高海拔地区獭兔仔兔的饲养与管理技术研究

仔兔的饲养管理是獭兔生产中关键的环节,目前资料均说明不详,特别是在高海拔地区养殖獭兔的技术研究缺少总结。结合科研项目研究,在海拔2 900m的甘南州合作市进行了高海拔地区獭兔饲养技术研究,使仔兔成活率达到98%。对獭兔仔兔的饲养与管理关键技术环节进行了介绍。     

考力代羊在昭觉高海拔地区的适应性及改良本地藏羊的效果

考力代羊在昭觉高海拔地区的适应性及改良本地藏羊的效果雷世龙，蒲元成，尔古日旦，孙子汉呷考力代羊，早在解放前便引入我国，解放后，又先后从新西兰、澳大利亚引入相当数量。几乎遍布全国养羊地区。饲养在我国东部沿海、东北及云南等地，其适应性较好，生产性能较理想...     

提高饲养水平对杂种母牛产奶量的影响

青海省自1979年开始推广黑白花、西门塔尔良种公牛冻精配种改良本地黄牛，截止到2003年底共存栏良种及改良牛14万头。在高海拔地区由于群众现有饲养管理水平低使杂种母牛的生产性能得不到应有的发挥。为了求得该地区较高营养水平下黑黄、西黄杂种二代母牛的产奶性能，特进行本实验。     

不同海拔对幼年牦牛生长发育的观察

对幼年牦牛断乳后分别在海拔3200m和4229m地区饲养,结果高海拔饲养的牦牛的体重和各项体尺均显著高于低海拔饲养的牦牛。     

肉鸡腹水综合征发病机理的新观点

腹水综合征首次报道发生于高海拔地区饲养的肉鸡,曾一度称为“高海拔病”。但随着本病在其他饲养环境中相继发生,因而有鸡水肿病、心衰综合征、腹坠症(Drops)等名称。腹腔积液是本病区别于其他相关疾病(如猝死综合征)的重要诊断指标。本病最常发生     

高海拔地区不同饲养方式下藏鸡生产性能测定

本文通过对藏鸡在完全放养、平养和笼养等三种不同饲养方式下生长发育、生产性能等进行的试验,进一步揭示生活在高海拔地区家禽的一些生物学特性,以寻求藏鸡较佳效果的饲养模式。     

碳酸氢钠可降低肉仔鸡腹水症发病率

腹水症又称肉仔鸡肺部高压综合征(BPHS),是目前造成商品肉仔鸡死亡的重要疾病,该病的死亡率正日益上升。生长速度快的肉仔鸡品系易患此病。促使肉仔鸡生产性能提高的饲养方案常常引起鸡群的死亡率上升,而死亡鸡只中很大一部分患有腹水症。 最先报道的腹水症发生于高海拔地区饲养的商品肉仔鸡群中,该病的特征是腹部积聚液体,死亡。最初,该病主要发生在高海拔地区饲养的鸡群,如墨西哥和南美诸国。但随着肉仔鸡体型的不断增大和生长速度的持续     

利用藏鸡杂交培育高原优质肉鸡初探

试验分别在高海拔地区和低海拔地区饲养藏鸡、肉用矮小隐性白鸡以及二者杂交F1代3组鸡,测定各组鸡出生、2、4、6、8、10和13周龄体重,并于70日龄和90日龄屠宰,比较组间生长和产肉性状差别,分析杂种优势。结果表明:在体重、半净膛率、全净膛率、胸肌率和腿肌率方面均表现了较明显的杂种优势,尤其在高海拔环境中,杂种鸡(TD)在体重、胸肌率和腿肌率方面表现出较高的杂种优势。从生长、产肉等方面看,认为TD不仅是高海拔地区,同时也是低海拔地区藏鸡肉用发展的良好杂交组合。该研究为在低海拔地区发展具有藏鸡独特风味的优质肉鸡和在高海拔地区发展养鸡业提供了参考。     

肉鸡腹水综合征及其防治

肉鸡腹水综合征又名＂心衰竭综合征＂或＂高海拔＂病;以腹部膨大,剖检腹腔内有大量淡黄色液体,心脏衰竭,心包积液以及肝脏、肾脏的病变为特征,主要发生于肉用仔鸡。此病在高海拔地区发病较多,但现在即使是低海拔的南京地区发病也很普遍;该病不仅有较高的致死率,而且因降低了肉鸡的屠宰等级而影响饲养效益,对肉鸡生产的危害很大。     

不同海拔高度的白萨福克羊生理生化指标比较

为了比较不同海拔高度白萨福克羊的生理生化指标,试验以高海拔(四川红原)和低海拔(四川新津)饲养的白萨福克羊为研究对象,测定了生理指标和血液生理生化指标。结果表明:1)不同海拔高度的白萨福克羊体温在公母间均差异不显著(P0.05),低海拔地区的呼吸和心率高于高海拔地区;2)白细胞数、血红蛋白含量、红细胞平均容量、红细胞平均血红蛋白量、红细胞平均血红蛋白浓度和红细胞体积分布宽度变异系数等指标在不同海拔地区的公母羊间差异较小,红细胞数和红细胞比容等指标高海拔地区公母羊极显著高于低海拔地区(P0.01),高海拔地区公母羊血小板数极显著低于低海拔地区(P0.01);3)谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、白蛋白、乳酸脱氢酶、葡萄糖和总胆固醇等指标在不同海拔地区公母羊间差异不显著(P0.05),高海拔地区公母羊总蛋白、球蛋白和胆碱酯酶等指标极显著高于低海拔地区(P0.01),低海拔地区公母羊总钙和碱性磷酸酶等指标极显著高于高海拔地区(P0.01)。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

Evaluation of serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism and results of radiography as indicators of severity of osteochondrosis in foals

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis.