非手术疗法治愈大熊猫肠梗阻

一只自然保护区的大熊猫因平日活动少,饮水少而致肠梗阻,由于大熊猫肠道解剖学的特殊性和主食竹类的粗纤维而导致肠梗阻的危重性,治疗很困难,用手术疗法结果往往令人失望。此次用非手术治疗此病,经过20天治疗和护理而告痊愈。一、发病经过大熊猫,雌性,年龄5岁,体重55公斤,营养状况上等,1月31日早发现大熊猫不愿动,不食,精神差,蜷卧,     

大熊猫肠梗阻

武汉动物园饲养的1只大熊猫,雌性,1962年9月生,1963年于四川南坪地区野外捕获,1985年进入刚开放的武汉动物园,现年36岁,在素有“火炉”之称的武汉生活20多年。1986年2月以后,完全不食竹叶。经检查:牙齿呈深黄色,上下犬齿已基本磨平,臼齿磨损严重,且不平整,右下前臼齿缺少1枚,左     

猫科动物肠梗阻非手术性治疗的临床小结

过去对肠梗阻的治疗多采用手术疗法，但野生动物的临床实践证明，此法易引起感染和并发症。尤其是猫科动物，护理非常困难，常导致预后不良。1998年至今，作者采用非手术疗法，包括药物灌肠、抗感染、强心补液、纠正酸中毒等措施，治疗12例猫科动物肠梗阻，均取得成功。本法较之手术疗法具有省时、方便、易护理、费用低、成功率高等优点，值得推广。     

中西结合治疗大熊猫肠梗阻

肠梗阻是大熊猫主要急腹症之一，其临床特点是腹痛、腹胀、呕吐和停止排粪，并且发病急，进展快，病情严重，发病率较高，如果处理不当，容易造成不良后果。近年来，中国保护大熊猫研究中心采用了中西医结合治疗大熊猫肠梗阻，取得了较好的效果。     

大熊猫急性嵌入性肠梗阻

临床病史大熊猫欢欢．雌性．成年约6岁。出生地．四川卧龙自然保护区。1986年5月5日起．拒食．少动。渐渐出现烦躁不安，身体蜷曲．腹痛。翌日．出现腹胀．无明显呕吐及腹泻。经解痉、止痛及抗感染等对症治疗，病情不见好转，发病36h后死亡。     

一例肠系膜缠绕引起大熊猫肠梗阻的治疗

2011年,1只野外抢救大熊猫出现精神、食欲差,腹部鼓胀症状。笔者通过触诊、手指探查、X光检查,诊断为肠梗阻。采取手术方法治疗。因肠系膜缠绕结肠段而导致的肠梗阻,需去除缠绕,经直肠探查人工协助掏出部分粪团。对肠道上段不能探及的梗阻粪团,轻轻用手将前段逐渐往后段按摩,并分割成段。通过上攻下疏的办法,经过12 d的治疗和护理,患病大熊猫痊愈。     

手术治疗大熊猫肠梗阻病例

大熊猫肠梗阻是大熊猫非传染性内科急腹症中的一种多发病,无论在野外或圈养条件下均可发生[1]。特点为发病急、进展快、病情严重,发病率较高,如不及时抢救,容易导致大熊猫死亡。近年来中国大熊猫保护研究中心多次遇到大熊猫患肠梗阻,通过经验积累和临床实践,探索出手术治疗大熊猫肠梗阻的方法,并成功治愈1例,报告如下。     

1例大熊猫肠梗阻的诊治及文献回顾

大熊猫肠梗阻是以食欲废绝,有抬尾排便动作但无排粪排出,听诊肠音弱或消失,不愿活动,腹痛、疼痛剧烈时表现不安、滚转、时起时卧等为主要表现的急腹症,可分为机械性、动力性及血运性肠梗阻等3种类型,以亚成体和老年大熊猫较为多见。文章总结1例亚成体大熊猫肠梗阻的诊治经过并回顾相关文献资料,对大熊猫肠梗阻的诊治进行讨论分析,以期为提高大熊猫肠梗阻临床诊治认识提供参考。     

大熊猫直肠脱及继发肠梗阻护理探讨

通过对一只先后发生直肠脱及继发肠梗阻的幼龄大熊猫输液纠正水、电解质紊乱和酸碱失衡,抗生素治疗,隔离单独饲养制定合理的日粮结构等措施,同时直肠脱进行腹部减压及肛门消毒护理,肠梗阻胃管灌入泻剂等特殊护理,在短时间内使大熊猫恢复了健康,取得了满意的效果。     

非手术疗法治疗幼犬脐疝

幼犬脐疝是临床上常见的病症之一,大多通过手术治疗。笔者经多年临床实践,采用非手术疗法,治疗未发生粘连的各种大小脐疝,效果较好,现将本办法做以介绍,供大家参考。     

大熊猫慢性胃肠炎病研究

本文分析了9例大熊猫慢性胃肠炎病及其继发病的发病机理和发病特点，采用中西医结合标本兼治的治疗方法，收到了较好效果。有5只完全恢复了健康，3只有明显疗效。并对患病大熊猎作了血液学检查，与健康大熊猫的肠道菌群、毛发微量元素的测试、分析比较，结果表明：患病大熊猫的电解质水平普遍偏低，血清蛋白较低，白细胞水平大多处于正常范围，在患慢性胃肠炎病大熊猫粪便中未检出肠道病原菌，其双歧杆菌的检出率和数量明显低于健康大熊猫。毛发中Cu、Zn、Mn等元素含量极显著低于健康大熊猫的水平，初步提出了大熊猫慢性胃肠炎病及其继发病的综合预防与治疗措施。     

大熊猫出血性肠炎的研究

１９８６年以来，成都、卧龙等地的大熊猫相继发生一种临床主要表现为便血、体温正常、白细胞总数偏低，病理变化以肠粘膜充血、出血、坏死脱落为主的疾病。其发病突然，病情重，死亡率高。取急性期粪、血及死亡尸体各种标本，采用人胚肺二倍体细胞、猴肾及地鼠肾传代细胞进行病毒分离培养，电镜观察，均未发现可疑病毒；同时进行厌氧、微需氧及需氧细菌培养，通过形态学、生理学、血清学、动物试验及毒力检测，１３例标本中，有９例分离出肠侵袭性大肠杆菌(ＥＩＥＣ．Ｏ１５２）２５株，几乎呈纯培养生长。经药物敏感试验，筛选出一系列敏感抗菌药，选用先锋必为主药治疗２０头病例（轻、中度便血１４例、重度便血６例）全部治愈。用犊牛、鸡等动物作动物模型，复制出类似症状，细菌回收，仍为原菌。通过上述系列研究，证明肠侵袭性大肠杆菌（ＥＩＥＣ．Ｏ１５２）是成都地区大熊猫出血性肠炎的病原。提出临床抢救综合措施，收到良好效果。     

五种低山平坝竹饲喂大熊猫的消化试验

本试验选用3只成年健康大熊猫,采用“色素标记全收粪法”测定了大观音竹、白夹竹、琴丝竹类、小观音竹、苦竹等5种低山平坝竹的干物质(DM)消化率。测定结果依次为30.5％、25.4％、16.5％、11.2％和10.8％。回归分析结果显示,竹子DM消化率与竹茎含量呈显著负相关。苦竹适口性较好,其采食量为另外4种竹的1.5～2.4倍。     

RADIOGRAPHIC DIAGNOSIS OF MECHANICAL OBSTRUCTION IN DOGS BASED ON RELATIVE SMALL INTESTINAL EXTERNAL DIAMETERS

Mechanical obstruction is a frequent cause of acute vomiting in dogs requiring prompt diagnosis to improve patient management and prognosis. The purpose of this retrospective study was to compare small intestinal radiographic characteristics in dogs with versus without mechanical intestinal obstruction. Fifty dogs with gastrointestinal clinical signs and abdominal radiographs were recruited from hospital record archives and assigned to groups (group 1, obstructive, n = 25; group 2, nonobstructive n = 25). Abdominal radiographs were randomized and independently interpreted by three examiners who were unaware of group status. Intestinal dilation was subjectively scored based on distribution (segmental, regional or diffuse), and severity (absent, mild, moderate or severe). Small intestinal maximal diameter (SI_max), L5 vertebral body height, small intestinal minimal diameter (SI_min), and an estimated average of small intestinal diameters (SI_ave) were measured and three ratios were calculated: SI_max/L5, SI_max/SI_min, and SI_max/SI_ave. Segmental dilation was more prevalent in obstructed dogs for all examiners (P ≤ 0.03) and most nonobstructed dogs had no dilation (P ≤ 0.05). All ratios were higher in obstructed dogs (P < 0.002). Subjective dilation scores and ratio measurements had low interobserver agreement (absent to fair, with kappa values between ?0.06 and 0.57) and reproducibility (coefficients of 0.35–0.61). Findings indicated that dogs with SI_max/L5 ≤ 1.4, SI_max/SI_min ≤ 2, and SI_max/SI_ave ≤ 1.3 values are very unlikely to be mechanically obstructed; dogs with SI_max/L5 ≥ 2.4, SI_max/SI_min ≥ 3.4 and SI_max/SI_ave ≥ 1.9 are very likely obstructed, particularly if segmental dilation (less than 25% of the small intestine) is present. Dogs with ratios falling between these thresholds may need further testing unless other signs justify surgical exploration or endoscopy.     

COMPARISON OF RADIOGRAPHY AND ULTRASONOGRAPHY FOR DIAGNOSING SMALL‐INTESTINAL MECHANICAL OBSTRUCTION IN VOMITING DOGS

A cross‐sectional study was performed on acutely vomiting dogs to compare the accuracy of radiography and ultrasonography for the diagnosis of small‐intestinal mechanical obstruction and to describe several radiographic and ultrasonographic signs to identify their contribution to the final diagnosis. The sample population consisted of 82 adult dogs and small‐intestinal obstruction by foreign body was confirmed in 27/82 (33%) dogs by surgery or necropsy. Radiography produced a definitive result (obstructed or not obstructed) in 58/82 (70%) of dogs; ultrasonography produced a definitive result in 80/82 (97%) of dogs. On radiographs, a diagnosis of obstruction was based on detection of segmental small‐intestinal dilatation, plication, or detection of a foreign body. Approximately 30% (8/27) of obstructed dogs did not have radiographic signs of segmental small‐intestinal dilatation, of which 50% (4/8) were due to linear foreign bodies. The ultrasonographic diagnosis of small‐intestinal obstruction was based on detection of an obstructive lesion, sonographic signs of plication or segmental, small‐intestinal dilatation. The ultrasonographic presence or absence of moderate‐to‐severe intestinal diameter enlargement (due to lumen dilatation) of the jejunum (>1.5 cm) was a useful discriminatory finding and, when present, should prompt a thorough search for a cause of small‐intestinal obstruction. In conclusion, both abdominal radiography and abdominal ultrasonography are accurate for diagnosing small‐intestinal obstruction in vomiting dogs and either may be used depending on availability and examiner choice. Abdominal ultrasonography had greater accuracy, fewer equivocal results and provided greater diagnostic confidence compared with radiography.