播期和密度对甘蓝型黄籽油菜主要品质的影响

研究了播期、密度对甘蓝型黄籽油菜粒色及其他主要品质性状的影响.结果表明,播期与黄籽油菜粒色变化关系密切,随着播期的推迟,甘蓝型黄籽油菜黄籽度先升高后降低.正常播期范围内,早播有利于提高种子含油量.随播期的推迟,甘蓝型黄籽油菜的胚蛋白质含量却呈上升趋势.随着种植密度的加大,甘蓝型黄籽油菜皮壳率逐渐增加而皮壳含油量和皮壳纤维素含量则呈降低的趋势.     

甘蓝型黄籽油菜RAPD和种皮色素遗传多样性

 以不同遗传背景的 14个甘蓝型黄籽油菜为材料 ,通过分析种皮内色素的种类、色素含量、蛋白质与含油量、RAPD标记等 ,研究了甘蓝型黄籽油菜资源的遗传多样性。结果表明 ,影响种皮色泽的色素主要为黑色素和花色素 ,根据其含量的不同 ,可分为高花色素类、高黑色素类和低色素类等 3个类群。其中 ,高花色素类的种子种皮花色素含量 >2 .5 4mg·g-1DW ,种子呈纯黄或橙黄色 ;高黑色素类种子的种皮色素含量 >178.4U(A2 90mm) ,种皮呈浅黑色 ,种子颜色为黑黄色 ;低色素类种子种皮的黑色素和花色素含量均较低 ,种皮半透明 ,种子部分因显现出胚的颜色而呈纯黄、绿黄或褐黄色。种子含油量为 36 .2 %～ 45 .5 %,蛋白质含量达 2 1.1%～ 2 7.7%,二者呈极显著负相关。对RAPD扩增结果进行UPGMA分析 ,发现甘蓝型黄籽油菜DNA存在着丰富的多态性 ,遗传相似系数为0 .2 5～ 0 .90 9,14个甘蓝型黄籽油菜材料可被划分为 2个类群。     

播期和密度对甘蓝型黄籽油菜主要品质的影响

研究了播期、密度对甘蓝型黄籽油菜粒色及其他主要品质性状的影响。结果表明,播期与黄籽油菜粒色变化关系密切,随着播期的推迟,甘蓝型黄籽油菜黄籽度先升高后降低。正常播期范围内,早播有利于提高种子含油量”随播期的推迟,甘蓝型黄籽油菜的胚蛋白质含量却呈上升趋势。随着种植密度的加大,甘蓝型黄籽油菜皮壳率逐渐增加而皮壳舍油量和皮壳纤维素含量则呈降低的趋势。     

甘蓝型油菜粒色与含油量的研究

采用传统方法对甘蓝型油菜种皮色泽进行粒色分级,测定其皮壳率、籽粒含油量、皮壳含油量、胚含油量,并进行相关性分析,以籽粒含油量为目标性状进行通径分析。结果表明:甘蓝型油菜粒色与籽粒含油量呈极显著负相关(r=-0.8519**),与皮壳率呈极显著正相关(r=0.9208**);粒色与籽粒含油量的直接通径系数为-0.71169。甘蓝型黄籽油菜含油量明显高于黑籽油菜的含油量;皮壳率对含油量具有显著的影响。     

甘蓝型油菜黄籽和黑籽皮壳中花色素,多酚,苯丙烯酸含量和PA…

用分光光度地测定了甘蓝型油菜３对黄－黑籽近等基因系成熟前期种子皮壳中的花色素，多酚，苯丙烯酸的含量和苯到氨氨酸活性。结果表明，黄籽皮壳中的花色素，多酚和它们的共同合成前体－－反式苯丙烯酸的含量都极显著低于黑籽的。因此，黑色素和花色含量的多少都影响甘蓝同菜籽色的变异。     

甘蓝型油菜黄籽和黑籽皮壳中花色素、多酚、苯丙烯酸含量和PAL酶活性的变异

用分光光度法测定了甘蓝型油菜３对黄—黑籽近等基因系成熟前期种子皮壳中的花色素、多酚、苯丙烯酸的含量和苯丙氨酸解氨酶（ＰＡＬ）活性。结果表明，黄籽皮壳中的花色素、多酚和它们的共同合成前体———反式苯丙烯酸的含量都极显著低于黑籽的。因此，黑色素和花色素含量的多少都影响甘蓝型油菜籽色的变异     

不同来源甘蓝型黄籽油菜品质性状的遗传分析

以7个甘蓝型黄籽油菜品系为材料,按Griffing方法Ⅱ配制28个组合进行试验,考查了皮壳纤维素含量、种子含油量、皮壳含油量、胚含油量、胚单宁含量、胚蛋白质含量、单株粒重、黄籽度、千粒重等9个性状。方差分析表明,重复之间的差异不显著,而9个性状组合间的差异均达到显著水平,皮壳纤维素含量、种子含油量、皮壳含油量、胚含油量、胚单宁含量、千粒重、黄籽度在亲本间差异显著;进一步进行9个性状间的相关分析,以种子含油量与胚蛋白质含量为目标性状进行通径分析。该文还就油菜品质育种提出一些观点,作为甘蓝型黄籽油菜育种的参考。     

黄籽和黑籽羽衣甘蓝种皮特性比较研究

本文分析比较了遗传来源不同的8对具有相同遗传背景的黄籽和黑籽羽衣甘蓝成熟种子种皮中的叶绿素、类黄酮、花色素、黑色素含量的差异。结果表明,黑籽种皮的叶绿素、类黄酮、花色素、黑色素含量均高于相应的黄籽,黄籽与黑籽种子色泽的差异与种皮中类黄酮、花色素和黑色素的含量不同有关,这与甘蓝型油菜的表现相同,而叶绿素含量却与甘蓝型油菜相反。     

甘蓝型油菜同一遗传背景不同颜色种子性状差异比较——皮壳率、皮壳含油量和种子含油量的比较

本文以10个甘蓝型油菜品系为材料,分析了同一遗传背景的黄籽和黑籽在皮壳率、皮壳含油量和种子含油量等3个性状上的差异。结果表明:同一遗传背景下,甘蓝型油菜黄籽比黑籽油菜皮壳率低2.88%,皮壳含油量和种子含油量分别高1.99%和0.87%,差异均达到极显著水平。     

密度和氮素与甘蓝型黄籽油菜主要品质的关系

以8个不同来源的甘蓝型黄籽油菜基因型为材料,研究了不同密度和氮素水平下粒色及其他主要品质性状的变化。结果发现,施氮可使甘蓝型黄籽油菜黄籽度明显提高,但同时种子含油量有下降趋势;施氮后多数基因型的胚蛋白质含量均有不同程度的增加;密度对黄籽油菜粒色、种子含油量的影响因基因型而异;密度对胚蛋白质含量有负效应,即密度加大,胚蛋白质含量有降低趋势。     

Genetic Diversity of Testa Pigments and RAPD Marker of Yellow-Seeded Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)

14 yellow-seeded rapeseed lines (Brassia napus L. ) from different genetic sources were used toanalyze diversity of testa pigments content, oil and protein content, and RAPD markers. The results showedthat the anthocyanin and melanin were the most important pigments in testa and their content were responsiblefor the variation in seed color ranging from orange to black yellow, 14 yellow-seeded lines could be classifiedinto 3 groups., high anthocyanin content group with anthocyanin content over 2.54 mg g-1 DW, the seed colorwas light yellow or orange; low pigments content group with low content of anthocyanin and melanin, the testawas transparent and the seed color was light yellow, greenish yellow or twany; high melanin content groupwith melanin content over 178.4U(A290nm), the testa was black, the seed color was black yellow. Oil eantentchanged from 36.2% to 45.5%, protein content from 21.1% to 27.7%, and the correlation analysis revealedthat the oil content is highly significantly negatively correlated with the protein content. The cluster analysisshowed that the extensive genetic variation existed among 14 yellow-seeded lines by using unweighted pairedgroup method with arithmetic average (UPGMA) based on RAPD markers which were amplified with decamerprimers, the genetic similarity among them ranged from 0.25 to 0. 909, and 14 yellow-seeded lines could putinto 2 clusters corresponding to genome difference.     

我国甘蓝型黄籽油菜育种研究进展

甘蓝型（Ｂ．ｎａｐｕｓ）黄籽油菜育种工作,在我国已进行了２０多年。育种实践表明,其黄籽色泽遗传复杂,籽粒呈“杂黄”色,长期自交不能纯化,并不断分离出黑籽。已培育出的 黄籽品种,尚不能完全适应生产的需要。黄籽育种必须与优质育种、杂交育种、生物技术相结合,才能适应育种科技发展的需要。     

甘蓝型黄籽油菜黄籽外显率及其含油量

研究了甘蓝型黄籽油菜不同品系材料、不同单株间千粒黄籽外显率及其与含油量、黄籽级数和千粒重的关系。结果表明，甘蓝型黄籽油菜是一个不同黄色程度的黄籽组合体，甘蓝型黄籽油菜黄籽外显率品系间差异显著，单株间差异较大。黄籽外显率与含油量呈极弱相关关系，与黄籽级数（最低级）呈显著负相关关系，与千粒重呈弱相关关系。综合分析表明，甘蓝型黄籽油菜黄籽外显率应在85％以上，才能作为育种选择对象和高油分含量的菜籽色泽检测指标。     

The Relationship of Color Formation with Related Enzymes and Protein Contents in the Seedcoat of Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus)

Three pairs of near-isogenic lines with different genetic backgrounds of yellow-seeded and black-seeded rape (Brassica napus L.) were used as experiment materials to study the relationship of color formation in the seedcoat with enzyme activity and protein content in it. The results showed that with similar genetic backgrounds, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and polyphenol oxidase(PPO) activities in the black-seeded lines were much higher than in their yellow-seeded counterparts and maximum PAL activity in the seedcoat occurred comparatively late while no significant difference was present in glutamine synthetase (GS) between the two types of rape. The plants were treated with red light,blue light, p-hydroxybenzoic acid (a PAL inhibitor), polyvinylpyridoxal (a PPO inhibitor),urea (a protein synthesis promoter) or chloramphenicol (CM, a plastid protein synthesis inhibitor) during seed development. It is speculated that PAL may be primarily responsible for coloration in the yellow seed; PPO may be the main factor contributing to the darkness of the testa of the black genotypes; and nitrogen assimilation is, probably, not directly related to the difference in protein content observed between yellow- and black-seeded genotypes, which may be induced mainly by PAL.     

Physiological Differences Between Yellow-Seeded and Black-Seeded Rapeseeds (Brassica napus L.) with Different Testa Characteristics During Artificial Ageing

Yellow-seeded rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is a new kind of breeding resources with yellow color, increased oil and protein content and less unwanted crude fiber content due to the thinner and transparent testa compared with traditional black or brown-seeded rapeseed. To analyze the longevity of the yellow-seeded rapeseed during storage, the physiological differences between the yellow and black-seeded near-isogenic lines were studied by artificial ageing method. The testa rate, anthocyanin content and melanin content of yellow-seeded rapeseeds decreased by 20.1, 25.2, and 80.4% respectively than black-seeded rapeseed. During artificial ageing, the yellow-seeded rapeseed showed significantly different effect of ageing compared with the black-seeded, as demonstrated by faster deterioration with lower germination percentage, seed vigour index, reducing sugar and soluble protein contents than the black-seeded, as well as a drastic increase in electrical conductivity, malnodialdehyde (MDA) content and a rapid decrease in activities of antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT)and superoxide dismutase (SOD). The results suggested that the transparent testa of the yellow-seeded rapeseed lost some abilities to protect the embryo against adverse environmental conditions and thus led to a poor storability.     

甘蓝型油菜种子性状间的相关与通径分析

该研究对108份甘蓝型油菜骨干系材料的含油量、蛋白质含量与种子色素含量进行分析,结果表明：含油量与蛋白质含量、种皮色素含量及胚花色素含量、总酚含量和黑色素含量存在极显著负相关,蛋白质含量与种皮和胚色素含量均达到极显著正相关或负相关,与黑色素含量存在极显著正相关;通径分析表明,种胚类黄酮含量与种子含油量的直接通径系数值都较大,说明对种子含油量的贡献较大;蛋白质含量、种胚总酚含量和种皮黑色素含量与种子含油量的直接通径系数为负值,说明它们对种子含油量的贡献为负效应.种胚总酚含量和黑色素含量与种子蛋白质含量的直接通径系数为较大的正值,说明它们对种子蛋白质含量的贡献较大,为正效应;种胚类黄酮含量和种皮黑色素含量与种子蛋白质含量的直接通径系数为负值,说明它们对种子蛋白质含量的贡献为负效应.油菜籽的含油量提高受到蛋白质含量和种皮、胚色素的影响,蛋白质在合成过程中可能与油分合成竞争底物,与黄酮类化合物的合成代谢途径密切相关,种皮和胚色素含量分别在2个环境中相关性不一致,表明种皮和胚色素合成可能受不同遗传体系控制,色素在其合成代谢途径过程中的底物竞争性可能不同.     

地理位置与甘蓝型黄籽油菜粒色关系的研究

供试材料甘蓝型黄籽油菜杂交种“渝黄1号”分别种植在7个不同经纬度的生态点,研究了地理位置对甘蓝型黄籽油菜粒色的影响。结果表明,纬度与甘蓝型黄籽油菜粒色的变化有一定关系,随着纬度的升高,甘蓝型黄籽油菜黄籽度逐渐增加,粒色变淡,表明高纬度可能不利于种皮色素的形成。