几种豆制品中异黄酮含量的测定和分析Determination and Analysis of Isoflavone Content in Several Soybean Products

选取超市出售的几种豆制品,测定其异黄酮含量,了解豆制品中异黄酮的基本情况。结果表明,从豆制品干物质分析,豆腐丝中异黄酮含量最高、其次是内酯豆腐,再者为北豆腐,豆腐干较少,豆腐皮和豆腐泡依次更少,总体在129.19～770.99μg/g之间。豆制品的制作工艺可能是造成异黄酮含量差异的原因之一。多数豆制品中染料木素含量高出大豆苷元含量数倍,推测大豆苷元在加工过程中,比染料木素更容易损失。Isoflavone content of several soybean products were mensurated for investigated the basic isoflavone content. The results showed that the isoflavone content was 129.19-770.99μg / g dry weight. The isoflavone content of tofu silk was the highest content among the soybean products, followed by lactone tofu, north tofu, dried tofu, tofu skin and tofu bubble. The fifference of isoflavone content may be caused by product process. The genistein in most soybean products was more than daidzein about several times, presuming that daidzein was more easier loss than genistein in soybean processing.     

大豆种子发育过程中异黄酮含量的动态分析

为分析大豆种子发育过程中异黄酮含量的变化趋势,以6个大豆品种为试验材料,在北京夏播条件下种植,利用高效液相色谱仪测定不同发育阶段种子的异黄酮含量。结果表明,种子中异黄酮含量在品种间有一定差异,含量的高低与品种的生育期长短没有直接关系;异黄酮含量随着种子的发育进程逐渐增加,10月1日左右达到峰值,生育期短的品种成熟前含量达到最高,生育期长的品种,成熟前含量有降低的趋势;种子发育前期大豆苷元的合成和积累早于染料木素,而发育后期染料木素的合成积累增加迅速,成熟时染料木素含量超过大豆苷元含量。所以,大豆种子中染料木素含量一般高于大豆苷元含量。     

发酵处理对毛豆异黄酮苷元含量及其乙醇提取物抗氧化活性的影响

【目的】测定毛豆、发酵处理毛豆和大豆中的大豆苷元、黄豆黄素与染料木素3种异黄酮苷元以及多酚类化合物的总含量,并分析其乙醇提取物的抗氧化活性。【方法】利用回流法酸水解样品中的大豆异黄酮,通过高效液相色谱法测定大豆苷元、黄豆黄素和染料木素的含量;利用福林酚法测定3种样品中的多酚类物质总含量,并通过测定清除DPPH自由基、ABTS自由基和还原力比较样品乙醇提取物的抗氧化活性。【结果】毛豆、发酵处理毛豆和大豆的大豆苷元含量分别为255.96,286.04和358.08μg/g,黄豆黄素含量分别为57.96,65.51和59.73μg/g,染料木素含量分别为12.88,26.40和4.62μg/g。发酵处理毛豆中染料木素含量增加明显,分别为毛豆和大豆染料木素含量的2.05和5.71倍。发酵处理毛豆、大豆、毛豆中的多酚类化合物总含量分别为(3.31±0.138)mg/g、(1.148±0.028)mg/g和(2.69±0.011)mg/g,发酵处理毛豆的多酚类化合物含量约是大豆和毛豆的2.9和1.2倍。抗氧化活性比较表明,发酵处理毛豆清除ABTS自由基与DPPH自由基的能力优于大豆和毛豆。发酵处理毛豆、大豆和毛豆还原力大小依次表现为发酵处理毛豆毛豆大豆。【结论】经过发酵处理后,毛豆中的3种异黄酮含量均有所增加,但以染料木素的增加最为明显;发酵处理毛豆中多酚类化合物总含量升高,自由基清除活性增强。     

盐酸水解大豆异黄酮最佳工艺参数的研究

大豆异黄酮具有多种生理功效,但自然界中分布有限且不易为人体吸收。采用高效液相色谱法测定大豆苷元和染料木素含量,以水解后大豆苷元和染料木素在水解液中的浓度为指标从而确定大豆异黄酮水解效果。采用二次旋转正交试验设计研究大豆苷元、染料木素浓度与大豆异黄酮水解条件的关系,盐酸水解大豆异黄酮最佳工艺参数为:水解时间200min、水解温度95℃和水解盐酸浓度6mol.L-1。     

大豆异黄酮色谱检测技术研究进展

<正>0引言大豆异黄酮(soybean isoflavones)是大豆生长过程形成的次级代谢产物,被称为"植物雌激素",是大豆中一类重要的生理活性物质[1]。大豆异黄酮具有异黄酮类化合物典型结构,包括三种游离型异黄酮苷元和九种结合型大豆异黄酮。游离型异黄酮苷元是大豆异黄酮主要生理活性成分,包括染料木素(Genistein)、大豆苷元(Daidzein)和黄豆黄素(Glycitein);结合型大豆异黄酮分别为葡萄糖苷型异黄酮:染料木苷(Genistin)、黄豆苷(Daidzin)、大豆黄苷(Glycitin);乙酰基葡萄糖苷型异黄酮:乙酰基染料木苷(Acetylgenistin)、乙     

甘肃省大豆中异黄酮及组分与品质的相关性分析

利用高效液相色谱法(HPLC),对甘肃省种植的86份栽培品种和86份地方品种的大豆异黄酮、粗脂肪和蛋白质含量进行了检测,分析了大豆异黄酮与大豆主要品质性状的相关性。结果表明,总异黄酮含量与蛋白质含量呈负相关,与脂肪含量呈显著负相关;粗脂肪含量与大豆苷、大豆苷元、染料木苷和黄豆黄苷4种组分含量呈负相关。大豆总异黄酮含量与大豆苷、大豆苷元、染料木素和染料木苷含量呈极显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.520、0.268、0.462、0.969。     

不同光照条件下大豆幼苗和不同外植体获得愈伤组织中大豆苷元及染料木素的含量

通过对大豆幼苗光照培养和大豆不同外植体的组织培养,测定不同培养条件下大豆幼苗不同部位及不同外植体培养得到的愈伤组织中大豆苷元和染料木素的含量。结果表明：大豆幼苗光照培养30d时根中大豆苷元及染料木素含量分别是相应培养时间无光照条件根中的3.69倍和3.59倍;在光照培养30d真叶中大豆苷元和染料木素的含量也较高,仅次于根,是相同培养时间无光照条件真叶中大豆苷元和染料木素的含量的2倍。不同外植体培养得到的愈伤组织中,真叶培养得到愈伤组织培养60d时大豆苷元及染料木素的含量最高。正常光照条件下的大豆幼苗,其不同部位大豆苷元及染料木素含量高于对应部位得到的愈伤组织中大豆苷元及染料木素的含量。经过90d组织培养,真叶获得的愈伤组织中大豆苷元、染料木素的总含量较最初的外植体中的总含量分别增加了162.53倍和111.71倍。结合不同外植体诱导出的愈伤组织的重量增长情况。在愈伤组织培养90d时,根、子叶节、子叶作为外植体进行愈伤组织培养,生产大豆苷元及染料木素的效果最好。     

大豆及3种豆制品中大豆异黄酮组分的含量研究

[目的]建立高效液相色谱法测定大豆及3种豆制品中大豆异黄酮组分和含量的方法,研究其大豆异黄酮组分的差异。[方法]将供试样品用80%甲醇溶解提取,净化后用Wonda Sil C_(18)WR(4.6×250 mm,5μm)色谱柱分离,以乙腈和磷酸水溶液(p H 3.0)作为流动相,流速1 m L/min,柱温为40℃,用二极管阵列检测器在波长260 nm检测大豆异黄酮组分,用外标法进行定量。[结果]大豆及3种豆制品中大豆异黄酮的含量,大豆最高,其次是豆芽、豆腐、豆浆。供试样品的大豆异黄酮组分中大豆苷相关系数为0.997 2,黄豆黄苷相关系数为0.999 6,大豆苷元相关系数为0.994 7,黄豆黄素相关系数为0.999 1,染料木素相关系数为0.994 2,平行测定结果之差均低于算术平均值的10%。[结论]高效液相色谱法可用于豆制品中大豆异黄酮组分和含量检测。     

纳豆及其提取物生物活性物质测定

用紫外分光光度法、高效液相色谱法等方法分析纳豆及其提取物中皂甙、异黄酮及蛋白质含量。结果表明:与熟大豆相比,纳豆中大豆甙元、染料木素、皂甙及蛋白质等生物活性物质含量增高。成熟纳豆异黄酮总量、大豆甙元及染料木素含量分别是熟大豆含量的1.08倍、23.59倍和19.43倍,其中,成熟纳豆总异黄酮中异黄酮甙元的比例达81.55%。纳豆生物活性成分是其保健功能的物质基础。     

超高效液相色谱法测定大豆异黄酮的含量

采用超高效液相色谱法快速分离并测定了大豆异黄酮的含量。结果表明,大豆异黄酮的线性检测范围为1．0-9．0μg/ml;染料木素、大豆苷元,大豆甙、染料木甙的回收率分别为98．7％、98．1％、97．9％、97．8％,RSD分别为2．1％、1．8％、1．7％、1．3％。     

大豆异黄酮检测技术的研究

在介绍了大豆异黄酮成分结构的基础上,分析了几种主要测定方法的特点及应用范围,并完善了HPLC测定大豆异黄酮的方法。采用适宜的水解溶液和条件,将大豆中的染料木甙和大豆黄酮甙分解为染料木素和大豆黄酮,以染料木素和大豆黄酮为标准物质,利用高效液相色谱定性定量检测水解液中的染料木素和大豆黄酮,从而得出大豆异黄酮的含量。以2 mol/L的盐酸乙醇溶液为水解液,水解时间2 h。该方法快速、灵敏、重现性好,回收率达96%以上,RSD小于3%。     

Genetic Analysis of Embryo, Cytoplasm and Maternal Effects and Their Environment Interactions for Isoflavone Content in Soybean [Glycine max （L.） Merr.]

Soybean seed products contain isoflavones （genistein, daidzein, and glycitein） that display biological effects when ingested by humans and animals. These effects are species, dose and age dependent. Therefore, the content and quality of isoflavones in soybeans is a key factor to the biological effect. Our objective was to identify the genetic effects that underlie the isoflavone content in soybean seeds. A genetic model for quantitative traits of seeds in diploid plants was applied to estimate the genetic main effects and genotype x environment （GE） interaction effects for the isoflavone content （IC） of soybean seeds by using two years experimental data with an incomplete diallel mating design of six parents. Results showed that the IC of soybean seeds was simultaneously controlled by the genetic effects of maternal, embryo, and cytoplasm, of which maternal genetic effects were most important, followed by embryo and cytoplasmic genetic effects. The main effects of different genetic systems on IC trait were more important than environment interaction effects. The strong dominance effects on isoflavone from residual was made easily by environment conditions. Therefore, the improvement of the IC of soybean seeds would be more efficient when selection is based on maternal plants than that on the single seed. Maternal heritability （65.73%） was most important for IC, followed by embryo heritability （25.87%） and cytoplasmic heritability （8.39%）. Based on predicated genetic effects, Yudou 29 and Zheng 90007 were better than other parents for increasing IC in the progeny and improving the quality of soybean, The significant effects of maternal and embryo dominance effects in variance show that the embryo heterosis and maternal heterosis are existent and uninfluenced by environment interaction effects.     

Genetic Analysis of Combining Abilities and Heterosis for the Contents of Soybean Isoflavone and Its Components Among the Soybean Varieties [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]

The genetic analysis of soybean isoflavone content and its components were carried out based on the NC Ⅱ mating design in eight soybean varieties. The results showed that the isoflavone contents and its components of soybean seed are quite differences among the tested materials, the contents of isoflavone and daidzein are controlled not only by additive effects and but also by non-additive effects, while the content of genistin is dominated by non-additive effects,and genistein, glycitin and daidzin are mainly controlled by additive effects. There are significant differences in the contents of isoflavone and its components among the combinations derived from different parents. Results also indicated that the tested traits are negatively heterosis except for the contens of daidzein and daidzin are positively heterosis based on the data of the GCA and SCA in average heterosis values. In this research we have a suggestion that soybean variety with high isoflavone should be used as one of the parents in the breeding program, and it is the best choice that the combinations crossed between two high isoflavone varieties or a high variety and a low one.     

大豆异黄酮及其组分含量的配合力和杂种优势

 为了能在大豆异黄酮及其组分的育种中合理选配亲本，利用杂种优势，本研究选用8个异黄酮含量不同的大豆品种采用NCⅡ设计配置杂交组合，对大豆籽粒异黄酮及其组分含量进行遗传分析。研究结果表明，大豆籽粒异黄酮及其组分含量在供试品种间表现有明显的差异，籽粒异黄酮含量和黄豆甙元既受加性效应又受非加性效应的控制，染料木甙主要受非加性效应控制，染料木素、大豆甙元和大豆甙这3个性状的遗传主要受加性效应控制；不同亲本组配的不同组合的GCA和SCA差异较大。在中亲优势测定中，除黄豆甙元含量和大豆甙表现为正向超亲外，其余性状均表现为负向超亲。本研究认为在大豆高异黄酮育种中应选择高异黄酮材料作为亲本之一，选配组合时亲本最好采用高×高类型或高×低类型配置组合。     

Rapid HPLC Method for Determination of 12 Isoflavone Components in Soybean Seeds

It is important to determine the isoflavone components by high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)for the molecular assistant selection of isoflavone in soybean.Based on the standard samples of 12 isoflavone components,the isoflavone components were analyzed using the determination of absorbance peaks method by HPLC.The results showed that there were different maximum ultraviolet(UV)absorbance for the aglycones of daidzein,glycitein,and genistein,which were at 250,257,and 260 nm,respectively.A linear gradient elution of acetonitrile(13-30%)containing 0.1% acetic acid as a mobile phase was applied on a YMC-C18 column at 35℃.The 12 isoflavone components were determined using the UV detector by HPLC.We concluded that this is a rapid and precise method which adapted to determine the large numbers of samples with microanalysis.     

大豆异黄酮的分离鉴定与抗氧化作用的研究

利用硅胶柱层析和反相担体柱层析从大豆中提取分离到大豆甙元糖苷、染料木素糖苷、大豆甙元、染料木素4个异黄酮单体。大豆异黄酮主要由糖苷组成，含有少量的甙元。大豆甙元糖苷和染料木素糖苷具有几乎相同的极性，因此很难分离这两种化合物。利用分离到4个异黄酮单体进行抗指质过氧化（MDA0测定，得出抗氧化作用主要决定于染料木素异黄酮，其中染料木素作用强于其糖苷。     

吉林省栽培大豆品系异黄酮含量测定及其与大豆品质的相关性分析

[目的]建立一种采用高效液相色谱测定大豆籽粒中异黄酮含量的方法,并对大豆异黄酮含量与蛋白质和脂肪含量进行相关性分析。[方法]样品先用浓度80%甲醇提取,而后100℃水解;色谱分离使用反相C18分析柱二元高压梯度洗脱（分析时间25min）,柱温40℃;使用二极管阵列检测器检测,波长为260nm;大豆异黄酮含量与蛋白质和脂肪含量的相关性采用Origin6.0数据处理系统进行分析。[结果]经方法学验证建立的大豆异黄酮高效液相色谱方法准确、可靠;通过对85份吉林省栽培大豆品系的异黄酮含量测定,初步明确了吉林省栽培大豆品系异黄酮含量的特点及范围,大豆异黄酮含量变幅为2.29～4.89mg/g,平均含量为3.36mg/g,含量超过4mg/g的大豆品系5份;大豆异黄酮含量与蛋白质含量呈显著的负相关;大豆异黄酮含量与脂肪含量呈不显著的正相关。[结论]吉林省栽培大豆品系异黄酮含量较高,培育高异黄酮含量和高脂肪含量的大豆品种是可行的。