发展草业大有可为——无棣县发展草产业的做法

山东无棣县地临渤海农区，具有发展草业的优越条件，全县人民立草为业，走种草兴牧之路，采取抓典型、抓草的转化增值和扩大规模，使草产品形成规模化、商品化，开拓市场销往全国各地并走出国门，成为中国农区的草业大县。实践证明，发展草业在农区大有可为。     

发展草业大有可为—无棣县发展草产业的做法

山东无棣县地临渤海农区，具有发展草业的优越条件，全县人民立草为业，走种草兴牧之路，采取抓典型、抓草的转化增值和扩大规模，使草产品形成规模化、商品化，开拓市场销往全国各地并走出国门，成为中国农区的草业大县。实践证明，发展草业在农区大有可为。     

湖北省草业现状及发展措施

通过对湖北省草业现状的分析,提出了建立农区草产业和加强草的多功能开发利用,提高种草的社会经济生态效益.     

发展有南方农区特色的草业

我国南方农区有草山、草坡、草洲约０．８６亿ｈａ，可利用的宜牧面积０．４亿ｈａ，立地条件好，牧草资源丰富，发展草业的潜力巨大。可以开发草山、草坡以草养畜，利用闲隙地种草，果草结合发展立体生产，开发利用秸秆和草粉资源，推进种植业向三元结构转化和发展草坪业，路子极为广阔。同时指出了发展南方草业需要解决的几个实际问题。     

和田地区规划"人工种草”100万亩

新疆和田地区在西部大开发中,注重生态环境建设.他们从整个农业产业结构入手,合理利用土地资源,大力倡导退耕还林、还草,加大改造中、低产田种草工程,实现草业规模化、集约化、商品化经营,逐步改善生态环境.目,和田地区已做出全面规划,将100万亩种草任务规划为两大草业带:在农区与戈壁、沙漠接壤处通过利用弃耕地、低产田建立一个草业带;以16个山区乡镇为主,利用弃耕地、低产田和新开荒地建立一个草业带.另外,在农区内部利用林地、园地、条田林荫带种植6-7米宽的草带,使全地区形成北面、南面和中部三大人工种草基地.     

全国首次农区种草用草学术讨论会在酒泉市举行 中国土壤肥料研究会农区草业专业委员会和中国草原学会农区草业研究会同时成立

(记者:段舜山)中国土壤肥料研究会主持召开的,全国首次农区种草用草学术讨论会暨中国土壤肥料研究会农区草业专业委员会和中国草原学会农区草业研究会成立大会,于1986年9月6～10日在甘肃省酒泉市同时举行。到会代表84人,提交论文95篇。中国农科院土肥所谢承桂同志和甘肃省     

江苏省种草养畜工作现状、问题和对策

江苏省作为农区因地制宜探索开展种草养畜已成为畜牧业发展的亮点.近几年来,牧草种植面积不断增加,牧草新品种、新技术广泛应用,种草养畜促进草食畜禽生产稳中有升,并成为农民养殖增收的主要途径之一,草业向区域化、规模化、产业化方向发展初显端倪.主要做法:加强种草养畜技术宣传和培训工作,培植、扶持种草养畜龙头企业,积极推动基地建设,认真开展种草养畜科研工作.存在问题:全省种草养畜发展不平衡,牧草品种存在退化现象,草业产业化经营程度偏低,牧草加工龙头企业较少,受扩大粮食种植面积政策的影响,牧草种植面积有所减少.对策:加大农区草业发展的宣传和扶持力度,加强草业科技研究和示范推广工作,大力推进草业产业化进程.     

引草入田退粮种草实现农业结构的战略性调整

加快耕地种草和已垦草地的还草步伐,是兴牧富民、保护生态环境、实现农业可持续发展的一项重大战略举措,将对农业结构调整和增加农牧民收入,实现农业现代化起到积极的推动作用。近年来,临汾市在种草还草、草田轮作、草产品开发方面进行了有益的尝试和实践,取得了明显的经济效益和生态效益,为农区及半农半牧区草业发展走出了一条新路子。     

贵州草业现状及发展策略探讨

通过对贵州草业现状、存在问题和发展优势进行分析,提出了贵州草业发展的三大策略:一是加强草业科技投入和深入研究,重点攻克当前生产中存在的技术难题,并为新阶段草业的跨越式发展提供新的技术储备;二是加强政府宏观调控与管理,制定草业发展规划,调整草业向区域化、专业化、规模化、多元化方向发展,推进农区粮经“二元结构”向粮经饲“三元结构”的稳步转变;三是完善利益联结机制,充分发挥龙头企业和产业协会的作用,实施草—稻、草—玉米、草—烟等轮作模式,大力发展农田种草养畜、林下养禽和推动草地旅游业的发展。     

草业论坛对广东草业起落的探索与再创辉煌的建议

广东是改革开放后我国热带、南亚热带草业兴起的先驱和推动南方草业发展的典范之一.广东创立的果草结合(果-草-畜禽鱼)循环发展模式,农闲田种草(草-早稻-晚稻)循环发展模式和以优质牧草替代部分饲料粮养殖猪禽鱼以及种草治理水土流失试点的经验,对全国草产业发展做出创新贡献.然而,从20世纪90年代中叶起,广东草业却由兴盛走向衰落.笔者就亲身经历,探讨这一兴衰的缘由,并对广东再创草业辉煌提出建议.     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.