Involvement of juvenile hormone in the regulation of pheromone release activities in a moth

Juvenile hormone has been implicated in the mediation of several reproduction-related events in adult insects, but had previously been found to play no role in the regulation of sex pheromone production and release behavior ("calling") in moths. In females of the true armyworm moth, Pseudaletia unipuncta, juvenile hormone is shown to be essential to the initiation of both calling behavior and pheromone production. Females without corpora allata, the source of juvenile hormone, do not call and do not produce pheromone, but injection of juvenile hormone into allatectomized females restored these activities. The armyworm's control system has likely evolved in response to the adults' migratory behavior which may necessitate that mating be restricted to the period following migration.     

加拿大杨枝把田间诱蛾效果观察

比较了加拿大杨(Populuscanadensis)枝把、棉铃虫性诱剂、高压汞灯在田间对棉铃虫(Helicoverpaarmigera)的引诱效果。结果表明,加拿大杨枝把在田间以诱集棉铃虫雌蛾为主,所诱棉铃虫雌、雄性比为1.61。加拿大杨枝把日诱雄蛾量与日诱雌蛾量呈显著正相关,与性诱剂日诱雄蛾量、高压汞灯日诱雄蛾量相关性不显著。每日棉铃虫百株落卵量与加拿大杨枝把、高压汞灯日诱蛾量呈显著正相关,与性诱剂日诱蛾量无显著相关性。讨论了加拿大杨枝把在田间引诱棉铃虫的机理。     

沙柳木蠹蛾性行为的生物学特性

沙柳木蠹蛾(Holcocerus arenicola staudinger)是为害沙柳(Salix psammophila)根部的一种钻蛀性害虫。通过对沙柳木蠹蛾羽化行为、性比和寿命的调查,对各日龄雌蛾求偶和交尾发生时间的统计分析,明确了沙柳木蠹蛾性行为的动态节律。结果表明:沙柳木蠹蛾在19:00～21:00羽化最为集中;雌雄性比平均为0.66∶1;成虫平均寿命4.8±2.2d,其中雌蛾的寿命稍高于雄蛾。雌蛾在进入暗期1～2h内求偶行为明显,最大求偶百分率出现在羽化后的第二晚。1日龄成虫的交配高峰在暗周期的前2h,而2～4日龄成虫的交配高峰是在暗期的1h内;交配持续的平均时间为38.41±11.42min。随着蛾龄的增大,雌虫的求偶和交配行为发生的时间提前。沙柳木蠹蛾的性活动高峰出现在羽化后连续3个暗周期的前半段,可作为利用性信息素防治沙柳木蠹蛾最佳时段的参考依据。     

Sexual role reversal in mate-finding strategies of the cabbage looper moth

The mate-finding behavior of the cabbage looper moth Trichoplusia ni (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) includes both female- and male-produced sex pheromones used in distinct mate-finding strategies. Both sexes release multicomponent pheromones attractive to the opposite sex. Male pheromone is comprised of d-linalool, m-cresol, and p-cresol released from abdominal hair pencils. Males exposed to host plant odor or to the female sex pheromone (Z)-7-dodecen-1-ol acetate are more attractive to females, suggesting stimulation of male pheromone release.     

亚洲型舞毒蛾的羽化和生殖行为节律

为了探究亚洲型舞毒蛾(Lymantria dispar asiatica)的羽化和生殖昼夜节律,在自然光周期和温湿度条件下对亚洲型舞毒蛾成虫的羽化、求偶、交配及产卵行为进行了观察,并利用触角电位反应测定了处女雌蛾性信息素的合成量与日龄之间的关系。结果表明:亚洲型舞毒蛾雌蛾在化蛹后11 d,雄蛾在化蛹后12 d分别出现羽化高峰;雌雄蛾的羽化行为均发生在光期前2 h(02:00)至暗期3 h(21:00),雄蛾羽化高峰期为光期6 h(09:00),较雌蛾(11:00)提前2 h。雌蛾羽化约2 h后开始求偶,1日龄雌蛾的求偶率随时间的推移逐渐上升,而其他日龄的雌蛾仅在光周期开始后的1 h内求偶率降至当日最低(75%),其余时间达到或接近100%;2日龄雌蛾体内的性信息素合成量最高,以后逐日下降。成虫羽化当日即可交尾,室内交尾高峰期发生在光期11 h(14:00)左右,次高峰出现在暗期6 h(00:00)。产卵高峰期发生在光期3 h(06:00)左右,次高峰出现在暗期2 h(20:00)。综上可见,亚洲型舞毒蛾成虫的羽化和生殖行为存在明显的昼夜节律。     

Genetic consequences of mate choice: a quantitative genetic method for testing sexual selection theory

To investigate whether female mate choice could be directed at male genetic quality, male chemical signals and progeny fitness were studied in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum). Differences among males in the attractiveness of their pheromone to females were statistically significant. Developmental time of progeny was significantly heritable, indicating that some males have "good genes" for this trait. There was no statistically significant correlation between progeny fitness and male attractiveness. These results do not support the hypothesis that in this species the evolution of female preferences for male pheromone is adaptive.     

棉大卷叶野螟雌虫性信息素对雄虫的诱集作用

为生物防治棉大卷叶野螟提供科学依据,研究棉大卷叶螟雌虫性信息素对雄虫的诱集作用,在野外和室内用棉大卷叶野螟雌虫及其性信息素提取物对雄虫进行诱集试验.研究发现:1～7日龄雌成虫及相应日龄雌成虫性信息素提取物随着日龄的增高,对雄蛾的引诱力逐渐降低;随着距离的加大,其诱集作用亦逐渐下降;1～7日龄雌成虫性信息素提取物对雄成虫...     

舞毒蛾性信息素应用技术的研究

1983—1986年应用舞毒蛾光学活性性信息素及其光学异构体的生物活性试验表明,顺-7,8-环氧-2-甲基-十八烷[(+)-(7R,8S)-disparlure]是舞毒蛾天然性信息素,诱蛾效果非常显著,而其它光学异构体基本无效。舞毒蛾性信息素不仅对舞毒蛾具有活性高,而且对松针毒蛾也具有活性。使用舞毒蛾性信息素作为测报工具,不仅可以监测舞毒蛾的发生,同时也可以监测松针毒蛾的发生。性信息素监测虫情,可以降低劳动强度,精确度高,方法简便易行。在低虫口地区,使用粘胶诱捕器进行大量诱捕法是成功的,连绩使用诱捕法即可有效的控制舞毒蛾的危害和蔓延,抑制其猖獗暴发的周期。在虫口密度大的地区,可先用杀虫剂压低虫口密度,再使用性信息素进行控制,使性信息素与化学防治相结合,减少化学农药的使用,有利于保护环境和害虫天敌,从而提高防治效果。舞毒蛾性信息素的应用,为该虫的防治开辟了一条新的途径,将成为综合治理舞毒蛾的有力工具之一。     

利用植物源引诱剂监测与控制舞毒蛾

在内蒙古阿尔山林业局兴安落叶松纯林内,选取受害兴安落叶松针叶的挥发物并复配成引诱剂（植物源引诱剂）,测定其对舞毒蛾成虫的引诱效果。试验一利用窗式诱捕器携带4种诱芯：1）植物源引诱剂（引诱剂I）,2）舞毒蛾性信息素（引诱剂Ⅱ）,3）前两者之结合（引诱剂Ⅲ）,4）空白对照于9块样地（幼、中龄林和成熟林各3块）进行测定。试验...     

Sex pheromone of the winter moth, a geometrid with unusually low temperature precopulatory responses

The sex pheromone for the winter moth, Operophtera brumata (L.), has been identified as the novel compound (Z,Z,Z)-1,3,6,9-nonadecatetraene. The male moths respond to the pheromone at low temperatures (4 degrees to 15 degrees C) and exhibit an upper response limit that coincides with the lower response limit for other reported moth sex pheromone systems. The pheromone attracted two other geometrid species, O. bruceata (Bruce spanworm) and O. occidentalis.     

Clarification of the chemical status of the pink bollworm sex pheromone

Propylure, 10-n-propyl-trans-5,9-tridecadienyl acetate, and deet, N,N,-diethyl-m-tolumide, were previously reported as the sex pheromone and a sex pheromone activator, respectively, of the pink bollworm. Neither chemical in three extracts of female moth abdomen tips could be detected by gas-liquid chromatographic analysis. These compounds, alone or in combination, exhibited little or no biological activity in the laboratory or in the field. Hexalure, cis-7-hexadecenyl acetate, a synthetic attractant for pink bollworm males, could not be detected in female moth abdomen tip extracts. The pink bollworm sex pheromone was identified as a mixture of cis,cis and cis,trans isomers of 7,11-hexadecadienyl acetate.     

利用性诱剂防治梨小食心虫的研究试验

采用性诱剂对梨小食心虫进行防治研究,结果表明,梨小食心虫在晋中地区1年发生4代,可在成虫高峰期进行化学防治;15个/hm2诱盆用于梨小食心虫大量诱捕试验中,可在72d内平均每盆诱虫900头;1050,750个/hm2诱芯的迷向处理迷向率极显著,迷向率分别为97.43%和81.83%,防治效果为74.72%和56.43%。并对梨小食心虫性诱剂的应用提出了几点建议。     

沙棘木蠹蛾性信息素林间诱蛾活性试验

为比较沙棘木蠹蛾性信息素不同配方的诱集效果,该文利用人工合成的性信息素组分顺7-十四碳烯乙酸酯(Z7-14:Ac)、反3-十四碳烯乙酸酯(E3-14:Ac) 和反7-十四碳烯乙酸酯(E7-14:Ac)按照不同比例配置的4种配方进行了野外诱集试验.结果表明:4组不同配方的性信息素均具有较强的诱集效果,其中平均诱蛾量最高的达17头/诱捕器,日诱蛾量最高的为11头/d,持效期达26 d,不同配方的有效诱捕距离分别达100和150 m.通过比较两种不同诱捕器的野外诱集效果发现:沙棘木蠹蛾实用新型诱捕器的诱蛾效果稍差于三角形诱捕器,但其具有使用方便、易于操作、可长时间使用等特点,诱捕器的最佳悬挂高度为1 m.用性信息素诱杀害虫作为一种高效、无毒、无污染的新方法为沙棘木蠹蛾的综合防治提供了一条崭新的途径.      

梨小食心虫性诱剂效果评价

梨小食心虫(Grapholitha molesta Busck)是世界性的重要果树钻蛀性害虫之一。目前,性信息素诱捕器广泛应用于害虫防控,为提高性诱剂对梨小食心虫测报及诱捕效率,从两方面研究了梨小食心虫性诱剂对梨小食心虫的诱捕效果,采用了8个性诱剂产品诱杀梨小食心虫,同时每个诱捕器内设1、3、5、7、9、11个芯数,共6个处理诱杀梨小食心虫。结果表明,A诱捕性诱芯和C诱捕性诱芯诱捕效果最好;诱捕器的诱芯数量为1时引诱到的梨小食心虫数量最多。建议在田间测报和大量诱捕时,使用A诱芯,可达到较高诱捕量,同时也可节约成本,提高效率。     

小菜蛾雄蛾对不同组分、比例和剂量的人工合成引诱剂的田间反应

为了提高小菜蛾性诱剂的田间诱捕效果,在大白菜地进行不同人工合成引诱剂对小菜蛾的诱捕试验.试验结果表明,增加0.01%的顺-9-十四碳烯乙酸酯能够提高目前诱芯的诱蛾效果.三元组分,顺-11-十六碳烯醛、顺-11-十六碳烯乙酸酯和顺-11-十六碳烯醇在7∶3∶1比例下的诱蛾能力显著优于其它三元组分比例的诱蛾力.比例为70∶30∶10∶0.01的四元组分,顺-11-十六碳烯醛、顺-11-十六碳烯乙酸酯、顺-11-十六碳烯醇和顺-9-十四碳烯乙酸酯,诱芯含量为10 μg时在田间的诱蛾效果最好,因而建议在中国使用这种诱芯诱捕小菜蛾.     

Chemical mimicry: bolas spiders emit components of moth prey species sex pheromones

Field studies have indicated that bolas spiders attract male moth prey, apparently by mimicking the odor of female moth sex pheromones. Three moth sex pheromone compounds, (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate, (Z)-9-tetradecenal, and (Z)-11-hexadecenal, were identified in volatile substances emitted by hunting adult female Mastophora cornigera spiders. These compounds are components of pheromone blends that attract some of this spider's moth prey species.     

水稻二化螟性诱蛾量与测报指标的相关性分析

2003年在吉林省柳河县,采用水盆诱捕器,对越冬代水稻二化螟的累计诱蛾量与水稻受害率之间的相关性进行了研究。结果表明：6月5日至7月1日每块稻田二化螟累计诱蛾量与相应稻田田间卵块密度、稻株受害率之间存在显著线性相关关系。二化螟卵块密度y1与诱捕器累计诱蛾量z的回归方程为y1=0.0022x-0．1877;水稻枯鞘株率y2和枯鞘穴率y3与诱捕器累计诱蛾量x的回归方程分别为Y2=0．0023x-0．2907,Y,=0．0114z-1．0918;水稻白穗株率y1与诱捕器累计诱蛾量x的回归方程为y1=0.0015x-0.2718。由二化螟发蛾高峰日前的性诱捕器累计诱蛾量,可以准确预测田间二化螟的卵块密度和水稻受害水平。提前1～2周指导大田防治,     

黄斑长翅卷叶蛾性信息素生物学研究初报

黄斑长翅卷叶蛾是我国北方果园中重要害虫之一。本文通过室内生物测定，确定了其性信息素腺体位于雌虫腹部８—９节节间膜；触角电位进一步证明了雄虫触角对１—５ＦＥ性信息素浓度有明显反应；大型风洞行为研究表明５ＦＥ可诱导的定向行为反应与３头活雌蛾基本一致，１ＦＥ抽提物与５ＦＥ诱导效果在低级反应中有显著差异，在高级反应中差异不显著。     

绵山天幕毛虫性信息素通讯系统扫描电镜观察

通过对绵山天幕毛虫性信息素释放系统——雌蛾性腺和性信息素接受系统——雄蛾触角进行扫描电镜观察,发现绵山天幕毛虫性信息素分泌腺位于腹尖末端8~9节之间,是一个可外翻的环状结构;性信息素感受器主要为毛形感器。绵山天幕毛虫性信息素通讯系统的研究为绵山天幕毛虫性信息素的快速提取、分析、合成提供了依据。     

Sex pheromone of the codling moth: structure and synthesis

The structure of a sex pheromone of the codling moth. Laspeyresia pomonella (L.), has been determined by spectrometric and chemical degradative techniques and by synthesis to be (2Z, 6E)-7-methyl-3-propyl-2,6-decadien-1-ol. In field cage tests the synthesized sex pheromone was as attractive as the natural, but neither was as attractive as ten virgin females per trap.