猪精液常温保存稀释液配方筛选试验研究

猪精液常温保存技术是实现猪人工授精的重要环节,对大力推广猪人工授精具有重要意义,本试验选择了9种常温保存稀释液配方进行对比试验,通过在不同时间段对精子活力的测定,综合成本因素考虑,筛选出四川省畜牧科学研究所的"精保"稀释液配方,交通方便的场(户)可选择短效稀释液配方稀释;边远山区和交通不便的场(户)选用中效稀释液配方稀释。     

猪精液常温保存稀释液配方研究

稀释液是影响精液保存质量的主要因素 ,自 5 0年代推广人工授精技术以来 ,人们就开始对稀释液进行研究。猪精液一般采用常温保存 ,常温保存的效果与稀释液配方密切相关。本试验是在前人研究的基础上 ,根据猪精液的理化特性对配方进行改进优化 ,目的是想筛选出适合我地推广的最佳猪精液常温保存稀释液配方。1　材料与方法1 1　稀释液配方Ａ1,Ｂ1,Ｃ1,Ｄ为基础配方 ,Ｅ为湖南农大杨文炳教授研制的 80 60 1稀释液 ;Ａ2 ,Ｂ2 ,Ｃ2 是在Ａ1,Ｂ1,Ｃ1配方基础上进行优化设计而成。详见表 1。表 1　稀释液配方成　　分Ａ1Ａ2 Ｂ1Ｂ2 Ｃ1Ｃ2 ＤＥ葡萄…     

犬精液常温保存的稀释液配方筛选试验研究

犬精液常温保存技术是实现犬人工授精的重要环节,对大力推广犬人工授精具有重要意义。本试验参考国内外相关报道,选择了4种常温保存稀释液配方进行对比试验,通过对精子有效存活时间、总存活时间、存活指数等项目测定,分析它们对公犬精液品质的影响。筛选出C号、D号稀释液配方,14～18℃恒温下精子O级和5级保存时间分别达105.O±17.0h和114.0±12.0h、总存活时间为132.O±14.0h和l50.0±16.0h、生存指数为71.2±l0.4h和74.6±l4.0h,极显著优于对照组(P相似文献   

不同稀释液对绒山羊精液常温保存效果的影响

为了研制一种简便易行、成分简单、保存效果好的稀释液配方,于2007年11月份-2008年5月份对绒山羊精液的常温保存技术进行了研究,比较了不同稀释液对绒山羊精液的保存效果,以期为绒山羊精液保存技术在生产中的推广应用提供参考.     

不同稀释液对公猪精液常温保存效果的研究

 为提高猪精液的保存效果,设计了3种常温保存稀释液配方,并对保存后的精子进行了顶体染色,为猪精液常温保存技术及稀释液配方的研究提供参考依据。结果表明：当精子活率为50％与30％时,配方Ⅱ的精子保存时间均显著高于（P<0.05）配方Ⅰ与配方Ⅲ,且配方Ⅱ所保存精子的总存活时间也显著高于（P<0.05）配方Ⅰ与配方Ⅲ;在精液保存24h后,3种配方保存的精子顶体完整率均在95％以上,且差异不显著（P>0.05）,配方Ⅱ对精子的常温保存效果要优于配方Ⅰ与配方Ⅲ。     

藏獒精液稀释液的筛选实验

为探讨藏獒精液稀释的最佳稀释液配方,本试验选取近年来常用的稀释液中主要营养成分,根据不同比例添加量,组成8种藏獒精液稀释液配方进行对比试验,分析不同稀释液配方对藏獒精液稀释效果的影响。结果表明:藏獒精液保存在稀释液配方6中效果最佳,配方6中精子活力和顶体完整率高于其他7个配方,差异显著(P0.05)。     

不同奶牛精子稀释液配方比较研究

牛的冻精稀释液是精液冷冻保存和人工授精最关键的环节。本文进行了两个方面的试验研究,一是把各个地区生产实践中应用的不同冷冻稀释液配方,进行综合筛选和比较;二是对没有条件冷冻精子的养殖场进行精子保鲜的稀释液配方进行综合筛选和比较。结果显示,当冷冻保存精液时,选择配方2为最佳配方;常温保存时选择配方2、3、4均可。     

不同稀释剂对梅山猪精液冷冻保存效果的研究

为了探讨稀释剂对梅山猪精液冷冻保存效果的影响,本文选用3种不同的常温稀释液进行常温保存试验,结果发现配方Androhep(A)、Schonow(B)优于葡-柠-EDTA(C)。选用常温配方A、B与3种冷冻稀释液进行配伍组合试验,应用液氮熏蒸法制成试管冻精,结果表明:1A稀释液组合在精子活力和顶体完整率均优于其他组合,解冻后精子活率最高达0.55;不同时间点保存效果检测结果显示,解冻后精子活力和顶体完整率指标稳定。     

阿拉善型绒山羊精液稀释液配方的筛选与优化

为了提高阿拉善型绒山羊优质种公羊利用率,首先对生产中常规精液稀释液配方进行比较试验,分别用4种常用稀释液对3只配种公羊的精液4倍稀释后进行常温稀释保存试验,对精子活率进行检测,从中筛选出最优配方,再进行不同pH及不同蔗糖浓度的优化试验。结果表明,在4种常用精液稀释液中,A2组效果明显优于其他各组(P0.05),保存时间为60h;保存精液的最适pH为B3组的6.3,在12h~24h之间及48h~60h之间B3组精子活率显著(P0.05)高于其他两组;在改进后的精液稀释液配方中,最适蔗糖浓度为C2组的12mg/mL和C3组的18mg/mL,两组精子活率差异不显著(P0.05),保存时间为78h。这有利于在内蒙古草原上长距离进行精液运输,有利于优质种公羊的利用率提高。     

稀释液营养剂对常温保存奶山羊精液品质的效果试验

为提高常温条件下奶山羊精液保存效果,以稀释液营养剂和抗菌素不同配比进行研究。结果表明:以葡萄糖∶果糖=1∶1混合物作为稀释液营养剂的保存效果好;以庆大霉素作为抗菌素的保存效果比以青、链霉素作为抗菌素的效果好,筛选出了在常温条件下保存奶山羊精液有理想效果的稀释液配方Ⅲ。     

圈养条件下小熊猫指名亚种雨季的活动规律

2008年8⁹月,在姚家坪小熊猫繁育基地采用目标取样法和瞬时扫描取样法对19只圈养小熊猫指名亚种的活动规律进行了研究。结果表明:小熊猫雨季每天大部分时间用于休息(48%),其次是摄食(17%)和活动(14%),标记占10%,其他行为分配的时间较短。在行为节律上,休息行为所占比例最高,出现2个休息高峰,分别为10:009月,在姚家坪小熊猫繁育基地采用目标取样法和瞬时扫描取样法对19只圈养小熊猫指名亚种的活动规律进行了研究。结果表明:小熊猫雨季每天大部分时间用于休息(48%),其次是摄食(17%)和活动(14%),标记占10%,其他行为分配的时间较短。在行为节律上,休息行为所占比例最高,出现2个休息高峰,分别为10:00¹1:00、13:0011:00、13:00¹5:00时;活动行为在16:00和19:00时形成波峰;摄食有3个高峰,分别为9:00、11:00和20:00时,标记行为在9:00、16:00、19:00和20:00时出现频率较高;梳理行为只在17:0015:00时;活动行为在16:00和19:00时形成波峰;摄食有3个高峰,分别为9:00、11:00和20:00时,标记行为在9:00、16:00、19:00和20:00时出现频率较高;梳理行为只在17:00¹9:00时超过10%;其他行为所占比率较低。不同年龄组间小熊猫的行为时间分配有差异,老年在休息行为上明显高于幼年和成年,约占总行为的70%;幼年的活动行为高于成年及老年;成年的修饰及标记行为明显高于幼年和老年。     

Pharmacokinetics of furosemide administered 4 and 24 hours prior to high‐speed exercise in horses

Furosemide is a diuretic agent used commonly in racehorses to attenuate the bleeding associated with exercise‐induced pulmonary hemorrhage (EIPH). The current study describes serum and urine concentrations and the pharmacokinetics of furosemide following administration at 4 and 24 hrs prior to maximal exercise. Eight exercised adult Thoroughbred horses received a single IV administration of 250 mg of furosemide at 4 and 24 hrs prior to maximal exercise on a high‐speed treadmill. Blood and urine samples were collected at time 0 and at various times for up to 72 hrs and furosemide concentrations determined using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Serum furosemide concentrations remained above the LOQ (0.05 ng/ml) for 36 hrs in 3/8 and 1/8 horses in the 4‐ and 24‐hrs groups, respectively. Serum concentration data were best fit by a two‐compartment model. There was not a significant difference in the volume of distribution at steady‐state (0.594 ± 0.178 [4 hrs] and 0.648 ± 0.147 [24 hrs] L/kg) or systemic clearance (0.541 ± 0.094 [4 hrs] and 0.617 ± 0.114 [24 hrs] L/hrs/kg) between horses that were exercised at 4‐ and 24 hrs postdrug administration. The mean ± SD elimination half‐life was 3.12 ± 0.387 and 3.23 ± 0.407 hrs following administration at 4 and 24 hrs prior to exercise, respectively.     

三种圈养雉类的行为比较研究

2008年7月23日～8月5日和8月7～13日,采用目标动物取样法分别研究了4只蓝鹇(2♂2♀)、3只白鹇(1♂2♀)和5只白腹锦鸡(2♂3♀)的各种行为的发生频率进行了研究。结果发现3种雉类的各种行为类型都相似,但不同雉类间各种行为发生频次有差异。白腹锦鸡、蓝鹇和白鹇的休息行为分别在8:00、9:00和10:00达到日高峰,分别为12.05次/h、28.39次/h和14次/h。蓝鹇、白鹇、白腹锦鸡运动相关行为分别在7:00、8:00、9:00出现峰值,为19.29次/h、21.76次/h、24.90次/h;10:00蓝鹇、白鹇、白腹锦鸡的运动相关行为发生频次都出现了白昼的第一个谷值,分别为6.71次/h、9.29次/h、15.19次/h。蓝鹇、白鹇、白腹锦鸡的梳理行为9:00出现谷值分别为7.64次/h、8.05次/h、11.67次/h,10:00出现峰值分别为17.25次/h、21.19次/h、21.0次/h。3种雉鸡的采食行为的日节律相似。     

圈养条件下赤斑羚夏季昼间行为时间分配及活动规律

2010年6月,在上海动物园繁殖场的赤斑羚饲养区,采用人为观察与摄像监控相结合的方式对10只圈养赤斑羚的行为时间分配和活动规律进行了研究。结果表明,赤斑羚一天的大部分时间用于趴卧（43.11%）和采食（38.21%）,站立行为（12.40%）次之,运动行为（3.53%）和修饰行为（2.45%）较少,其他行为仅占0.31%,所占比例最低。在活动规律上,赤斑羚一般在7：00左右开始活动,一天中趴卧、采食和站立是主要的3种行为。趴卧行为在11：00～11：55和15：00～15：55处形成波峰,在8：00～8：55和14：00～14：55处形成波谷。在9：00～9：55和14：00～14：55是采食高峰,在11：00～11：55是采食低峰。站立行为和运动行为均在8：00～8：55形成波峰。修饰行为和其他行为所占比例较少,在一天中分布的较为均匀。     

Absorption from water as an alternative method for the administration of sulphonamides to rainbow trout, salmo gairdneri. The significance of the pKa value of the sulphonamides and the pH and salt content of the water.

The effect of variations in pH and salt concentration on the absorption by rainbow trout of sulphonamides from water was investigated. Two trials were carried out: 1) Absorption from fresh water of sulphanilamide (pKa 10.4) and sulphadimidine (pKa 7.4) at pH 4, 6, 8 and 10 over a period of 96 hrs., and 2) Absorption from fresh water and sea water (salinity approx. 31 ‰) of the same two sulphonamides at pH 6 and 8 over a period of 24 hrs. The degree of acetylation of the two sulphonamides in rainbow trout was investigated.     

Studies on the 14C-15N-acetamide turnover in sheep. 2. Studies on 15N turnover and comparative studies on the 14C turnover]

Three fistula sheep with average weights of 52.2 kgs were given 37.9 g of 15N and 14C labelled acetamide (= 1.09 mg 15N' and 0,95 mCi14C) which were administered directly through the fistula. The half-life period of 15N retention in the ruminal fluid (TCE soluble portion) was found to be 4 hrs. 18 hrs after 15N administration increasing amounts of 15N were carried back to the rumen by way of the rumino-hepatic circulation. The 15N concentration in the blood (TCE soluble portion) rapidly increased up to a peak value and, from 3 hrs after isotope administration, the 15N concentration was found to decline continuously, with a slight discontinuation at about the 10th hr of experiment. The rate of 15N incorporation into the protein fraction (TEC soluble portion) of the blood was delayed by 4 hrs, relative to the rate of 15N incorporation into ruminal proteins. An average of 43.1% of the administered amount of 15N was excreted in the urine within 7 days. Up to the 4th day of experiment the half-life period of urinary 15N excretion was 19 hrs. An average of 15% of the administered total amount of 15N was excreted in the faeces. In this process, the peak values in both TCE fractions were observed to occur on the 2nd day of experiment. The proportion of isotope in the TCE soluble fraction was found to increase continuously compared with the total amount of the isotope excreted in the faeces. Isotope concentrations between 0.03 and 0.13 atom% of surplus 15N were found in organ and muscle tissues of a sheep that had been slaughtered 7 days after administration of the isotope. The results obtained are discussed on the basis of comparisons made with the analogous behaviour of 14C activity.     

Plasma cortisol in the horse, diurnal rhythm and effects of exogenous ACTH.

Peripheral blood plasma Cortisol concentration and its diurnal variation was measured in 4 horses. Mean concentration of Cortisol during 24 hrs. was 42 ng/ml (s ± 20 ng/ml). Peak values occurred at 6 a.m. and the lowest values were observed at about 6 p.m. (mean 65 ng/ml and 20 ng/ml, respectively).Long-acting ACTH at a dose of 150 i.u. was given by intramuscular injection to the 4 horses. Peak Cortisol concentrations markedly exceeding the prestimulation level were obtained between 2 and 4 hrs. after injection. During the immediate 24 hrs. after these peaks, the mean Cortisol level was markedly lower and the cyclic variation out of phase with the basal diurnal pattern. After a gradual adjustment during the second postinjection day, no differences could be seen between the 2 patterns on day 3 after injection.     

Effect in vitro of bovine viral diarrhea virus on bovine embryos with the zona pellucida intact,damaged and removed

The in vitro effect of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) on the survival of day 7 to day 7.5 bovine embryos collected from superovulated donors was studied. Fifty-four experimental embryos with the zona pellucida (ZP) intact, damaged or removed were exposed to 1×10⁴ TCD₅₀/ml of the NADL cytopathic strain of BVDC at 37°C for 24 hrs and compared to 36 control embryos that were cultured for 24 hr. Seven embryos with the ZP-removed were similarly exposed for 48 hrs and compared to five control embryos. The overall survival rate was 68% for embryos exposed to BVDV for 24 hrs and 77% for embryos not exposed (P>0.05). Extended exposure of the embryos with the ZP removed to virus for 48 hrs did not affect their survival rate compared to controls. Damage to the ZP by cracking or total removal of the ZP by micromanipulation or acidic Tyrode's solution had no effect on subsequent embryonic survival in the presence of BVDV. It was concluded that exposure to BVDV in vitro is not cytopathic for morula and blastocyst stage bovine embryos over a 48 hr period, even when they are not protected by the ZP.     

皖南花母猪昼夜行为规律的研究

从250头皖南花猪群中抽选出健康的6月龄后备母猪、发情母猪、妊娠母猪和哺乳母猪分别为4、4、4和5头,连续120小时观测皖南花母猪的行为规律。结果表明,4种母猪每天采食消化能分别为15.94、9.05、35.57和44.61兆焦耳;后备母猪平均每天饮水、排粪和排尿分别为4、2和1次,发情母猪分别为6、1和4次,妊娠母猪为4.8、2.8和5次以及哺乳母猪分别为6.3、2.3和2.6次。4种母猪全天站立活动时间分别占18.83、33.44、16.01和22.43％,其中白夭站立活动时间比夜晚长(P<0.01)。在每天的6～20时中,各类母猪每2小时的站立活动时间占全天的百分比(y)可用y=sum from 0 to 4(a_iX~i)来表达,其中X为6～20时中每2小时的上限值,a_i为参数。将发情、妊娠和哺乳母猪的参数分别与后备母猪相比,得到的对应参数比值分别为1.06～1.16、0.24～0.19和9.54～0.62。仔猪平均每次拱奶时间为76.5秒,母猪每次放乳时间33.3秒,白天拱奶时间比夜晚长(P<0.01)。白天和夜晚分别每隔1.26和1.45小时哺乳1次。     

Metabolism of 15N-14C-acetylurea in the sheep]

3 male sheep (phi 48.3 kg) were fed a semisynthetic diet containing acetyl urea as sole protein source and 15N-14C labelled acetyl urea (urea-C labelled) by intraruminal tube. A half life period of 4 hrs was established for the removal of labelled acetyl urea from the TCE-soluble portion of the ruminal fluid. The degree of 14C labelling in ruminal proteins was very low whereas the extent of 15N labelled protein synthesis was quite marked reaching a maximum between the 18th and 24th hour of experiment. The steepest rise of 15N incorporation into ruminal proteins was found to occur between 8 to 12 hrs after start of the experiment, i.e. at the time of peak level of 15N returned from 15N urea via the rumino-hepatic circulation. 23.3% of the amount of 14C activity administered (mean of all 3 experimental animals) was excreted through respiration. The curve patterns of both isotopes in the TCE soluble portion of the ruminal fluid were similar to that of the degasified TCE soluble portion of the blood blasma. At the peak time (8 hrs) a concentration of the nitrogen isotope of about 4 atom% excess of 15N was observed. The level of 14C labeling in blood plasma proteins was insignificant when compared with that of 15N labelling. The ratio at the peak time was 1:10; the same ratio was found for ruminal proteins. From this it can be concluded that the process of labelling of blood plasma proteins proceeds mainly through microbial protein synthesis. Sheep I and III excreted an average of 60.6% of 14C activity and 57.0% of the administered excess of 15N in the urine. 6 hrs after the beginning of the experiment 81% of the amount of urinary 14C activity was found to occur as acetyl urea; after 48 hrs this amount had decreased to 50%. All experimental sheep excreted a urinary sediment consisting mainly of acetyl urea. The level of faecal 14C excretion (1.4%-2.9% of the amount administered) was considerably lower than that of 15N excretion (9.1%--15.6% of the administered dose). The TCE soluble fraction of the faeces contained up to 2% of the 14C dose and 3% of the 15N dose. The true digestibility data of 15N from 15N acetyl urea varied between 96.4% and 98.2%. An average of 40.9% was obtained for the 15N balance over the 7-day trial period.