结合,提供了灵活的人机交互界面和可视化表达,实现了农业干旱的监测、评估功能,具有较好的实用性和先进性。     

生物科学的数学化趋势

本文从末来世纪生物科学将腾飞的观点出发,指出了生命科学将面临许多难题,并从系统科学的思想出发,提出了解脱数学“危机”,解决生物科学难题的途径。     

模糊数学在畜牧业中的应用

从动物营养与饲料、动物遗传育种、草业科学、动物疾病诊断等方面综述模糊数学在畜牧业的应用。     

The problem with determining atomic structure at the nanoscale

Emerging complex functional materials often have atomic order limited to the nanoscale. Examples include nanoparticles, species encapsulated in mesoporous hosts, and bulk crystals with intrinsic nanoscale order. The powerful methods that we have for solving the atomic structure of bulk crystals fail for such materials. Currently, no broadly applicable, quantitative, and robust methods exist to replace crystallography at the nanoscale. We provide an overview of various classes of nanostructured materials and review the methods that are currently used to study their structure. We suggest that successful solutions to these nanostructure problems will involve interactions among researchers from materials science, physics, chemistry, computer science, and applied mathematics, working within a "complex modeling" paradigm that combines theory and experiment in a self-consistent computational framework.     

Science Teachers and the Scientific Attitude: An Appraisal of an Academic Year Institute

In a training program for experienced high school science and mathematics teachers, trainees made good academic progress and eventually adjusted well to the return to university work. The program's main weakness was failure to transmit attitudes and information relevant to teaching science, not only as a body of knowledge, but as a way of thinking.     

图书馆工作定量化浅析

本文从图书馆工作的各主要方面分析了其定量化的基础及方法。以进一步沟通图书馆学与数学的联系，推动图书馆工作的发展。     

生物信息学及其在农作物基因工程中的应用

生物信息学是现代生命科学与信息科学、计算机科学、数学、统计学、物理学、化学等学科相互渗透而高度交叉形成的一门新兴前沿学科。生物信息学必将成为农作物基因工程中获得新基因的重要手段。本文阐述了生物信息学研究所依据的数据库为主的生物信息资源及其在农业领域的部分应用,并为生物信息学在农作物基因工程的前景做了展望。     

Science and the urban university

The potential for science to contribute to economic and civic life is of particular importance to urban centers with economic decline. For urban universities, the ability to adapt to changing needs and seize new opportunities has become vital. These universities must take the lead in curricular revision, research emphasizing the application of knowledge, arrangements with private economic enterprises, and public service to improve science and mathematics training in the schools.     

科技成果评价的模糊数学综合决策方法探讨

本文利用模糊数学的综合决策方法,提出了科技成果评价的多因素决策方法。应用本文提出的模型和方法,能评价科技成果的等级和对多个科技成果进行排序。     

林业基础科学与数学

随着科技进步和经济发展,人类会高度重视环境问题,因为森林具有巨大的生态效益,所以林业基础科学势将成为现代生命科学中最重要,最活跃的领域之一,现代数学技术在林业基础科学研究中的获得更广泛的应用和更多的成果,同时,林业基础科学定量水平将显著提高,生物数学将高速发展。     

现代生物信息学及其主要研究领域

综合分析了生物信息学这一现代新兴学科的定义和内涵,据此提出现代生物信息学是采用计算机技术和信息论方法研究生命科学中各种生物信息的表述、采集、储存、传递、检索、分析和解读的科学,是现代生命科学与信息科学、计算机科学、数学、统计学、物理学、化学等学科相互渗透和高度交叉形成的学科,介绍了近年来国内外对于现代生物信息学的认识及其主要研究领域。     

土地利用生态区划评价研究——以宁远县为例

在对宁远县概况分析的基础上,采用科学划分原则和"聚类分析"的数学方法对其所辖区域进行土地利用生态区划评价。