稻田和池塘两种模式下金边鲤与建鲤肠道菌群 差异分析

利用MiSeq高通量测序技术测定16S rRNA基因序列,分析比较池塘金边鲤、稻田金边鲤、池塘建鲤和稻田建鲤4组鲤鱼肠道菌群的结构组成和丰度差异。试验结果显示,池塘金边鲤组、稻田金边鲤组、池塘建鲤组和稻田建鲤组分别获得了377、250、367和455个运算分类单元,其中运算分类单元聚类分析发现,稻田建鲤组与另外3组差异最大;菌群多样性分析发现,池塘金边鲤组的辛普森指数显著高于其他3组(P0.05),而稻田建鲤组及稻田金边鲤组的香农指数分别为1.56±0.22和2.53±0.82,均高于对应的池塘组,但差异不显著(P0.05);此外,池塘金边鲤组中变形菌门(89.56%)和气单胞菌属(82.68%)在其肠道菌群组成中占有绝对优势(P0.05),而另外3组在门分类水平和属分类水平的菌群结构和相对丰度较为相似,优势菌门均为变形菌门、梭杆菌门和厚壁菌门,主要优势菌属为鲸杆菌属、气单胞菌属和乳球菌属;京都基因和基因组百科全书(KEGG)功能预测比较分析发现,各组样品的肠道微生物富集到了多个相同的代谢途径以及部分信号传导、调节和修复机制相关信号通路。本研究结果发现,在稻田和池塘养殖模式下,金边鲤的肠道优势菌群种类、相对丰度以及参与的信号通路与建鲤无显著差异,提示金边鲤与其他鲤鱼一样可适应这两种养殖模式。     

稻田和池塘养殖禾花鲤肌肉营养与品质分析

为评估不同养殖环境对禾花鲤(Cyprinus carpio)肌肉营养与品质的影响,采用国标法检测稻田和池塘2种养殖环境下禾花鲤肌肉常规营养成分、质构特性、氨基酸和脂肪酸组成。结果显示,池塘组禾花鲤肌肉粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量显著高于稻田组(P<0.05),水分含量显著低于稻田组(P<0.05),灰分含量2组差异不显著(P>0.05);池塘组肌肉粘性显著高于稻田组(P<0.05),内聚性和剪切力显著低于稻田组(P<0.05),其他质构指标2组间差异不显著(P>0.05);肌肉氨基酸测定结果显示,池塘组氨基酸总量(?TAA)、鲜味氨基酸(DAA)、必需氨基酸(EAA)、非必需氨基酸(NEAA)显著高于稻田组(P<0.05),?EAA/TAA和?EAA/NEAA显著低于稻田组(P<0.05),2组禾花鲤必需氨基酸构成比例均符合FAO/WHO标准;在鲜味氨基酸含量方面,池塘组主要的4种呈味氨基酸含量均显著高于稻田组(P<0.05)。根据氨基酸评分(AAS)和化学评分(CS)标准,2组禾花鲤肌肉第一、二限制性氨基酸均分别为色氨酸(Trp)和缬氨酸(Val);在脂肪酸测定结果中显示,池塘组单不饱和脂肪酸(∑MUFA)含量显著高于稻田组(P<0.05),但多不饱和脂肪酸(∑PUFA)、EPA+DHA和∑n-3PUFA/ ∑n-6PUFA显著低于稻田组(P<0.05)。综上所述,池塘和稻田养殖条件下,禾花鲤均为优质的蛋白质来源,但不同养殖环境对禾花鲤肌肉营养与品质有显著影响。从常规营养成分、氨基酸评分方面看,池塘养殖条件下禾花鲤肌肉营养价值更高;从脂肪酸角度来看,稻田养殖禾花鲤肌肉具有较高的EPA+DHA含量以及n-3/n-6多不饱和脂肪酸比例,更适合高血脂和心血管疾病等患者食用,从质构性来看,稻田养殖环境下禾花鲤肌肉更具嚼劲。     

稻田与池塘养殖瓯江彩鲤肌肉营养成分对比分析

为探究不同养殖条件下瓯江彩鲤肌肉营养组成的差异,分别对吉林省稻田养殖(PF组)和池塘养殖(PC组)瓯江彩鲤肌肉的常规营养成分、氨基酸、脂肪酸以及部分矿物元素含量进行测定,分析了两种养殖条件下瓯江彩鲤营养组成的差异。就常规营养组成而言,PF组瓯江彩鲤肌肉中水分含量显著高于PC组(P<0.05)。PF组瓯江彩鲤肌肉中甘氨酸(Gly)、酪氨酸(Tyr)及胱氨酸(Cys)等氨基酸的含量均显著高于PC组(P<0.05),且PF组鲜味氨基酸总量明显高于PC组;就脂肪酸组成而言,PF组瓯江彩鲤肌肉中二十碳五烯酸(EPA)和二十二碳六烯酸甲酯(DHA)含量均显著高于PC组(P<0.05);除镁(Mg)和钠(Na)外,PF组瓯江彩鲤肌肉中其余矿物元素含量均显著高于PC组(P<0.05)。综合肌肉氨基酸组成、脂肪酸组成及矿物质含量等结果,稻田养殖瓯江彩鲤的营养品质优于池塘养殖个体。     

贵州喀斯特山区稻田养殖建鲤肌肉营养成分分析与健康评价

该研究分析了稻田养殖建鲤的肌肉营养成分,旨在了解建鲤在贵州省稻田养殖条件下的营养特点。试验采用常规营养成分分析方法测定了稻田养殖建鲤肌肉中的营养。结果表明:稻田养殖建鲤肌肉中水分含量为76.58%±0.31%,粗灰分含量2.20%±0.03%,粗脂肪含量为2.39%±0.06%,粗蛋白含量为21.02%±0.21%。稻田养殖建鲤肌肉中检测出18种氨基酸,总量为83.47%±1.17%,其中8种必需氨基酸占比34.29%±0.11%,非必需氨基酸占49.18%±0.23%,鲜味氨基酸占31.29%±0.64%,必需氨基酸和非必需氨基酸比值为69.12%,均符合FAO/WHO的评价标准;必需氨基酸指数为76.40%。稻田养殖建鲤肌肉中共检测出21种脂肪酸,饱和脂肪酸(SFA)、单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)、多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)分别占脂肪酸总量的30.65%、37.51%、31.87%;∑SFA:∑MUFA∶∑PUFA比例为1∶1.22∶1.04,ΣPUFA n-6∶ΣPUFA n-3为1.38。综上所述,相对于其他常见稻田养殖品种,稻田养殖的建鲤营养成分均衡,以期为稻田养殖建鲤以及居民...     

池塘和稻田两种养殖模式下建鲤肠道菌群、免疫酶活性及肌肉氨基酸比较分析

为了综合评价稻田和池塘两种养殖模式下建鲤(Cyprinus carpio var.jian)的肠道健康及肌肉风味,在夏秋两季对这两种养殖模式下建鲤的肠道菌群、肠道免疫酶活性及肌肉氨基酸含量进行比较分析.结果 显示,与养殖模式相比较,建鲤肠道菌群受季节的影响更显著.夏秋两季两种模式下建鲤肠道的优势菌群为厚壁菌门(Firm...     

稻田养殖鲤与池塘养殖鲤的风味比较

为探究稻田和池塘养殖对鲤(Cyprinus carpio)肌肉风味的影响,2021年8-10月随机采集两种养殖环境下的鲤进行感官分析并测定其游离氨基酸、核苷酸和挥发性物质成分,同时对氨基酸、核苷酸和挥发性物质成分的组成及含量进行了比较分析。感官评价分析结果显示两种养殖环境下的鲤肌肉在10月时,气味上有明显差异。稻田和池塘养殖鲤肌肉中氨基酸及核苷酸种类相同,稻田养殖的鲤肌肉中呈鲜味氨基酸如谷氨酸含量显著高于池塘养殖;稻田养殖的鲤肌肉味精当量值(equivalent umami concentration, EUC)最高含量达到了5.68 g MSG/100 g,显著高于池塘养殖的EUC值4.61 MSG g/100 g;同时,稻田养殖鲤肌肉中土腥味、青草味的物质,如己醛、壬醛的含量显著低于池塘养殖。综上表明,稻田养殖的鲤滋味更为鲜美,土腥味的物质含量更少。     

主养建鲤的池塘施肥

主养建鲤的池塘施肥近几年来，池塘高密度主养建鲤发展很快，许多养殖户取得了很高的经济效益，但也有一部分养殖户，特别是刚从事养鱼的新手，由于没有经验，往往把不住施肥关，造成较大损失。例如，我们渔场的一些养殖户，１９９２年第一次高密度主养建鲤，按主养肥水鱼...     

主养建鲤池塘施肥技术

我们鱼场的一些养殖户,1992年第一次高密度主养建鲤,按主养肥水鱼的方法,先施足基肥,后每月1次增施追肥,结果到6月底大部分池塘发生严重死鱼现象,其中一口面积1.33公顷的池塘,发现浮头后,立即开动增氧机,同时加注新水,全力解救,半天时间仍死鱼近2000公斤,90％为建鲤,直接     

池塘和稻田养殖模式下小龙虾肌肉营养成分的比较

以小龙虾为对象,研究池塘和稻田两种养殖模式下对其肌肉营养成分的影响.选用池塘和稻田分别饲养小龙虾,分为池塘组和稻田组,其中池塘放养密度8000尾/亩,稻田放养密度5000尾/亩;试验期21天;试验末期随机选取体格附肢完好、规格均一的小龙虾各15尾,采用常规组织取样法取肌肉进行主要营养物资水分、粗脂肪、粗水分、粗蛋白测定.测定结果显示,稻田组的小龙虾肌肉的粗蛋白和水分都显著比池塘组的高(P<0.05);池塘组的水分比稻田组的水分高,差异显著(P<0.05);粗灰分、粗脂肪含量两组间无差异(P>0.05).说明从肌肉营养成分上面来看稻田组的饲养模式优于池塘组.     

池塘内循环养殖模式下不同营养水平饲料对建鲤生长性能及养殖效益的影响

为探讨池塘内循环养殖模式下不同营养水平饲料对建鲤(Cyprinus carpiovar)生长性能及养殖效益的影响,以常规池塘养殖营养水平饲料为对照,提高蛋白、脂肪含量,形成3个营养水平的试验饲料,其中粗蛋白水平分别为32％、34％、38％,粗脂肪水平分别为8％、10％、11％,分别记为F1、F2、F3组,每组设3个重复...     

建鲤与异育银鲫生长、生化组成和饲料利用的比较

In order to investigate the difference in utilization of diets with different quality in Jian carp（Cyprinus carpio var. Jian）and allogynogenetic silver curcian carp(Carassius auratus gibelio), a 55 d growth trial was conducted and low quality diet (LQ-diet) and high quality diet (HQ diet) were tested. LQ-diet contained 33.91% dietary protein which is mainly from soybean meal while HQ-diet contained 45.59% dietary protein which is mainly from fish meal. The initial average body weights were from 5.58 g to 5.82 g for two fish strains. The trial was carried out in a system consisting of 12 self circulation 320 L tanks. During the experiment, the fish were fed to satiation twice a day (at 9: 00 and 15:00), and uneaten feed was collected 1 h after feeding and dried. Feces were collected twice a day (at 11:00 and 16:45) from the fecal traps and dried at 70 ℃. The results show that feed intake was higher in Jian carp than in allogynogenetic silver curcian carp when fed LQ diet, while there was no significant difference between weight gain, feed conversion efficiency, protein efficiency rate and apparent digestibility. When fed HQ diet, Jian carp showed a lower feed intake, but higher feed conversion efficiency and protein efficiency rate than allogynogenetic silver curcian carp while there was no significant difference in the weight gain and apparent digestibility of both species. For Jian carp, feed intake and protein efficiency rate for the fish fed HQ diet and LQ diet were not significantly different, while the fish fed HQ diet showed higher weight gain, feed conve rsion efficiency and apparent digestibility. For allogynogenetic silver curcian carp, the fish fed HQ diet showed significantly higher feed intake, apparent digestibility, weight gain, feed conversion efficiency and lower protein efficiency rate. For Jian carp, body contents of dry matter, protein, lipid and energy for the fish fed HQ diet and LQ diet were significantly higher. For allogynogenetic silver curcian carp, body contents of dry matter and protein was significantly higher, while body contents of lipid and energy were affected by diet qualities. Compared to Jian carp, allogynogenetic silver curcian carp showed better utilization when fed LQ diet while poorer utilization when fed HQ diet.     

福瑞鲤2号不同生长速率个体肌肉组织转录组分析

鱼类通过选育获得优良生长性状的遗传分子机制 目前尚不清楚.实验分析比较了 2种不同生长速率福瑞鲤2号肌肉组织的转录组文库.组装后共获得3 92 23 8条测序序列(contigs).其中可比对上斑马鱼、弓斑东方鲀、青鳉、三刺鱼、尼罗罗非鱼和松浦镜鲤的蛋白序列的比例为56.01％～77.71％.2种不同生长速率福瑞鲤2号...     

Effect of feeding apidaecin on common carp (Cyprinus carpio) growth performances and immune function

Effect of apidaecin on common carp (Cyprinus carpio) based on growth performance, feed utilization (Feed Conversion Ratio, FCR) and immune parameters were investigated. Twelve aquaria with three replicates for G1-3 and control were used. The synthesized apidaecin peptide was added to common carp basal diets (Control) as additives in three concentrations: 10.0 mg kg^− 1 (G1), 15.0 mg kg^− 1 (G2) and 30.0 mg kg^− 1 (G3) by wet weight of basal diet. After an 80-day feeding experiment, G2 and G3 showed significantly better (P < 0.05) results of growth performances and FCR than the control. However, there was no remarkable difference (P > 0.05) between G2 and G3. As for G1, the final weight, SGR (Specific Growth Rate) and DG (Daily Gain) were increased and the FCR was decreased, but not significantly (P > 0.05) compared with the control. The serum lysozyme activity of G2 and G3 was significantly increased (P < 0.05) than the control. As for the alternative complement pathway activity, G2 and G3 were also higher (P < 0.05) than the control. However, no significant difference (P > 0.05) was found whichever between G2 and G3 or between G1 and G2 in both lysozyme and the alternative complement pathway activities. Furthermore, there was no remarkable difference between G1 and the control in immune parameters.     

鲤胰蛋白酶原基因的电子克隆及生物信息学分析

为深入研究胰蛋白酶在鱼类中的生理功能和作用机制,利用生物信息学的方法,成功获得了鲤3种胰凝乳蛋白酶原cDNA序列(ccTRP1、ccTRP2和ccTRP3)并对其进行了序列分析。结果表明,三者均含有一个长度为729bp的开放阅读框(open reading frame,ORF),编码由242个氨基酸组成的胰蛋白酶原,其中包括15个氨基酸组成的信号肽和5个氨基酸(LDDDK)组成的激活肽。总平均亲水性GRAVY(grand average of hydropathicity)分析表明,三者均是亲水性蛋白。氨基酸比对结果显示,三者具备胰蛋白酶原的保守结构特征,如含有催化三联体氨基酸(His-57、Asp-102和Ser-195),12个半胱氨酸,位于底物结合口袋底部Asp-189和口袋开口处的Gly-216、Gly-226等。同时,鲤3种胰蛋白酶之间具有90%以上的同源性。进化树结果显示,鲤3种胰蛋白酶均属于Group I(阴离子型胰蛋白酶),且三者的进化距离不一致。     

Effects of pyridoxine on antioxidative parameters in juvenile Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian)

To investigate the effects of dietary pyridoxine (PN) on antioxidant status of fish in serum, intestine and trunk kidney, 1050 juvenile Jian carp (11.7 ± 0.1 g) were used for the experiment. The carp were divided into seven groups and fed diets containing graded levels of PN (0.20, 1.71, 3.23, 4.96, 6.32, 8.58 and 12.39 mg kg^?1 of diet) for 80 days. Results of the study showed that content of malondialdehyde in serum, intestine and kidney tissues was the highest when fed the diet containing 1.71 mg PN kg^?1 diet (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the protein carbonyl content of intestine and kidney tissue showed a downward trend to a point (P < 0.05). Conversely, activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px), glutathione S‐transferase, glutathione reductase and glutathione (GSH) content in serum, intestine and kidney tissue were generally higher in PN‐supplemented diets than unsupplemented diet (P < 0.05). The present results indicated that the PN decreased lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation in fish, and partly because of its improved antioxidant enzymes activities and levels of GSH.     

辛基酚对鲤的雌激素效应

研究了辛基酚对鲤的雌激素效应。经10、50、100、300和500μg/L辛基酚暴露32d后,鲤存活率和肥满度与对照组无差异;性腺指数变化明显,雌鱼性腺指数随暴露剂量的增大而增大,雄鱼性腺指数随暴露剂量的增大而减小;50μg/L及以上暴露组与对照组差异显著(P<0.05)。辛基酚能诱导鲤雄鱼产生卵黄蛋白原,暴露剂量为10μg/L组有部分雄鱼肝脏匀浆和血液中检出卵黄蛋白原,50、100和300μg/L组卵黄蛋白原含量随辛基酚浓度的增大而显著增大,500μg/L组卵黄蛋白原含量低于300μg/L组、高于100μg/L组,均为极显著差异(P<0.01)。     

The influence of feeding history on the acute stress response of common carp (Cyprinus carpio)

The effect of an 80-day maintenance-feeding period on the acute stress response of common carp, Cyprinus carpio, to net confinement was determined. Fish were raised on an optimal feeding level of 20 g food/kg of metabolic fish weight per day (g/kg^0.8 day⁻¹) until 124 days post-hatch (dph). Feeding in group one (L>H) was then reduced to maintenance levels, i.e. 5 g/kg^0.8 day⁻¹ until 204 dph, when the feeding was again increased to 20 g/kg^0.8 day⁻¹. In group two (H>L), the feeding level was reduced from 20 to 5 g/kg^0.8 day⁻¹ on day 146. All fish were sampled at 226 dph. Food ration had significant effects on the growth rate and food conversion values with fish fed the high ration performing better than those on a lower level. Prior to the application of the stressor, only plasma levels of triglycerides were lower in fish fed a low food ration (H>L). Feeding history influenced the onset of the stress response with stressor-induced elevations of plasma cortisol, glucose and free fatty acids being higher in fish fed a high ration compared with those fed a low ration prior to sampling. These results suggest that feeding history through modification of the energy reserves can influence the onset of the acute stress response.