青钱柳扦插繁殖研究进展

青钱柳属难生根树种,生根率低,扦插繁殖是无性繁殖的重要技术,已广泛应用于苗木生产中,研究青钱柳扦插生根问题对其产业化育苗具有重要意义.该文主要从扦插的生根机理、生根的影响因素方面进行了综述,重点讨论了:(1)扦插繁殖技术研究进展;(2)扦插生根解剖学和生理生化研究;(3)插穗的位置效应、温湿度和基质.最后提出应该从生长素调控机制、几种重要氧化酶活性及其含量、营养物质和形态解剖学4个方面进行深入研究.     

豆科树种无性快速繁殖技术研究与进展

豆科树种目前已广泛应用于荒山绿化、饲用及观赏。文中从扦插(嫩枝扦插、硬枝扦插、根插),组织培养等方面综述了豆科树种无性快速繁殖技术的研究和进展。指出目前豆科树种嫩枝扦插技术研究还局限在对某一树种繁殖途径的探索阶段;硬枝扦插技术研究较为系统和深入,对不同树种扦插生根的影响因素有了比较深入的了解,并因此建立起较为成熟的技术体系;根插方法简单,成活率高,但是研究普遍较少;豆科树种组织培养虽较为困难,但某些树种也已经建立起了较为完善的再生体系。此外,还对豆科树种快速繁殖的生理基础研究进行了讨论,建议加大对豆科树种快速繁殖技术和生理机制的研究力度,为解决优良种质资源快速扩繁奠定基础。     

刨花楠的扦插繁殖

刨花楠是一具有广泛用途的优良常绿阔叶树种,也是一种园林绿化树种,观赏价值很高。通过对刨花楠扦插繁殖试验数据统计分析,分析了不同处理对该植物插条成活率的影响,以找出最适合于该植物扦插繁殖的因素水平组合．     

刨花楠扦插繁殖中POD、CAT的测定

刨花楠是一具有广泛用途的优良常绿阔叶树种,也是一种园林绿化树种,观赏价值很高。通过对刨花楠扦插繁殖试验数据统计分析,分析不同处理对植物过氧化氢酶及过氧化物酶含量的影响,以找出最适合于该植物扦插繁殖的因素水平组合。     

桉树扦插生根成活因子的初步研究

桉树属异花授粉植物,极易杂交,但过去都是采取种子有性繁殖,造林后往往产生不同程度的分化,生长量不高。为了克服上述缺点,采用无性繁殖扦插的方法,保持优树的优良性状,发挥其速生性和抗性等优点,提高单位面积产量,达到快出材,出好材的目的。桉树系扦插生根困难的树种,为了探讨外界和内部因素对桉树扦插生根的影响,从一九七九年至一九八一年进行不同树种、不同插条处理(分别选择不同枝条部位、留叶面积、化学药剂处理),不同插床基质、不同插床环境等项试验。一九七九年六月十三日扦插的“雷林一号”桉(优树50号)。扦插苗,于一九七九年八月六至七日定植115株,造林后一年平均树高3.5     

桉樹扦插育苗技术的研究

桉树是我国华南地区的主要造林树种之一,当前主要是用实生苗造林。由于桉树是异花授粉树种,而且桉属树种繁多,种间和种内都很容易杂交,生产的种子优劣不一,用实生苗造林的林木分化大,产量低、质量差。为了提高桉树人工林的产量和质量,我国在七十年代初期曾试验用扦插育苗技术对桉树进行树种改良。由于桉树是扦插难生根的树种,加上当时的技术落后,扦插的最高成活率只有     

巨尾桉根系分布状况研究

在巴西的巴西亚(bahia)北部的商业人工林中,观察到桉树不同树种和种源的根系分布状况是不同的。主、侧根的形态受土壤特性和植物遗传型影响。本文对不同土壤条件下用种子、组培苗和扦插繁殖的巨尾桉的根系分布状况进行了研究。根系分布和植物生长都受土壤质地、松紧度和水分影响。种子繁殖与组织培育和扦插繁殖的树木根系结构不同,无性繁殖的植物根系水平分布较多。根系分布状况对生产力和肥料的吸收有影响。     

桉树扦插繁殖技术

桉树扦插繁殖技术是无性繁殖方式之一，影响桉树扦插生根成苗主要因素是母树的遗传性。采用大荫棚内套小荫棚降温保湿扦插繁植技术、舒根型圆型黑塑料管容器、椰糠＋谷壳＋黄心土轻型混合基质，对提高扦插生根率、成苗率，促进根系生长、苗木生长具有重要作用。     

刚果12号桉组织培养育苗技术的研究简介

一、意义桉树与杨树、竹子被誉为世界三大速生树种,它具有材质坚硬、速生丰产,特别是幼林期生长快等特点。这就大大地缩短了林业的生产周期,从而可以提高经济效益。据联合国粮农组织报道,到1987年,全世界已有96个国家和地区引种栽培桉树,人工林面积达600万 ha,木材年产量达6000万 m~3。在我国南方,桉树是主要的速生丰产造林树种之一,但因为桉属树种种间天然杂交频繁,容易产生天然杂种,后代严重分离变异。用有性繁殖方法很难保持优树的优良特性,而用传统的无性繁殖方法又难以迅速大量繁殖。因此,我们试图用组织培养育苗方法和以苗繁苗的扦插法,去寻找优良桉树快速繁殖的新途径。本文所述的刚果12号桉组织培养育苗技术的研究只不过是一个起点。     

木本植物扦插繁殖及其影响因素

扦插繁殖是根据植物细胞的全能性原理, 采用植物的茎、叶、根等器官进行无性繁殖的重要技术, 在苗木生产中得到了广泛应用.文中论述了木本植物扦插繁殖的重要意义及其在快速育苗中存在的优缺点, 对影响扦插成活的内在因素如树种遗传性差异、插穗年龄、插穗规格、插穗部位、插穗下切口形状, 以及外在因素如扦插时间、插穗的化学和物理处理方法、扦插基质状况、温度、湿度和光照条件等进行了分析, 介绍了提高木本植物扦插成活率的技术方法和所取得的成果, 对应用前景和不足之处进行了探讨.通过对国内外木本植物扦插繁殖相关技术的总结和分析, 以期为今后的研究提供参考.     

植物扦插生根机理研究进展

植物扦插繁殖主要是不定根的形成过程,而不定根形成的复杂过程是多因素共同调控的,研究其生根机理对于了解不定根形成及控制具有重要意义。文中介绍了国内外关于不定根形成机理的分子水平、生理生化（植物激素、酶、营养物质等）以及解剖学等方面的研究进展。通过对生根机理的综合研究可以为难生根植物繁殖提供理论参考,为生产上加快植物扦插生根速率和提高其成活率提供技术支持。     

Mevalonate kinase activity during different stages of plant regeneration from nodular callus cultures in white pine (Pinus strobus)

Mevalonate kinase (MK) catalyzes a step in the isoprenoid biosynthetic pathway, which leads to a huge number of compounds that play important roles in plant growth and development. Here, we report on changes in MK activity in white pine (Pinus strobus L.) during plant regeneration by adventitious shoot organogenesis from cotyledons of mature embryos, including nodular callus induction, shoot formation and rooting. Nodular calli were induced from Pinus strobus (PS) embryos by culture in nodular callus induction medium in a 0-, 8- or 16-h photoperiod. Mevalonate kinase activity peaked in nodular calli after three weeks of culture on nodular callus induction medium in a 16-h photoperiod, whereas frequency of nodular callus formation peaked after 4 weeks of culture on nodular callus induction medium in darkness. During adventitious shoot formation, MK activity peaked in shoots derived from dark-grown nodular calli after 3 weeks on bud formation medium, and frequency of shoot formation was highest in dark-grown nodular calli cultured on bud formation medium for 4 weeks. During rooting, MK activity peaked 2 weeks after transfer of adventitious shoots to rooting medium and rooting frequency was highest in adventitious shoots after 3 weeks on rooting medium. Although during nodular callus induction in darkness MK activity was inversely related to frequency of nodular callus formation, MK activity was highly correlated with frequency of shoot formation and with rooting frequency. The observed increase in MK activity preceding rooting suggests that MK could serve as a marker for rooting of white pine shoots in vitro.     

Distinct effects of auxin and light on adventitious root development in Eucalyptus saligna and Eucalyptus globulus

Adventitious rooting is essential for vegetative propagation of woody species. We studied the effects of auxin and light on the development of adventitious roots in cuttings obtained from seedlings of Eucalyptus saligna Smith and E. globulus Labill in an attempt to characterize the adventitious rooting process and identify factors controlling rhizogenesis. Root development was scored as rooting percentage, root density (roots per rooted cutting), mean rooting time and root length. In both species, rooting time was reduced in the presence of auxin. Cuttings from 2-month-old E. saligna seedlings were responsive to lower auxin concentrations than comparable cuttings from E. globulus seedlings. Cuttings from 3-month-old E. saligna seedlings rooted promptly and rooting was not significantly affected by light conditions. In contrast, rooting of cuttings from 3-month-old E. globulus seedlings exhibited recalcitrant behavior and no roots were formed if illuminated during the root formation phase. Effective root regeneration of E. globulus cuttings was obtained by a 4-day exposure to 10 mg l(-1) IBA and culture in darkness during the root formation step. Loss of rooting capacity with seedling age was more pronounced in E. globulus than in E. saligna. The possibility of switching adventitious rooting off and on by manipulating light regime and exogenous auxin supply in E. globulus, and the constitutive nature of rooting in E. saligna may provide useful models for examining the rooting process at the biochemical and molecular levels in Eucalyptus.     

The rooting of poplar cuttings: a review

Poplar (Populus spp.) is one of the most important economical tree species in temperate regions of the world. Easy propagation by cutting has made most of the selected genotypes of poplar available for intensive plantation with large genetic gains. Critical point for successful propagation of cutting is the development of roots. Thus, rooting context of the cutting appeared to be a pivotal scenario in poplar vegetative propagations. In this overview, we focus on the progress in defining the genetic, physical, chemical and environmental factors that influences the poplar cuttings to develop adventitious roots. These factors include genotype effect, physiological conditions of the stock plants, plant growth regulators, temperature, rooting substrates/media as major variables for the development of rooting events.     

Hormone level analysis on adventitious root formation in Eucalyptus globulus

Eucalyptus globulus is the one of the most economically important trees for pulp and paper industries due to its fast growth and short harvesting cycle. However, E. globulus is well known as a woody plant that is hard to propagate vegetatively. In this study, we found wide distribution of rooting ability among seven independent genotypes we tested. Analysis of the mechanism of adventitious rooting by using the auxin transport inhibitor, N-naphthylphthalamic acid, revealed that polar auxin transport is crucial in root formation. The gravitropism of the stem was highly correlated to the percentage of adventitious root formation. Hormonal analysis showed that the levels of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) were the same between difficult-to-root and easy-to-root genotypes, whereas levels of IAAsp (indole-3-acetyl aspartic acid) were higher in the difficult-to-root genotype, indicating that IAA metabolism might play an important role in adventitious root formation in this species. Levels of several cytokinins exhibited differences between genotypes that varied in their cutting performance and rooting ability. Furthermore, higher level of cytokinin in elongating shoots were correlated with rooting percentage. Taken together, our results indicate that both auxins and cytokinins play a role in adventitious root formation in E. globulus, and that a complex interplay between the levels of auxins and cytokinins and their metabolism might result in root formation in this commercially important plant.     

Effect of branch position and auxin treatment on clonal propagation of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Tectona grandis</Emphasis> Linn. f.

The main objective of our clonal propagation program is the production of high quality timber and faster tree growth. Teak (Tectona grandis Linn. f.) is an important plantation species in the tropics but the demand of teak timber is increasing globally. Teak planting stock is still produced from seeds of unselected elite genotypes which may lead to poor stand establishment. The number of seeds per fruit and their germination ability are also variable and limited by several factors. Therefore an alternative method i.e., clonal propagation is required for mass multiplication of elite trees. It is an established fact that the clonal propagation or adventitious root formation in cuttings is markedly affected by several external and internal factors. Considering these, an experiment was conducted on leafy soft wood shoot cuttings of 3-year-old hedged teak stock plants grown in a hedge garden to study the effects of branch position and auxin treatment on adventitious root formation. A factorial completely randomized design was used for experimentation. Coppice shoots were collected from basal, middle and upper positions of the hedge garden; and mono-nodal leafy cuttings were prepared. These cuttings were treated with different concentrations of IBA and NAA; and were cultured in a mist chamber for rooting where the relative humidity was maintained at 85 ± 2% with maximum and minimum day-night temperature at 32 ± 1°C and 26 ± 1°C respectively. After 45 days the cuttings were removed from the rooting medium and observations were made. It was observed that the rooting parameters viz., percent rooting and percent sprouting, mean number of leaves, mean number of shoots and length, and mean number of roots and length per cutting were significantly influenced by the branch position and auxin treatment. Treatment with 4000 ppm IBA increased percent rooting and percent sprouting whereas NAA suppressed it. Treatment with 4000 ppm IBA also increased the mean number of leaves and shoots, and the length, and the mean number of roots per cutting. The highest mean number of roots and length were observed in cuttings taken from the branch emerging at the upper position followed by branches of middle and lower position. Cuttings of branches at a middle position showed the highest values of percent rooting, percent sprouting, mean number of leaves and shoots and mean shoot length per cutting. Furthermore, the interactive effect of branch position and auxin treatment on rooting and sprouting response was also found to be significant. Overall, the findings of this investigation suggest that middle branch position in hedge plants and 4000 ppm IBA can be made to induce maximum rooting and to produce high quality planting stock material for clonal forestry program of teak.     

紫茎泽兰叶片浸提液对滇杨插穗抽梢和生根的影响

采用1年生滇杨扦插苗枝条作为插穗,研究了不同浓度紫茎泽兰鲜叶和冻害叶片浸提液对插穗抽梢和生根的影响。结果表明,滇杨在各处理条件下均能抽梢和生根,抽梢率和生根率在98％以上,生根类型为皮部生根。各处理条件下的平均梢长和平均不定根数达极显著水平,平均不定根长和根系效果指数差异不显著。紫茎泽兰鲜叶和冻害叶片浸提液对插穗抽梢及生根的化感作用表现一致,对梢长及不定根长有微弱的化感促进或抑制作用,对不定根数均表现出较强的化感抑制作用。     

油橄榄短穗无纺袋扦插技术研究

对2 a生油橄榄扦插苗枝条进行短穗无纺袋扦插技术研究。结果表明,3~5 cm长的油橄榄插穗扦插50 d生根率可高达99.0%,对照生根率为87.4%;IBA、根旺、蔗糖3种因素对油橄榄扦插生根影响作用最大的为IBA,低浓度复合生根剂处理扦插生根效果较好,不定根数可达10条左右。认为油橄榄扦插过程中,适当的激素处理可以提高生根率,但扦插环境因子在扦插生根过程中起主导作用。采用无纺袋扦插油橄榄可以明显缩短育苗周期,从而提高育苗经济效益。     

两种优良巴西杂交桉树的组织培养和快速繁殖

本研究以巴西尾巨桉和巨赤桉两种优良杂交桉树的带芽茎段为外植体进行离体培养和快速繁殖研究.结果表明:尾巨桉和巨赤桉再生芽诱导的最佳培养基为改良MS+6-BA 0.5 mg·L-1+NAA 0.2 mg·L-1,继代增殖的最适培养基为改良MS+6-BA 0.5 mg·L-1+NAA 0.15 mg·L-1.芽诱导和继代增殖中6-BA的浓度对两种杂交桉树有显著影响.生根培养中,尾巨桉和巨赤桉生根情况差异显著,尾巨桉茎芽最适生根培养基为1/2MS+NAA0.2 mg·L-1+IBA 1.0 mg·L-1,巨赤桉茎芽最适生根培养基为1/2MS+NAA 0.15 mg·L-1+IBA 1.0 mg·L-1.两种杂交桉树组织培养体系的建立,为桉树良种选育和遗传转化体系的研究提供技术参考.     

驱蚊香草的组织培养技术

利用驱蚊香草茎段进行组织培养,研究了添加在培养基中不同激素组成、浓度、培养条件等因素对不定芽诱导、继代增殖、防止玻璃化以及生根的影响.结果表明:适于驱蚊香草不定芽诱导的培养基为MS 6-BA1.5 mg/L NAA0.05 mg/L,适于继代增值的培养基为MS 6-BA1.5 mg/L NAA0.05mg/L,适于生根的培养基为配方为1/2MS IBA0.5mg/L NAA0.1 mg/L;用透气设施的封口材料明显地降低驱蚊香草的玻璃化;基质培养基生根优于琼脂培养基.