癸氧喹酯干混悬剂防治人工感染鸡球虫病的效果试验

通过对14日龄岭南黄鸡人工感染柔嫩艾美耳球虫卵囊,测定国家四类新兽药癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的抗球虫作用。研究结果表明,新兽药癸氧喹酯干混悬剂按照推荐剂量0.25g/L(15mg/L)饮水给药对鸡球虫病表现出高效的抗球虫活性,具有良好的预防鸡球虫病效果,达到100%的保护率,抗球虫指数高达202.2。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

癸氧喹酯抗柔嫩艾美耳球虫洛阳分离株的效果试验

以抗球虫指数(Anticoccidial Index,ACI)、料肉比及增重为指标,研究了癸氧喹酯抗鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫洛阳分离株的效果.结果表明,根据54.4 mg/kg、27.2 mg/kg、13.6 mg/kg体重的剂量按饲料比拌料给药,抗球虫指数(ACI)分别达到183.57、145.53和127.80,与感染不给药组相比,料肉比分别降低30.04％、10.60％和3.18％,高剂量组增重与不感染对照组没有显著差异.癸氧喹酯以54.4 mg/kg体重的浓度拌料可以预防洛阳地区鸡球虫病感染,试验结果为临床上有效利用癸氧喹酯控制鸡球虫病提供了重要依据.     

柔嫩艾美耳球虫癸氧喹酯耐药株的诱导研究

采用药物浓度递增法,在实验室条件下进行柔嫩艾美耳球虫耐药虫株的诱导。以5.4 mg/kg癸氧喹酯为起始诱导浓度连续传代,以病变记分减少率(RLS)、最适抗球虫指数(POAA)和抗球虫指数(ACI)3项指标综合判定耐药性,经9次传代,成功地诱导出对54 mg/kg癸氧喹酯具有完全抵抗力的耐药虫株,为进一步的球虫耐药的分子机理研究提供材料。     

包膜丁酸钠与癸氧喹酯联合应用抗鸡球虫作用研究

为研究包膜丁酸钠和癸氧喹酯联合用药抗鸡球虫的疗效。以柔嫩艾美耳球虫(E.tenella)口服接种建立雏鸡球虫感染模型,分为空白组,感染对照组,包膜丁酸钠(CSB,750 mg/kg)组,癸氧喹酯(DQ,40 mg/kg)组和联合用药组。在接种前1 d至接种后6 d拌料投喂CSB、DQ单用或联合用药,通过临床症状、粪便卵囊计数、盲肠病变记分以及盲肠组织病理观察来评价药物的抗球虫作用。结果表明:感染对照组和CSB处理组在感染后第5~6天均出现了大量血便,但CSB组推迟并减少了卵囊排出,DQ单用以及与CSB联合用药都明显推迟并减少了血便,盲肠病变记分也相应减轻,且联合用药组未见卵囊排出。盲肠组织HE染色结果与临床症状一致,联合用药组防治效果最佳。这表明单用CSB虽不能预防球虫病的发生,但与DQ合用时有一定的增效作用。     

抗球虫药癸氧喹酯的合成

癸氧喹酯（Decoquinate）为抗球虫新药，国外主要以对硝基愈创木醚钾或对硝基儿茶酚钠等为原料制得。本文采用国内已工业化生产的邻羟基苯乙醚为原料，通过硝化、还原及高温缩合等反应顺利制得该产品。     

癸氧喹酯预混剂

癸氧喹酯在球虫生活史的早期开始发挥作用,且持续作用时间最长。抗球虫谱广。对危害最大的6种禽球虫都有良好的效果。通过添加非离子表面活性剂、元明粉将癸氧喹酯制成干混悬剂,解决了癸氧喹酯因不能饮水给药的使用限制问题,大大提高了癸氧喹酯药物的临床应用范围。有广泛的的应用前景。     

新型抗球虫药——癸氧喹酯的研究与应用

挑选健康且体况相近的180只14日龄黄羽肉鸡180只随机分组,在人工感染E.tenella条件下,评估癸氧喹酯、马杜米星铵、尼卡巴嗪乙氧酰胺苯甲酯及甲基盐霉素的抗球虫效果,并对4种抗球虫药物进行比较,以抗球虫指数（ACI）作为药物治疗效果的综合评定指标。结果显示,各药物组的ACI分别为癸氧喹酯194.53,马杜米星铵190.15,尼卡巴嗪乙氧酰胺苯甲酯189.87,甲基盐霉素165.42,未用药的感染对照组的ACI为112.23。癸氧喹酯和马杜米星铵的抗球虫效果最好,抗球虫指数超过190。     

抗球虫新药——癸氧喹酯

<正> 中国农业大学动物医学院索勋等研究人员用雅莱大药厂推出的抗球虫新药一癸氧喹酯(6%预混剂)40毫克/千克、30毫克/千克、20毫克/千克饲料混饲经柔嫩艾美耳球虫蒙顿     

Tracing the emergence of drug-resistance in coccidia (Eimeria spp.) of commercial broiler flocks medicated with decoquinate for the first time in the United Kingdom

Decoquinate is a quinolone coccidiostat introduced during 1967 as an in-feed prophylactic for broiler chickens. Despite early drug-resistance problems and its age, the drug is still used commercially worldwide. Decoquinate here serves as a valuable model in a field study that addresses the dynamics and economic impact of the development of coccidial resistance to potent synthetic anticoccidial drugs. The results of this unique, hitherto unpublished, study on the initial emergence of resistance of avian coccidia (Eimeria spp.) to a new drug in the field may be of strategic value in the continued use of decoquinate or the introduction of new drugs. The commercial performance of the first 3-5 crops of broilers to be medicated with decoquinate on each of six farms was monitored during 14 months in 1968-1969, supplemented by assessments of the species, population dynamics and decoquinate-resistance of coccidia isolated from each farm. During the rearing of each flock in a single shed on each farm, oocysts were counted in fresh faecal samples collected on three occasions, and the species were identified by their morphology if possible, supported if necessary by the biological characteristics of infections in chickens. E. acervulina was the most common species, followed by E. mitis, E. maxima, E. tenella and E. praecox. E. brunetti occurred rarely, and E. necatrix was not found. Decoquinate-resistance was evident in several species during the rearing of the first decoquinate-medicated crop on each farm, although clinical coccidiosis did not occur. It was concluded that inherently resistant mutants of E. acervulina, E. brunetti, E. maxima, E. tenella, and probably also E. mitis and E. praecox, were selected from field populations by 6 weeks during their first exposure to decoquinate. During up to four more subsequent crops, cycling of resistant parasites stimulated host immunity, which had no obvious adverse impact on commercial performance. There was no apparent seasonal effect. A hypothesis is proposed to explain the sudden and rapid emergence of quinolone-resistance in the coccidia, and why bird health was not thereby compromised in these circumstances.     

海南不同地区香蕉假茎象甲对几种杀虫剂的敏感性测定

采用虫体浸渍法,测定了海南澄迈和儋州两地的香蕉假茎象甲成虫对480克/升毒死蜱EC、77.5%敌敌畏EC、40%辛硫磷EC、40%丙溴磷EC、25%丙溴?辛硫磷EC、20%三唑磷EC等6种杀虫剂对的敏感性。结果表明,6种药剂对澄迈和儋州两地区的香蕉假茎象甲的毒力大小顺序相同,毒死蜱＞丙溴?辛硫磷＞丙溴磷＞三唑磷＞敌敌畏＞辛硫磷;儋州地区的香蕉假茎象甲对6种药剂的敏感性均高于澄迈地区。     

Antimicrobial activity of enrofloxacin against Staphylococcus intermedius strains isolated from canine pyodermas

This study examined and compared the minimal inhibition concentrations (MICs) of enrofloxacin against 393 Staphylococcus intermedius strains isolated in France from canine pyodermas during three different years, 1995 (174 isolates), 1997 (101 isolates) and 1999 (118 isolates). The MICs of enrofloxacin against these strains ranged from 0.063 to 64 mg L^?1, with MIC₅₀ and MIC₉₀ equal to 0.125 and 0.25 mg L^?1, respectively. Two resistant strains were found, but only among isolates collected in 1999. The data show that resistance to enrofloxacin among S. intermedius strains is still rare in dogs, but the selection in vitro of variants in which the MICs were increased 4–16‐fold after 10 serial passages in subinhibitory concentrations of enrofloxacin suggests that inappropriate use might favour the development of resistant strains in vivo.     

蛙温和气单胞菌分离株的药敏试验

从漳州3个牛蛙养殖场分离出18株蛙温和气单胞菌菌株,分别进行了18种抗生素敏感性试验。结果显示,庆大霉素、氟苯尼考为相对高效药物;中效药物从高到低依次为阿米卡星、蒽诺沙星、新霉素、氧氟沙星、环丙沙星、诺氟沙星;低效药物有红霉素、强力霉素、多粘菌素;无效药物有复方新诺明、四环素、阿莫西林、氨卞西林、头孢噻吩、杆菌肽、链霉素。     

利用菌落多重PCR方法进行不同动物来源多杀性巴氏杆菌鉴定的研究

参照文献报道的多杀性巴氏杆菌种和荚膜型的特异基因合成6对特异引物,建立多杀性巴氏杆菌鉴定的菌落多重PCR方法,结果5株多杀性巴氏杆菌荚膜型参考菌株均扩增出了相应的预期片段,而支气管败血波氏杆菌、胸膜肺炎放线杆菌、大肠埃希菌的扩增均为阴性。利用此多重PCR方法对48株不同动物来源的多杀性巴氏杆菌进行了鉴定和荚膜型分型,同时与间接血凝试验以及Biolog细菌快速鉴定系统进行比对,结果表明,所建立的多重PCR方法与间接血凝试验、Biolog细菌快速鉴定系统的符合率均达到100%。     

Phylogenetic analysis of three orf virus strains isolated from different districts in Shandong Province,East China

Orf virus (ORFV) is the causative agent of contagious ecthyma, which is a zoonoticdisease that affects sheep, goats, wild small ruminants and humans. Shandong Province inEast China is one of the main producing areas in China for sheep and goats. Here, weconducted epidemiological surveys in different areas in this Province, isolated three orfvirus strains, SDLC, SDTA and SDJN, from goat flocks and then analyzed the geneticevolution of these strains. The ORFV011, ORFV059,ORFV109, ORFV110 and ORFV127 genes of thesethree strains were amplified, sequenced and analyzed. Phylogenetic analysis showed thatORFV011 of the SDLC and SDTA strains cluster together with the Gansu,Liaoning, Shanxi, Nantou, Hoping and FJ-YX strains, while SDJN clusters with the FJ-GS andFJ-GO strains. ORFV059 of the SDLC and SDTA strains cluster together withthe FJ-YX strain, while SDJN clusters with the FJ-GS and FJ-GO strains.ORFV059 and ORFV127 of these three strains weresimilar to those of the OV-SA00 strain. The results suggested that SDLC, SDTA and SDJNoriginated from Fujian Province and formed a complex group of viruses in ShandongProvince. As the role of ORFV127 gene responsible for the immune evasionof ORFV, the pathogenesis of these three virus strains may similar to that of OV-SA00.These three strains first isolated in Shandong Province are novel ORFV strains, and thedata reported here will be helpful for further research about ORFV and its comprehensiveprevention and control.     

青蒿琥酯对大肠杆菌临床分离株抗生素敏感性的影响研究

探讨青蒿琥酯(Artesunate,ARS)的体外抗菌活性及其与临床常用抗生素联合对临床耐药大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli,E.coli)的作用效果。采用微量肉汤稀释法测定ARS与7种抗生素分别对6株临床分离E.coli的敏感性;采用棋盘稀释法测定ARS分别与7种抗生素联合对耐药E.coli的分级抑菌浓度(fractional inhibitory concentration,FIC),判定联合抑菌效应;采用平皿打孔法测定ARS预处理对抗生素抑菌圈直径的影响。结果显示,单独使用ARS无明显抑菌作用,但当ARS≥512μg/m L时,与抗生素联用可显著降低抗生素MIC值,其中除链霉素FIC指数为0.6,表现为相加作用外,其余抗菌药FIC指数均小于0.5,表现为协同效应。使用512μg/m L和1024μg/m L ARS前处理耐药E.coli仅增加链霉素和黏菌素的抑菌圈直径。结果表明,ARS本身不具有抑菌活性,但与受测试抗生素同时使用可显著增加抗生素对耐药E.coli的抗菌效果,而ARS预处理对受测试抗生素的增敏效果有限。     

Evaluation of different cell cultures for the detection of heat‐labile enterotoxins of Escherichia coli strains isolated from pigs

The sensitivity of various cell cultures to heat‐labile enterotoxins (LT) and Verocytotoxin (VT) of fifteen E. coli strains isolated from cases of pig colibacillosis in Poland was estimated and compared with the effect of enterotoxins of four standard E. coli strains. Often tested cell cultures, only the following were susceptible: CHO, Vero, GMK, and HeLa.

Eight strains showed CTE in HeLa and CHO cells and five of these reacted in Vero cells. The results appear to suggest that some of the tested E. coli strains isolated from pigs produced VT enterotoxin. Morphological changes caused by the above mentioned E. coli toxins in Vero and GMK cells took the form of cell rounding, followed by cell dissolution.     

Comparison of the antibacterial activity of honey from different provenance against bacteria usually isolated from skin wounds

The antibacterial activity of honey samples provided by apiarists and honey packers was tested against microorganisms usually isolated from skin wounds. The antibacterial activity was tested using the well-agar diffusion assay. The honey samples were tested without dilution, and at 75, 50, 30, and 10% (w/v) dilution. Most of the undiluted honey samples inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Some honey samples provided by apiarists also inhibited the growth of S. aureus even at 50% dilution. Undiluted honey samples also inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus uberis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae, although to a lesser extent. No inhibition of Micrococcus luteus and Enterococcus faecalis growth was detected. The diameters of the inhibition zones generated by honey samples provided by apiarists were larger than those generated by honey samples provided by honey packers. This observation may be explained by considering the provenance of the honey samples.