预报机床切削颤振的新方法

提出利用机床主轴前后两转切削振动轨迹的相位差ψ来预报切削颤振的新方法，并且提出了利用等工件转角间隔采样，通过计算工件前后两转切削振动信号的互功率谱密度函数，精确确定相位差ψ的算法。理论分析和试验结果表明本文提出的颤振预报方法准确可靠，可望在实际中推广应用。     

基于稳定切削点在线识别的切削颤振自动控制方法

通过试验研究了切削颤振自动控制的稳定切削点在线识别方法。结果表明,连续改变机床主轴转速时振动响应的最低点即为不发生颤振的稳定切削点。不同刀具几何形状下,发削点也可以由这种方法来准确识别。稳定切削点识别出以后,迅速调整主轴转速,以稳定切削点所对应的主轴转速进行切削,切削颤振就会得到有效控制。极限切深试验表明,以稳定切削点所对应的主轴转速进行切削可以提高机床的切削效率。     

7075铝合金超声振动铣削仿真研究

为了探究超声振动铣削7075铝合金过程中振幅、频率以及主轴转速对切削力和切削温度的影响规律,利用Advant Edge软件进行仿真分析,通过田口法和单因素控制法对铣削过程进行了探究。结果表明:增大振幅和频率,降低主轴转速有利于减小切削力;随着振幅的增加,切削力先减小后增大,切削温度逐渐增大;随着频率的增加,切削力逐渐减小,切削温度逐渐升高;随着主轴转速的增加,切削力先增大后减小再增大,切削温度呈上升趋势。     

浅谈提高机床稳定性的措施

切削过程中切屑生成的周期性、断续切削产生的交变切削力，空运转时已存在的周期性激振力，即切削加工时改变转速，而频率不变由交变切削力而引起的受迫振动；机床空运转时，低速运动件的爬行，滑动轴承的油膜振荡，皮带横向自振，切削过程中再生效     

T2120深孔钻镗床主轴动态特性仿真与试验

运用有限元分析方法对T2120深孔钻镗床主轴进行模态分析,分析得到该机床主轴的前六阶固有频率和振型,计算出临界转速,验证了该主轴工作转速的合理性。并通过与该主轴激振试验中固有频率的对比,证明有限元分析法的合理性。模态分析和激振试验都得出该主轴设计的合理性,也得出ANSYS软件对T2120深孔钻镗床主轴进行有限元分析的可行性,为该主轴进一步动态分析提供依据。     

镗缸孔数控机床主轴部件静动态性能分析

为改善镗缸孔数控机床主轴的静动态特性,提高机床的加工精度。基于赫兹理论研究预紧参数对轴承刚度的影响,并计算出主轴轴承的径向刚度。对主轴部件进行适当简化,运用ANSYS软件建立其有限元模型。进行静力学分析计算出主轴静刚度并校核主轴强度;通过模态分析得出主轴部件的固有频率和模态振型;通过谐响应分析确定主轴的不同部位在特定激振力下位移随频率的响应。分析结果表明:主轴的静刚度为579N/μm,最大应力为22MPa,二者均满足设计要求;主轴的第1、2阶固有频率为801.79Hz,其临界转速为48 107r/min远高于主轴的工作转速,有效地避开共振区域;特定激振力下的谐响应峰值出现在3、4阶固有频率892.08Hz处,而主轴前端在工作频率300Hz处的振动位移仅为0.32μm,不会对主轴造成影响。     

基于遗传算法的数控铣齿机床的切削参数优化

针对铣齿机床在加工中生产效率低下、生产成本高的问题,建立了数控铣齿机床的优化数学模型,以最大生产效率为优化目标,以主轴转速、进给速度、铣齿宽度、背吃刀量等工艺参数作为优化变量,提出了采用遗传算法对数控铣齿机床的切削参数进行优化设计的方法,解决了数控铣床加工工艺中的一些问题,为企业带来了经济效益.     

普通铣床零件加工表面粗糙度的影响因素研究

采用正交试验法研究普通铣床切削条件下进给速度、主轴转速和切削深度对表面粗糙度的影响。结果表明:随着切削深度的增加,表面粗糙度值越来越大;随着主轴转速和进给速度的增加,表面粗糙度值先减小后变大,总体呈增大趋势。切削深度对表面粗糙度的影响效果最大,其次是主轴转速,再次是进给速度。     

水轮发电机组主轴系统的水流激励特性

以混流式水轮发电机组主轴系统为研究对象,应用有限单元法建立包含电磁参数、结构参数和水力参数的混流式水轮发电机组主轴系统全局耦合动力学模型.在此动力学模型基础上,针对水轮发电机组主轴系统转轮处存在横振和扭振的情形,推导通过转轮叶片这一中间传递元件作用在混流式水轮发电机组主轴系统上的水流激励,揭示混流式水轮发电机组主轴系统的振动特性与水流激励之间的内在关系.结果表明：水流激励通过转轮叶片这一中间传递元件作用在主轴系统上,是造成水轮机主轴系统激烈振动的主要原因之一;水流激励不仅与转轮内复杂压力脉动及主轴系统的结构参数有关,而且还与主轴系统的振动特性有关;水流激励和主轴系统的振动相互作用、相互影响,从而使混流式水轮发电机组主轴系统产生流固耦合振动现象.最后通过实例讨论水流激励对混流式水轮发电机组主轴系统动态特性的影响.     

磨削螺旋纹产生的原因分析

外圆磨床磨削工件表面产生螺旋纹是外圆磨削常见的缺陷之一。我们在长期的生产、维修实践中体会到产生螺旋纹的原因,除了一般资料上介绍的以外,还有一个比较重要的原因是机床的几何精度超差。另外机床的强迫震动,油泵、电机的自激震动,头尾架或主轴工艺系统刚性差等也会使工件磨削时表面产生螺旋纹。1振动产生螺旋纹强迫振动是由机床外部的振源或机床其它部分的振动而引起的,因此它的振动频率与外界干扰力的频率有关。也可能是由主轴组件本身不平衡所造成的,如主轴上的零件包括主轴传动件和安装的砂轮等的不平衡所产生的离心力;传动件运动不…     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。