PCR法检测水中金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素A基因

[目的]建立一种快速准确检测水中金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素A的方法。[方法]将金黄色葡萄球菌模拟污染的水增菌后提取菌体DNA,以沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌DNA和空白作对照,用PCR法扩增金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素A基因。[结果]金黄色葡萄球菌DNA的检测结果呈阳性,检测底限达100 cfu/L,而大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌及空白对照均未出现特异性片段,整个检测过程只需要24 h。[结论]试验建立的PCR方法可检测水及类似食品中的金黄色葡萄球菌SEA基因,并具有特异性强、灵敏度高、速度快和易操作的特点。     

RT-PCR检测金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素A基因

金黄色葡萄球菌是引起细菌性食物中毒的重要病源菌之一,尤其是肠毒素。国内外由金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素引发的食物中毒屡屡发生。目前,国内检测食品中金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素仍采用传统的方法,其操作繁琐、检测时间较长,通常需要3~5 d才能完成,且灵敏度较低。本研究缩短食品中金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素的检测时间,针对PCR检测的灵敏性、特异性,建立了检测金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素的方法,为检测食品中金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素提供了技术支持。分别采用TRIZol法和热酚法提取金黄色葡萄球菌总RNA并进行比较研究,在此基础上反转录获得cDNA,用特异引物对sea基因进行扩增,并优化PCR反应条件,获得理想的sea基因阳性扩增条带。结果表明,热酚法在总RNA提取方面优于TRIZol法,改进PCR反应时间和循环次数,最终初步建立RT-PCR检测金黄色葡萄球菌A基因的方法。     

Staphylococcal enterotoxin A is encoded by phage

The gene for staphylococcal enterotoxin A (entA), in two wild-type strains, is carried by related temperate bacteriophages. Hybridization analysis of DNA from entA-converting phage PS42-D and its bacterial host suggests that this phage integrates into the bacterial chromosome by circularization and reciprocal crossover (the Campbell model) and that the entA gene is located near the phage attachment site. DNA from three of eight staphylococcal strains that did not produce enterotoxin A and seven wild-type enterotoxin A-producing (EntA+) strains had extensive homology to the entA-converting phage PS42-D DNA, although there was a high degree of restriction-fragment length polymorphisms. At least one EntA+ strain did not produce detectable viable phage after induction. These data indicate that a polymorphic family of Staphylococcus aureus phages (some of which may be defective) can carry the entA gene.     

快速检测食品中金黄色葡萄球菌及其肠毒素型的研究进展

综述了食品中金黄色葡萄球菌各种快速检测方法,包括Petrifilm RSA检测法、Baird-Parker+RPF Agar检测法、胶体金免疫层析方法及聚合酶链反应(PCR),其中聚合酶链反应大多是用来检测金黄色葡萄球菌的肠毒素型。     

亚洲猫β-干扰素基因的克隆与分析

[目的]为猫干扰素类生物制品的研究奠定基础。[方法]根据NCBI上的猫IFN-β基因序列,设计1对特异引物。以从病死猫肝脏组织中提取的基因组DNA为模板,进行PCR扩增。将扩增产物回收后,与pUCm-T载体连接,并转化到大肠杆菌DH5α感受态细胞。通过PCR和双酶切对获得的质粒DNA进行鉴定后,进行序列分析和核苷酸、氨基酸序列同源性的比较。[结果]经PCR扩增,可获得一条561 bp的特异性条带。猫IFN-β基因已成功重组到载体中,获得阳性克隆。序列分析结果表明,亚洲猫IFN-β基因长561 bp,编码186个氨基酸,与已报道的猫IFN-β基因同源性达99.82%,而氨基酸序列未改变。[结论]该研究成功克隆了猫IFN-β基因,为进一步利用基因工程技术生产重组猫IFN-β基因及其生物学功能的研究奠定了基础。     

Class II MHC molecules are specific receptors for staphylococcus enterotoxin A

T cell proliferation in response to stimulation with Staphylococcus enterotoxin A (SEA) requires accessory cells that express class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. Murine fibroblasts transfected with genes encoding the alpha and beta subunits of HLA-DR, DQ, or DP were used to show that the proliferative response of purified human T cells to SEA is dependent on class II molecules but is not restricted by the haplotype of the responder. Binding of fluoresceinated SEA to class II transfectants and precipitation of class II heterodimers with SEA-Sepharose show that the proliferative response is a result of SEA binding to class II molecules. The binding is specific for class II molecules and is independent of class II allotype or isotype. The ability of SEA to bind class II molecules may be a general characteristic of this class of antigens, now called "superantigens".     

奶牛乳房炎源性金黄色葡萄球菌分离株N_2的耐药性分析及其基因特征

以乳房炎源性金黄色葡萄球菌分离株N2为研究对象,采用纸片扩散法分析了耐药性,应用刚果红法检测了生物被膜形成能力,利用PCR法扩增了8种生物被膜形成基因和9种肠毒素基因。结果表明,金黄色葡萄球菌分离株N2具有广泛的耐药性,仅对苯唑西林高度敏感,具有较强的生物被膜形成能力,携带除bap外所有的被测生物被膜相关基因和sea、sec、seg、sei 4种肠毒素基因。结果表示金黄色葡萄球菌分离株N2可能存在多种侵袭方式,在临床上难以防治,为进一步以该菌株为研究材料进行相关研究奠定了基础。     

食源性金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素基因的分布与时序性表达

【目的】研究食源性金黄色葡萄球菌各血清型肠毒素基因的分布,并进一步分析其时序性表达规律。【方法】针对51株各类食品中分离的金黄色葡萄球菌菌株,应用PCR技术对11种葡萄球菌肠毒素进行基因分型;提取细菌总RNA,以ftsZ和ropB作为内标基因,使用反转录荧光定量PCR研究各肠毒素基因在细菌生长周期中的表达水平变化。【结果】除see、ses和set外,其余8种肠毒素基因在51株食源性金黄色葡萄球菌菌株中均有检出,且sei和seg的检出率最高（27.45%）。各肠毒素基因在mRNA水平的时序性表达规律基本一致,均在对数后期达到峰值,随后快速下降。以内标基因为参照,同一菌株中不同肠毒素基因的相对表达量以及不同菌株中同一肠毒素基因的相对表达量均差异较大。【结论】本文系统研究了肠毒素基因在食源性金黄色葡萄球菌中的分布,并探究了肠毒素基因的时序性表达规律,对金黄色葡萄球菌毒力机制研究与食品质量安全控制具有参考意义。     

Detection and Analysis on Staphylococcal Enterotoxins in Raw Cow Milk from Different Regions of Jinan,China

[Objective] This study was conducted to investigate the pollution caused by staphylococcal enterotoxins (SE) in raw milk and the safety of dairy products in Jinan,and to provide a scientific basis for food safety risk analysis.[Method] A total of 130 raw milk samples were collected from different regions of Jinan,and detected for Staphylococcus aureus by referring to GB 4789.10-2010.Then,enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed to detect whether the S.aureus strains produced enterotoxins,and the enterotoxin type was identified using colloidal gold-based immunochromatographic test strips.[Result] Fiftyseven of the raw milk samples were polluted by S.aureus,so the detection rate of S.aureus was 43.85％;and 11 of the strains produced enterotoxins.Among the 11 enterotoxin-producing strains,seven produced SEB,only one produced SEC,and the SE type of other three strains was not identified.[Conclusion] Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and colloidal gold-based immunochromatographic test strips can be used in combination to rapidly detect staphylococcal enterotoxins and identify enterotoxin type,although there are some limitations.SEB is the main type of staphylococcal enterotoxin causing pollution in milk of Shandong Province.     

金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素基因分布的研究

为了研究g型肠毒素基因(SEg)i、型肠毒素基因(SEi)在金黄色葡萄球菌菌株中的分布状况,本试验以分离自人化脓组织、生牛乳等8种不同来源的371株金黄色葡萄球菌菌株作为研究对象,利用PCR技术对肠毒素基因的分布进行检测。结果表明:267株金黄色葡萄球菌检出含有肠毒素基因,总检出率为71.97%。其中SEg基因的总检出率为67.93%,SEi基因的总检出率为57.68%。各来源间金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素的检出率不同,且同一来源的菌株其SEg和SEi的检出率也不同,表明不同来源以及不同肠毒素的基因型在金黄色葡萄球菌中的分布存在差异。     

狸猫α-干扰素全基因的克隆及生物信息学分析

根据猫α-干扰素基因核苷酸序列,设计并合成了1对引物,PCR扩增狸猫α-干扰素全基因,并克隆、测序。用DNAStar软件及在线分析方法对克隆的IFN-α基因核苷酸及其推导氨基酸序列进行分析,并与人和其他种动物的IFN-α基因进行同源性和进化分析。结果表明,获得了狸猫α-干扰素全基因序列,其大小为631 bp,编码194个氨基酸的多肽,推导氨基酸序列有1个潜在的N-糖基化位点和7个潜在的O-糖基化位点。IFN-α基因存在种属的差异性,亲缘关系越近,同源性越高。狸猫IFN-α基因的成功克隆为进一步研究猫IFN-α基因表达、生物学活性和应用奠定基础。     

Systemic lupus erythematosus: presence in human serum of an unusual acid-labile leukocyte interferon

A previously undescribed species of human leukocyte, or alpha, interferon is present in the serum of many patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. It was shown to be alpha-interferon by neutralization with specific antiserums, affinity column chromatography, and antiviral activity on bovine cells. However, 23 of 30 interferon samples tested were inactivated by incubation at pH 2, a characteristic of human "immune," or gamma, interferon. Multiple samples of interferon from the same patient had similar biological properties, but samples from different patients were not all identical, suggesting that several variants of this species of human alpha-interferon may exist.     

Interferon inducers in vitro: difference in sensitivity to inhbitiros of RNA and protein synthesis

Interferon can be induced by diverse agents in a variety of mammalian cell cultures through apparently two mechanisms. One results in an early (2 to 10 hours) appearance of interferon and is relatively resistant to inhibition by actinomycin, puromycin, or fluorophenylalanine. A second mechanism results in a late (18 to 24 hours) appearance of interferon and is more sensitive to inhibition by these inhibitors. The molecular basis for each mechanism is unclear. Since each interferon inducer may have multiple effects on the cell, the differences observed may not necessarily reflect a fundamental difference in the mechanism of interferon stimulation.     

Isolation of a T-lymphotropic virus from domestic cats with an immunodeficiency-like syndrome

A highly T-lymphotropic virus was isolated from cats in a cattery in which all the animals were seronegative for feline leukemia virus. A number of cats in one pen had died and several had an immunodeficiency-like syndrome. Only 1 of 18 normal cats in the cattery showed serologic evidence of infection with this new virus, whereas 10 of 25 cats with signs of ill health were seropositive for the virus. Tentatively designated feline T-lymphotropic lentivirus, this new feline retrovirus appears to be antigenically distinct from human immunodeficiency virus. There is no evidence for cat-to-human transmission of the agent. Kittens experimentally infected by way of blood or plasma from naturally infected animals developed generalized lymphadenopathy several weeks later, became transiently febrile and leukopenic, and continued to show a generalized lymphadenopathy 5 months after infection.     

Interferon-resistant cell line lacks fatty acid cyclooxygenase activity

A clone of L1210 mouse leukemia cells selected for resistance to both the antiviral and anticellular properties of mouse interferon were essentially devoid of fatty acid cyclooxygenase activity. Experiments in which broken cell preparations were mixed or the two cell types were cultivated together failed to indicate the presence of a diffusible enzyme inhibitor. Fatty acid lipoxygenase activity of similar magnitude was detectable in both cell types. A selective impairment of fatty acid cyclooxygenase in interferon-resistant cells is consistent with recently described data suggesting that this enzyme may play a crucial role in mediating the antiviral and anticellular effects of interferon.     

SEB单克隆抗体的制备

[目的]获取能应用于快速检测致病微生物的蛋白质芯片点印用单克隆抗体。[方法]用金黄色葡萄球菌B型肠毒素（SEB）作为抗原免疫BALB/C小鼠,然后取其脾细胞与骨髓瘤细胞Sp2/O融合,再进行选育、检测、鉴定等。[结果]成功获得了分泌SEB单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞。[结论]抗体特异性经酶联免疫吸附测定法检验,单克隆抗体细胞特异性强,能够用作蛋白质芯片点印的材料。     

猫急性白血病的FAB分型命名

猫的急性白血病是猫的肿瘤性疾病中最常见的一种恶性肿瘤疾病,临床发病急、死亡率高．但在临床治疗中,又因各种类型的细胞起源、基因类型、病理学过程对治疗的反应差异显著,给临床和判断预后造成极大的困难,所以各种类型的正确分类和命名对指导猫的急性白血病临床治疗有重要价值．本实验研究借鉴目前国际医学上采用的 Ｆ Ａ Ｂ分类方法,将临床收治的 ３８ 例急性白血病病猫进行分型命名．由此认为, Ｆ Ａ Ｂ能为动物白血病临床诊断和治疗提供合理依据,从而为动物白血病的研究开辟一新的途径     

Molecular weight of human gamma interferon is similar to that of other human interferons

The molecular weight (as determined by molecular sieve chromatography) of human gamma interferon, formerly referred to as immune or type II interferon, is between 40,000 and 70,000. On sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, gamma interferon activity was recovered mainly from two regions of the gels corresponding to molecular weights of 20,000 and 25,000. The results suggest that in native form human gamma interferon may be aggregated.     

Interferon production and action in mouse, hamster and somatic hybrid mouse-hamster cells

A hybrid mouse-hamster cell line was developed from a mouse cell line which produces a high titer of interferon and is sensitive to its action, and a hamster cell line which produces little interferon and is relatively insensitive to its action. Parental cell lines demonstrated complete species specificity with respect to interferon production and action. The hybrid cells produced interferon (or interferons) effective when tested on the mouse cell line and primary hamster cells; the hybrids were sensitive to the action of both mouse and hamster interferons. Hybrid cells produced ten times more hamster interferon than the parent hamster cell line and were eight times more sensitive to hamster interferon than the parent hamster cell line.     

Molecular cloning of a feline leukemia virus that induces fatal immunodeficiency disease in cats

A replication-defective variant of feline leukemia virus was molecularly cloned directly from infected tissue and found to induce a rapid and fatal immunodeficiency syndrome in cats. Studies with cloned viruses also showed that subtle mutational changes would convert a minimally pathogenic virus into one that would induce an acute form of immunodeficiency. The data suggest that acutely pathogenic viruses may be selected against by current methods for isolation of the human and simian immunodeficiency viruses.