我国水族馆发展浅析

水族馆是以科普教育、科学研究、自然保护、娱乐休闲为目的,饲养和展示水生生物的生态系统,也是野生水生动物移地保护的设施。 水族馆的发展始于１７世纪后叶,迄今已有２００多年的历史。１７８９年,法国建立了世界上第一个水族馆;英国于１８５３年在动物园内建立了海产动物馆;日本于１８９０年开始建立了和田岬水族馆;美国于１８８８年和１８９６年分别建成了淡水水族馆和海水水族馆。之后,其它各国也相继建立了水族馆。但当时的水族馆规模较小,设备简陋,展示形式也较单调。国外大中型水族馆的快速发展是从２０世纪８０年代后期…     

第四届世界水族馆会议

为期五日的第四届世界水族馆会议于1996年6月23日至27日,在日本东京国际展览中心举行。东道馆为东京海洋生物公园,会议由东京都府和本届会议执委主办,不采用会员制而向一切有兴趣的人士收费开放。来自28个地区和国家的各阶层代表共413名,其中香港7名,台湾4名,而大陆的北京、广州、上     

第四十届国际捕鲸大会侧记

第40届国际捕鲸大会于1988年5月30日至6月3日在新西兰奥克兰市举行，29个成员国近200名代表出席了大会，9个成员因故缺席，由联合国环境计划署、开发计划署、绿色和平组织、野生动物基金会等54个国际组织列席了会议。我国农业部渔政局局长卓友瞻一行3人出席了这次会议。大会由斯图沃特主席主持，就许多问题展开了热烈的讨论，要点归纳如下：     

水族馆常见观赏鳗类及养殖

鳗类是对硬骨鱼纲,鳗鲡目鱼类的统称,共分2 3科,700多种,他们以体形怪异,体色美丽鲜艳,在水族馆的鱼类展示中占据举足轻重的地位.部分鳗类的体形、体色在同种的不同发育阶段,或是同种的不同个体间表现不同,给参观者带来很多不便;同时他们生活习性特殊,给室内人工养殖也带来一定困难,笔者通过在北京海洋馆中几年的饲养研究,在一般观赏鳗类的分类及饲养上取得一些经验,总结如下,供参考.     

第一届国际海岸带生物学大会在烟台召开

9月27日,第一届国际海岸带生物学大会（1stInternationalCoastalBiologyCongress,ICBC2014）在山东烟台隆重召开。来自20个国家和地区的50位外宾以及250余位国内嘉宾应邀出席。山东省海洋与渔业厅副厅长姜清春到会祝贺并讲话。     

2009第四届上海国际休闲水族展览会将于10月召开

赏鱼是全球最受欢迎宠物之一。近年来,随着人们生活水平的丑益提高,人们越来越多地寻找有益于健康与宁静的休闲嗜好,养殖观赏鱼、拥有水族箱和垂钓已逐渐成为我国新时期富裕起来的家庭消费新时尚,水族业也成为我国创汇渔业的一个新的增长点,休闲、观赏渔业的兴起,也推动了渔具、饲料、鱼药、水族器材等配套产业的发展。     

2021第四届中国(国际)小龙虾产业大会在湖北潜江举行

本刊讯(李颖 报道)3月19日, 2021第四届中国(国际)小龙虾产业大会在湖北省潜江市举办.本届大会由农业农村部渔业渔政管理局、全国水产技术推广总站、中国水产学会共同指导,中国水产流通与加工协会、湖北省潜江市人民政府联合主办,湖北省农业农村厅、湖北省农业事业发展中心、国家虾蟹产业技术体系、武汉大学质量发展战略研究院支...     

第四届全球水产养殖大会在上海召开

正本刊讯9月22日～24日,由中国农业农村部、联合国粮农组织和亚太区域水产养殖中心网共同主办的第四届全球水产养殖大会在上海市召开,农业农村部部长唐仁健作视频致辞。唐仁健表示,水产品是人类食物蛋白质的第三大来源,是保障世界粮食安全的重要内容。中国政府高度重视水产养殖,采取务实有效举措推动高质量发展,     

第四届亚洲渔业学术大会在北京举行

由亚洲水产学会主办,中国水产学会和中国科协新技术开发中心承办的第四届亚洲渔业学术大会,于1995年10月16日至20日在北京举行。55个国家和地区的1000多位从事渔业工作的专家学者和我国的280多位代表出席了会议。农业部渔业局局长卓友瞻主持大会开幕式,     

第21届国际生化大会聚焦4大热门领域

第十届全国水产青年学术年会最近在上海海洋大学举行。来自全国各地280余名青年水产学者参加了会议。大会邀请3位中青年水产科学家作了主题报告。美国缅因大学海洋科学学院陈勇教授作了《渔业资源管理研究的必要途径——跨学科／多学科交叉研究》报告,渔业资源管理研究不仅是生态科学问题,而且与社会、人文、风俗有关系,需要自然科学与社会科学跨学科交叉研究。美国缅因大学开设海洋科学（海洋学、水产养殖方向）和海洋政策双硕士学位,为政府、产业界培养复合型人才。上海海洋大学吕利群教授作了《草鱼呼肠孤病毒的生物学研究进展及抗病毒新对策》的报告,从草鱼出血病呼肠孤病毒基因及功能,病毒与宿主相互关系,病毒的基因与编码蛋白,病毒的进入、扩增、释放等方面,介绍了人工合成新的抗病毒药物——干扰素诱导剂。     

臭氧在水族馆水处理中的应用

在集约化滋润养殖和水族馆闭路水循环的水处理中,利用臭氧具有高效、快速的氧化能力,使有机物降解,有毒物质分解,微生物得到控制,从而取得水质净化的功效。本文根据国内外的研究成果,系统地阐述了用臭氧进行水处理的优点,对水质改善２的作用机理,臭氧的制作工艺,以及臭氧在赤潮水解毒、防治鱼病、贝类净化等方面的用途。     

我国水族科学与技术专业发展现状

目前水族产业发展日益得到世人关注,整体产业规模在140亿美金以上,且每年正以10％的速度发展,但我国水族方面科技人才相当缺乏,制约了水族产业的发展,为解决制约水族产业发展的问题,2003年上海海洋大学设立了水族科学与技术学科试点专业方向,随后又有4所农业院校开设该专业,通过比较各学校水族科学与技术专业教学情况,发现我国水族科学与技术专业存在师资力量缺乏、教材与课程体系不够完善、实习基地缺乏等问题,严重限制我国水族科学与技术专业教育的发展。     

从第五次世界渔业大会报告看水产生物技术的发展方向

作者介绍了2008年在日本横滨召开的第五次世界渔业大会上的学术报告情况.着重分析生物技术领域各专业的口头报告的数量、内容,并综述了各专业主旨报告及大会主旨报告中生物技术报告等所涉及的新技术和新的学术思想.最后,作者根据自己的体会论述了水产生物技术的主要发展趋势,推荐了不久将用于水产养殖业并可能起到对产业技术发展有较大推进作用的几项技术.     

The Behavioural Response of Coral Reef Fish Following Introduction to a Novel Aquarium Environment.

Following the construction of a large-scale public aquarium, we were presented with an opportunity to investigate how wild caught Caribbean reef fish respond to their first encounter with a novel environment. Within the constraints of this opportunity, we designed a behavioural study to determine the reef fishes' response to a new habitat in relation to their locomotory mode. Nine species of fish representing three locomotory modes: carangiform, sub-carangiform and labriform/sub-carangiform were observed over a four-week period following their first introduction to the aquarium. Fish activity levels and spatial distribution were quantified in relation to time since their first encounter with the novel environment. The most important result was that, regardless of locomotory mode or ecology, all of the species extensively explored the novel environment rather than settle on the first habitat that they encountered. This is a particularly interesting result for territorial species. More specifically, however, there were significant differences between species in activity through time. Carangiform activity level was lowest in the initial phases of an encounter with the novel environment subsequently rising to a stable level. The other species had variable activity throughout the study, but all of them exhibited a phase of low activity at some stage during the study. In terms of the fishes' use of the 2.5 million litres of water, six species utilised the whole of the aquarium based on a predefined zoning scheme. Although the initial activity level was low, carangiform swimmers used at least 90% of the zones in the early phases of an encounter with the novel environment and subsequently used all of the zones. Sub-carangiform species also used 100% of the zones by the end of the study. Three of the four labriform/sub-carangiform swimmers used a maximum of 90% of the zones. There was no significant difference between species in their use of the zones. However, each individual zone was subject to differential use by the fish. Owing to the extensive scale of the aquarium, we discuss the applicability of the behavioural results obtained to the natural environment in the context of the ecology of the species of fish studied. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

西欧水产养殖业的一些见闻

1997－1999年在荷兰Wageningen农业大学攻读水产养殖专业学位期间，有机会系统了解西欧的水产养殖业，受自然资源，传统的饮食习惯，环境，科技水平以及经济和社会环境等诸多因素的影响，西欧的水产养殖业有其独特之处。     

食品安全评价及其方法简述

食品安全评价指标体系和评价方法是食品安全综合评价的重要内容。本文综述了食品安全综合评价的各种方法,为食品安全综合评价提供了参考。     

Territorial Use Rights in Fisheries to Manage Areas for Farming Coral Reef Fish and Invertebrates for the Aquarium Trade

Reef fish, corals, and other marine invertebrate species associated with coral reefs need to be managed in a sustainable manner to halt destructive fishing in the Philippines and other Southeast Asian countries. As part of the Coastal Communities Empowerment Project, the International Marinelife Alliance (IMA) plans to implement Territorial Use Rights in Fisheries (TURFs) to help manage municipal waters; while creating alternative livelihoods for small-scale fishermen and their families. Changes to the Local Government Code allow Philippine municipal councils to regulate fishing and mariculture in waters within 15km from shore. The councils can lease TURFs to local fisherfolk and prevent their use by those outside the community. The IMA plans to help create several types of TURFs. These include TURFs used by aquarium-fish collectors, for rearing giant clams, and for farming live rock and coral fragments. The TURFs are part of a larger strategy to conserve marine biodiversity, protect and restore marine habitats, and promote sustainable use of marine resources by local people. Fish and invertebrates harvested from the TURFs will be used in programs to restore marine habitats and to generate income from exports that supply the aquarium trade.     

Long-term changes in the assemblage of demersal fishes and invertebrates in relation to environmental variations in Tokyo Bay, Japan

Abstract Long-term changes in the demersal assemblage, including both fishes and invertebrates, in Tokyo Bay, Japan, were examined between 1977 and 1995. A total of 255 species were collected, of which 113 were regarded as representative in terms of occurrence. Multivariate analyses of the representative species showed that fluctuations in the catch were related to three periods that reflected changes in relative abundance and species composition. In particular, mantis shrimp, Oratosquilla oratoria (de Haan), whipfin dragonet, Repomucenus valenciennei (Temminck & Schlegel), and marbled sole, Pleuronectes yokohamae Günther, showed high dominance in the mid-1980s. Discriminant analysis suggested that the demersal assemblage changed synchronously with environmental conditions. Causes of the temporal changes in the demersal assemblage in relation to variations in environmental factors are discussed.     

Changes in reproductive patterns in relation to decline in stock abundance of the Japanese mantis shrimp Oratosquilla oratoria in Tokyo Bay

ABSTRACT:   We investigated changes in the reproductive patterns of mantis shrimp Oratosquilla oratoria concurrent with stock-abundance decline in Tokyo Bay, Japan. Stock abundance was high in the mid to late 1980s but decreased abruptly in the early 1990s. The yearly change in annual mean larval abundance was similar to that of stock abundance. Mantis shrimp in the bay have two spawning seasons, an early season (May–June) for ≥1-year-old individuals and a late season (July–September) for 0–1-year-old individuals. This general reproductive pattern does not differ among different stock-abundance levels. However, the monthly pattern in larval abundance has changed with stock-abundance decline; larval abundance from the early spawning season was highest in the high-stock-abundance period, and it decreased significantly in the low-stock-abundance period, probably as a result of decreased spawning-stock abundance of large female mantis shrimp ≥1-year-old. Correlation analysis on the egg production index and larval abundance suggested that during this low-stock-abundance period the population is supported mostly by late-hatched larvae spawned by small, 0–1-year-old female mantis shrimp. Considering the reproductive pattern and the present status of the fishery, the stock of small female mantis shrimp should be conserved to enhance reproduction of the population for stock recovery.