共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
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本文讨论了以群体遗传学理论为基础的现行地方猪品种的保种方法,指出了该方法的不足之处,同时也分析了以分子遗传学为基础的分子遗传标记辅助保种法的可行性,说明该方法可以弥补现行地方猪品种保种方法的不足之处,指出现代地方猪品种的保种方法应该是二者的结合. 相似文献
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试论地方猪品种的现代保种方法 总被引:14,自引:2,他引:12
本文讨论了以群体遗传学理论为基础的现行地方猪品种的保种方法,指出了该方法的不足之处,同时也分析了以分子遗传学为基础的分子遗传标记辅助保种法的可行性,说明该方法可以弥补现行地方猪品种保种方法的不足之处,指出现代地方猪品种的保种方法应该是二者的结合。 相似文献
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畜禽遗传资源的保存对应对未来的育种需要和畜牧业的可持续利用是非常重要的。分子标记广泛应用于大多数畜禽品种及分子变异分析技术的发展,促进了分析品种遗传变异的能力。作者对用于度量畜禽遗传资源的群内遗传多样性评价方法及其在确定种内遗传多样性,以及保种方案中的应用进行了综述。 相似文献
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家畜遗传资源保护的新途径 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
本文对家畜遗传资源保护的经典保种理论和目前流行的其它各种保种理论与方法进行了分析,探讨了将DNA分子标记应用于家禽遗传资源保护的可行性,提出了DNA分子标记辅助小样体高效保种的新途径。 相似文献
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畜禽遗传资源保存的计算机模拟研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
运用计算机模拟方法产生畜禽品种的模拟保种群体,进行畜禽群体的保种研究。笔者考虑了选择、群体有效含量、性状的遗传力水平、控制性状的基因效应以及基因位点间的连锁强度等共24个参数组合,每种参数决定一个模拟群并且重复5次,共产生120个模拟群体,实验进行50世代。由模拟群体所得结果,讨论群体以及不同基因效应模型下群体生产性能均值、近交系数、基因丢失和群体基因频率等的变化,为实际畜禽保种工作提供理论依据。 相似文献
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The utility of molecular genetic approaches in conservation of endangered taxa is now commonly recognized. Over the past decade, conservation genetic analyses based on mitochondrial DNA sequencing and microsatellite genotyping have provided powerful tools to resolve taxonomy uncertainty of tiger subspecies, to define conservation units, to reconstruct phylogeography and demographic history, to examine the genetic ancestry of extinct subspecies, to assess population genetic status non-invasively, and to verify genetic background of captive tigers worldwide. The genetic status of tiger subspecies and populations and implications for developing strategies for the survival of this charismatic species both in situ and ex situ are discussed. 相似文献
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中国野生动物资源丰富,然而野生动物的保护目前仍较多使用一些宏观保护策略和描述性研究手段,对其保护和评价的分子研究却相对落后。分子标记作为第四代遗传标记,自建立以来,以其多方面的优势在野生动物保护研究领域得到了越来越广泛的应用。本文介绍了限制性片段长度多态性、随机扩增多态性、扩增片段长度多态性和微卫星等分子标记的基本原理及其优缺点,综述了分子标记技术在野生动物种群遗传结构、亲缘关系和系统分类、遗传图谱构建和基因定位、物种鉴定和个体识别等方面的应用和研究概况,同时对应用前景进行了展望:分子标记技术在今后的野生动物保护研究中发挥的作用将会更加明显。 相似文献
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中国大鸨研究进展及保护对策 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过统计1959-2005年关于大鸨的研究文献,分别从就地保护、迁地保护两个方面进行分析。结果表明:有关大鸨的研究虽从1959年开始,但直到80年代才逐渐形成系统,其中,就地保护研究数量(67.2%)多于迁地保护的研究数量(32.8%)。迁地保护和就地保护都存在研究内容比较基础的问题。在大鸨的就地保护中,保护区没有真正发挥其功效;大鸨迁地保护工作虽取得一定成就,能够保持人工饲养种群数量的基本稳定,但人工繁育技术只在部分地区取得成功,另外,应激和疾病仍是影响大鸨迁地保护工作的主要因素。本文针对目前中国大鸨现状提出保护对策,着重强调环境保护和科研合作。 相似文献
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地方、培育、引入品种资源的保存与发展的研究进展 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
作者就20世纪 80年代以来我国多次畜禽资源调查的结果作了详细的介绍,报道了576个品种在近30年来的变迁情况。除了常见的马、驴、黄牛、水牛、大额牛、牦牛、绵羊、山羊、猪、鸡、鸭、鹅、特禽的品种以外,尚有7种,如骆驼、兔、梅花鹿、马鹿、水貂、貉、蜂等动物。其中地方品种426个,培育品种73个,引入品种77个。已有19个地方品种灭绝,37个受严重威胁。作者回顾了20世纪末开始应用遗传检测手段,包括个体、细胞、蛋白质和分子水平4个层次的研究进展。证明多层次综合研究才能反映品种的全貌。建议资源调查中要着重选育强度带来的影响,品种调查提纲必须周密,要以品种特征和外貌为主,与遗传分析相结合,才可能提出可行的保种和开发方案。作者论证了配子和胚胎超低温保存、DNA保存的前景,并指出与企业合作进行保种的动向,国家应长期重点加以支持。 相似文献
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《African Zoology》2013,48(3):205-217
Molecular genetic techniques, such as DNA barcoding and genotyping, are increasingly being used to assist with the conservation and management of chondrichthyans worldwide. Southern Africa is a shark biodiversity hotspot, with a large number of endemic species. According to the IUCN Red List, a quarter of South Africa's chondrichthyans are threatened with extinction. South Africa's commercial shark fisheries have increased over the last decade and there is a need to ensure sustainable utilisation and conservation of this fisheries resource. Here, we give an overview of the molecular techniques that are used to assist in the identification of species, cryptic speciation and possible interspecific hybridisation, as well as the assessment of population structure and reproductive behaviour of endemic and commercially important chondrichthyan species of southern Africa. We discuss the potential application of these techniques for management and conservation of several species affected by South African fisheries. Acquiring baseline barcode data of all chondrichthyans in southern African waters and assessing the population structure of exploited species on a local and greater regional scale are recommended as research priorities. Future prospects should also include high-throughput molecular marker development and investigation of intraspecies functional variation using next generation sequencing technology. 相似文献
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关于地方品种牛资源保护的思考 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
近年来,人们对地方品种牛资源保护的重要性和迫切性已有基本的共识,但在一些具体问题的处理上,特别是在保种的具体方法和措施方面,不同的观点是存在一些分歧的。笔者根据工作实际,对地方品种牛的保种目标、选育保种、保种方式以及开发利用等方面进行了认真思考。 相似文献
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Isolation of microsatellite loci and reliable genotyping using noninvasive samples of a critically endangered primate,Trachypithecus leucocephalus 下载免费PDF全文
Genetic information can be critical in identifying conservation priorities and developing conservation strategies. There is an urgent need for noninvasive genetic tools to study the wild populations of Asian colobine monkeys. The majority of these species are threatened with habitat destruction, population reduction and even extinction, but generally lack information on their genetic diversity and population structure. Genetic sampling and tissue collection have been scarce in these species owing to strict regulations on manipulation of endangered species, and the difficulties and risks associated with capturing these arboreal and fast‐moving monkeys in the challenging environments that they inhabit. These difficulties have hindered the development of molecular genetic markers, which are usually derived from tissues or blood. In this study, we present a method for de novo microsatellite isolation and genotyping using DNA from noninvasive origins of a critically endangered Asian colobine, the white‐headed langur (Trachypithecus leucocephalus). Genomic DNA isolated from hair was shown to be sufficient for microsatellite enrichment and isolation, with similar isolation efficiencies as from tissue DNA. We identified and characterized 20 polymorphic microsatellite loci, and evaluated their amplification success and genotyping reliability with 86 field‐collected fecal samples. These results show that this panel of loci can produce reliable genotypes from fecal samples, and represent a useful tool for noninvasive investigation of genetic structure, individual identification and kinship assessment in this highly endangered species. Our approach can be applied to conservation genetic studies of other wild species that lack sequence information and tissue samples. 相似文献