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论城市森林的范围及经营对策 总被引:35,自引:2,他引:33
工业发展与城市化使城市环境恶化,城市对森林的需要增加。建设完善的城市森林生态体系,合理划分城市森林的范围,并进行高效经营已是当务之急。本文对影响划分城市森林范围的森林类型、划分原则、为协调城市与林区关系及在市场经济条件下的经营对策进行探讨。 相似文献
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森林分类经营的层次论 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
实行森林分类经营是现代林业发展的必然。本文提出了森林分类经营的层次论,论述了森林分类经营的3个层次。第一层次:以造林灭荒和全面绿化为主体的造林绿化是实现森林分类经营的基础和前提;第二层次:划分商品林、公益林和兼用林是森林分类经营的本质;第三层次:建立比较完备的林业生态体系和比较发达的林业产业体系是森林分类经营的必然目标。同时,提出了造林绿化的阶段论和建立沿边防护林体系的设想。 相似文献
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湖南省森林经营区划布局与经营策略 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文主要从森林分类经营、分区施策的角度对湖南省森林经营进行了区划布局,将全省划分为湘中丘陵低山水土保持与木本粮油林经营亚区;环洞庭湖平原丘陵水土保持与农田林网防护林经营亚区;武陵—雪峰山地水土保持与大径材林经营亚区;南岭山地水源涵养与用材林经营亚区;罗霄-幕阜山地水土保持与用材林经营亚区等5个森林经营亚区。根据各亚区不同的区位、类型和经营状况,提出符合各亚区实际情况的经营措施。 相似文献
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森林经营类型的划分,及其森林经营措施和森林经营管理类型的确定,是森林经营方案的核心内容。本文针对河北省木兰林管局所处区位条件、森林资源基础和任务,利用最新进行的二类调查资料,按照森林经营主导任务和现实森林类型,将木兰林管局划分为6种森林经营类型组和相应的26种具体的森林经营类型。从不同森林经营类型、森林经营目标出发,结合现有经营技术水平,提出了不同森林经营类型主要经营技术措施和管理途径。并就森林经营方案有效实施,提出了进一步完善森林资源管理政策、构建森林经营方案为核心的管理体系,以及加强森林经营管理人员能力的对策建议。 相似文献
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本文提出低效油桐林经营类型划分原则,将低效油桐林经营类型划分为纯林经营和桐农间种两大类型,又将桐农间种类型划分为油桐-高秆农作物、油桐-矮秆农作物、油桐-藤蔓农作物三个亚类型。对低效油桐林经营类型要综合应用,达到经济和生态效益双赢的目的。 相似文献
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以福建三明将乐林场为研究对象,研究基于空间数据的森林经营类型的划分方法和技术。首先分析研究地区对将乐县森林的功能需求,根据分类经营的要求提出9种森林经营类型;其次在定性与定量化结合的基础上提出基于ArcGIS平台的划分指标及阈值;最终确定各小班主导功能,组织森林经营类型。GIS技术善于处理复杂的空间信息因子并能得出可视化的结果,使森林经营类型划分变得更科学、高效和直观。 相似文献
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林业管理体制是研究林业发展战略的中心议题,是深化改革的核心。本文对世界林业机构设置类型和管理体制模式进行了探讨。根据机构的性质和任务,把世界林业管理体制划分为两大模式:政企合一和政企分离。当今,实行政企分离,独立经济核算,走企业化的道路,是一个明显的发展趋势。 相似文献
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本文着重论述了日本国有林的发展阶段及其经营管理的5个特点和经验:(1)确定了发挥森林多种效益的战略指导思想;(2)健全法制,依法治林;(3)建立一套科学的森林计划体系;(4)有一个稳定的林业管理体制;(5)采取扶持政策。最后,对日本国有林今后的发展进行了展望。 相似文献
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Evolution and Diversification of Community Forestry Regimes in Babati District, Tanzania 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Since the 1980s many tropical countries have promoted community forestry (CF). Gradually, various forms of community forest management regimes were developed in response to decentralization processes in the forest administration or the government administration. The emergence of community forestry regime (CFR) complexes and their evolutionary pathways have still been little explored. In Tanzania, Babati District is a pioneer in the development of CF. This paper assesses how emergence of a CFR complex is related to dynamic institutional interactions at local community level and bureaucratic level. It is demonstrated that evolution and diversity of CF regimes is associated with (a) a partial bureaucratic deconcentration of the government’s administrative authority over forests from national level to district level, and (b) democratic decentralization in the form of a partial devolution of formal management authority over forests from governmental authorities to local communities and individual people. Also, it is shown that endogenous changes in the norms and principles of the traditional systems of indigenous forest management occurred, calling for formulation of policy objectives that help to sustain local management practices. 相似文献
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丰富的森林资源促进了第2次世界大战结束后日本经济的恢复和高速发展。此后,林产品市场供求、生产经营和产业政策发生了重大变化。文中分析了日本森林资源和森林经营现状、木材供求和森林功能多样化的趋势,以及林业政策、经营管理和技术创新的动向,以期为理论研究和业务决策提供参考。日本在经济高速增长期过后,木材需求量减少,自给率维持低位。近年来,日本林木进入集中主伐利用期,社会对森林生态环保需求增大,森林经营面临着规模过小、国有林缺乏经营活力、年轻劳动力减少等问题。日本森林经营管理创新的重点包括提高科技贡献率、改革林业特别是国有林的生产经营体制、提升森林在生态与环境和经济减贫等多方面价值。目前,上述创新已经效果初现,也是今后日本林业改革发展的主要方向。 相似文献
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《Journal of Sustainable Forestry》2013,32(3-4):15-26
Abstract Forests of Turkey were severely degraded and depleted as a result of mismanagement particularly during the application of uneven-aged management periods. With the beginning of a national call for planning, all forests except fir-dominated stands are planned for management under even-aged management methods. This paper explains and discusses the results of application of even-aged management on Calabrian pine forests and Eastern spruce forests in Turkey. As shown in 1973 with the first timber inventory, the implementation of even-aged management failed in the first planning period to create an optimal forest structure. It was observed, however, that even-aged management is beginning to accomplish an optimal forest structure in Calabrian pine forests with successful silvicultural treatments. In contrast, implementations of the even-aged management method on spruce forests was found unsuccessful so far. It is concluded that the method would be implementable in spruce-dominated forests and the other light-demanding commercial tree species as well if the silvicultural plans are prepared carefully based on site classification, and if the welfare system of the forest villagers in Eastern Black Sea region is improved. 相似文献
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Rafael Moreno-Sanchez Juan Manuel Torres-Rojo Francisco Moreno-Sanchez Sue Hawkins Justin Little Susan McPartland 《林业研究》2012,23(4):529-541
Forest managers and policy makers increasingly demand to have access to estimates of forest fragmentation,human accessibility to forest areas and levels of anthropogenic pressure on the remaining forests to integrate them into monitoring systems,management and conservation plans.Forest fragmentation is defined as the breaking up of a forest unit,where the number of patches and the amount of expose edge increase while the amount of core area decreases.Forest fragmentation studies in Mexico have been limited to local or regional levels and have concentrated only on specific forest types.This paper presents an assessment of the fragmentation of all forest types at the national level,their effective proximity to anthropogenic influences,and the development of an indicator of anthropogenic pressure on the forests areas.Broadleaf forests,tropical evergreen forests and tropical dry deciduous forests show the greatest fragmentation.Almost half(47%) of the tropical forests are in close effective proximity to anthropogenic influences and only 12% of their area can be considered isolated from anthropogenic influences.The values for the temperate forests are 23% and 29% respectively.Anthropogenic pressure in the immediate vicinity of anthropogenic activities is much higher in the tropical forests(75 in a scale 0-100) than in the temperate forests(30).When considering these results jointly,the tropical forests,and more specifically,the tropical evergreen forests and tropical dry deciduous forests are under the greatest pressure and risks of degradation. 相似文献
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分析当前莆田市国有林场经营管理存在的主要问题和制约因素 ,提出全市国有林场生态公益林与商品林经营管理改革应对措施和配套政策 相似文献