福建省大豆根腐病病原菌的鉴定

为明确福建省大豆根腐病病原菌的种类及组成,于2007～2009年从漳州、厦门、龙岩等地大豆产区采集根腐病标样216份,从中分离到307株丝状病原真菌.根据其培养性状、形态学特征、代表性菌株的致病性测定及rDNA-ITS序列分析,将这些病原菌分为5种,分别为尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum,112株)、茄...     

黄瓜茎基腐病菌拮抗真菌的分离和筛选

[目的]分离和筛选黄瓜茎基腐病菌的拮抗真菌。[方法]从病田土壤采集21个土壤标本,分离得到5种对瓜果腐霉、瓜类腐皮镰孢菌和立枯丝核菌有拮抗作用的拮抗菌,并进行温室盆栽防病试验。[结果]经鉴定,5种拮抗菌分属于长枝木霉、橘绿木霉、康氏木霉、哈慈木霉和绿色木霉,对瓜果腐霉、瓜类腐皮镰孢菌和立枯丝核菌的生长都有强烈的抑制作用。在人工接种条件下,5种拮抗菌对立枯丝核菌引起的茎基腐病的防效在60%以上,对瓜果腐霉引起的茎基腐病的防治效果差些。[结论]该研究筛选出的5种拮抗菌对瓜果腐霉、瓜类腐皮镰孢菌和立枯丝核菌引起的黄瓜茎基腐病均有一定的防效。     

烤烟根部真菌区系及其致病性研究

 本文报道从云南省楚雄市、玉溪市、保山市等8个烟区采集到烤烟根茎病害标本347号,经分离、纯化、鉴定,初步获得腐霉菌(Pythium spp.),镰刀菌(Fusarium spp.),疫霉菌(Phytophthora spp.),根串珠霉(Thielaviopsis basicola)等13个类群真菌区系;通过致病性测定,其中,6个类群有致病性;复合侵染能增强致病能力;并鉴定出楚雄市等地的烤烟根病有猝倒病(Pythiumaphanidermatum Hesse),黑胫病(Phytophthora porasiticavar.nicotianae Tucker),根黑腐病(Thielaviopsis basicola Ferr)等6种。     

诱捕分离土壤中的生防放线菌

以灰葡萄孢(Botrytiscinerea)和黄枝孢(Fulviafulva)2种病原真菌作为靶标菌,利用皿内诱捕法从土壤中分离获得22株放线菌,经对7种靶标真菌进行皿内拮抗性测定结果表明,其中8株放线菌对部分病原真菌有很强抑制作用,占到分离菌株总数的47.1%,有较强抑制作用的放线菌有7株。有45%的菌株可以抑制苹果炭疽菌、茄子黄萎菌和大豆腐霉菌。菌株SC1,SC11和A1的发酵液对4种靶标菌的抑制作用最强,75%菌株的发酵液对灰葡萄孢有较强的抑制作用,菌株SC1,SF1和A3的发酵液对苹果灰葡萄孢的控制作用超过80%。     

番木瓜茎基腐病初步研究

介绍了珠海市番木瓜茎基腐病的发生危害情况、病原菌鉴定、发病条件分析及防治措施,指出番木瓜茎基腐病主要发生于番木瓜植株主干与地面的交界处,其病原经鉴定为棕榈疫霉(phytophthora palmivora)和瓜果腐霉(pythium aphanidermatum).     

枯草芽孢杆菌B47高产拮抗物质菌株的紫外诱变选育(英文)

[Objective] The aim of this study was to breed new strains which have higher inhibitory effects on the pathogens of watermelon fusarium wilt.[Method] The endophytic Bacillus subtilis B47 strain was obtained from tomato stems by UV mutagenesis for two consecutive times,then genetic stability as well as physiological and biochemical properties of mutant strains were studied.[Result] The antibacterial activity of all the three mutant strains F303,F304 and F305 was higher than that of B74 strain.After subculture of 10 successive generations,the antibacterial activity of all the three mutant strains for the pathogens of watermelon fusarium wilt decreased,but the antibacterial activity of F305 strain decreased the least,indicating its best genetic stability among the tested strains.The antibacterial circle diameter of F305 strain was 5 mm larger than that of wild strain B47 under the same condition.The mutant strain F305 was in logarithmic growth phase within 36 h and in stationary phase within 36-96 h,while its optimum growth temperature was 35 ℃.F305 strain could grow in sodium salt with the concentration of 1%-10%,but it grew best at the concentration of 1%.Physiological and biochemical responses of F305 strain were in accordance with those of wild strain B47.[Conclusion] This study lays the foundation for the factorial production of antagonistic substance by B47 strain and new methods of preventing from the pathogens watermelon fusarium wilt.     

枯草芽孢杆菌B47高产拮抗物质菌株的紫外诱变选育

[目的]为选育对西瓜枯萎病病菌具更强抑制作用的新菌株。[方法]对从番茄茎内分离获得的内生枯草芽孢杆菌B47菌株进行连续2次紫外线诱变,并对诱变菌株的遗传稳定性和生理生化特性进行测定。[结果]筛选获得3株抑菌活性高于B47菌株的诱变菌株F303、F304、F305,经10代传代培养后,3株诱变菌株对西瓜枯萎病病菌的抑菌活性都有所下降,但F305的抑菌活性下降最小,遗传稳定性最好,在同等条件下其抑菌圈直径仍比野生菌株B47大5 mm。诱变菌株F305在36 h内处于对数生长期,在36~96 h内处于稳定期;最适宜生长温度为35℃;在浓度为1%~10%的钠盐中皆能生长,但以浓度为1%时生长最好,该菌株的生理生化反应与野生菌株B47的反应一致。[结论]该研究为利用B47菌株进行工厂化生产拮抗性物质产品和探讨防治西瓜枯萎病的新方法奠定了基础。     

玉米茎腐病菌毒素的产生条件和化学特征的初步研究

通过对玉米茎腐病菌毒素的产生条件和化学特征的初步研究,发现病原菌在Richard培养基中产生的毒素活性最高。玉米茎腐病禾谷镰孢菌（Fusariumgraminearum）和瓜果腐霉菌（Pythiumaphanidermatum）分别在活体外培养20d和25d产生的毒素活性最高。病原菌产生的毒素为糖蛋白类物质。     

枯草芽孢杆菌B47高产拮抗物质菌株的紫外诱变选育(英文)

[Objective] The aim of this study was to breed new strains which have higher inhibitory effects on the pathogens of watermelon fusarium wilt.[Method] The endophytic Bacillus subtilis B47 strain was obtained from tomato stems by UV mutagenesis for two consecutive times,then genetic stability as well as physiological and biochemical properties of mutant strains were studied.[Result] The antibacterial activity of all the three mutant strains F303,F304 and F305 was higher than that of B74 strain.After subculture of 10 successive generations,the antibacterial activity of all the three mutant strains for the pathogens of watermelon fusarium wilt decreased,but the antibacterial activity of F305 strain decreased the least,indicating its best genetic stability among the tested strains.The antibacterial circle diameter of F305 strain was 5 mm larger than that of wild strain B47 under the same condition.The mutant strain F305 was in logarithmic growth phase within 36 h and in stationary phase within 36-96 h,while its optimum growth temperature was 35 ℃.F305 strain could grow in sodium salt with the concentration of 1%-10%,but it grew best at the concentration of 1%.Physiological and biochemical responses of F305 strain were in accordance with those of wild strain B47.[Conclusion] This study lays the foundation for the factorial production of antagonistic substance by B47 strain and new methods of preventing from the pathogens watermelon fusarium wilt.