晋西北地区退耕还林社会效益研究

以晋西北实施退耕还林（草）的县为研究对象,通过对2001～2008年退耕还林工程调查,利用工程区人口、土地资源的分配两方面对社会效益的进行综合评价,为工程向更健康更科学的方向发展提供科学依据。     

小麦再高产育种方案的设计与探讨

小麦再高产育种涉及到的目标性状是众多的数量性状，要对这些数量性状同时进行改良并重新加以组装，进而育成产量水平有较大突破的新品种，必须首先突破原有的传统育种方法，在杂交手段和杂种后代处理这两个关键性技术环节上进行较大的改进。把轮回选择的理论和穿梭育种的方法综合运用到小麦再高产的育种实践中去，提出了小麦再高产育种的新方案，进一步强化了轮选穿梭思路在小麦育种实践中的可操作性，以期通过实践的检验，探索再高产育种的新途径。     

探讨西部地区农村图书馆的建设与发展

农村图书馆对农村的稳定、经济的繁荣、科技的进步以及丰富农民文化生活等方面至关重要。在分析西部农村图书馆自身特点基础上，对图书馆的建立、管理和可持续发展等方面探讨了相应的发展策略，期望西部农村图书馆尽快发挥应有的功效，服务于广大农民。     

《中国贵州山区社区自然资源管理》项目参与性评估报告

《中国贵州山区社区自然资源管理》项目已实施了近6年。为了解项目实施效果，于2000年12月18日和2001年1月3－4日，项目组与试验区及周边非试验区的干部村民一起对项目实施情况进行了参与性的综合评估。评估结果，使项目组研究人员与试验区村民对项目取得的成绩，存在问题及解决问题的办法达成了共识，为也进一步的推广研究提供了依据。     

延安市退耕还林生态效益评价

以延安市为研究区域,调查了延安市自1999年实施退耕还林工程9年来所取得的生态效益,并对生态效益进行了价值评估。研究结果表明,延安市退耕还林工程的实施极大地改善了生态环境。该工程所取得的涵养水源效益、净化空气和保护生物多样性效益随着退耕年限的增加而逐年增加。     

The 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule megathrust earthquake of Central Chile, monitored by GPS

Large earthquakes produce crustal deformation that can be quantified by geodetic measurements, allowing for the determination of the slip distribution on the fault. We used data from Global Positioning System (GPS) networks in Central Chile to infer the static deformation and the kinematics of the 2010 moment magnitude (M(w)) 8.8 Maule megathrust earthquake. From elastic modeling, we found a total rupture length of ~500 kilometers where slip (up to 15 meters) concentrated on two main asperities situated on both sides of the epicenter. We found that rupture reached shallow depths, probably extending up to the trench. Resolvable afterslip occurred in regions of low coseismic slip. The low-frequency hypocenter is relocated 40 kilometers southwest of initial estimates. Rupture propagated bilaterally at about 3.1 kilometers per second, with possible but not fully resolved velocity variations.     

宁夏中部干旱带农村饮水安全问题探讨

近年来,宁夏中部干旱带人畜饮水不安全问题日益突出,为尽快解决宁夏中部干旱带的饮水安全问题,宁夏完成了《宁夏中部干旱带农村饮水现状调查评估》报告,通过参加宁夏中部干旱带农村饮水现状评估,调查中部干旱带农村供水基本情况,了解到农村饮水安全面临的主要问题及分布区域,提出中部干旱带农村饮水安全问题工程规划的主要思路,阐述了从组织领导、水源水质管理、资金筹措、项目管理和建后管理等方面采取的保障措施.通过中部干旱带农村饮水工程规划、设计、施工、管理等的科学化和民主化,改善中部干旱带农村饮用水条件,实现饮水安全目标,进一步提高中部干旱带农村饮用水质量.     

Macroscopic separation of dense fluid phase and liquid phase of phosphorus

Structural transformation between a dense molecular fluid and a polymeric liquid of phosphorus that occurred at about 1 gigapascal and 1000 degrees C was investigated by in situ x-ray radiography. When the low-pressure fluid was compressed, dark and round objects appeared in the radiograph. X-ray diffraction measurements confirmed that these objects were the highpressure liquid. The drops grew and eventually filled the sample space. Decompressing caused the reverse process. The macroscopic phase separation supported the existence of a first-order phase transition between two stable disordered phases besides the liquid-gas transition. X-ray absorption measurements revealed that the change in density at the transition corresponds to about 40% of the density of the high-pressure liquid.     

脂肪酸与细胞凋亡的研究进展

近年来,国际上在脂肪酸对细胞的作用及可能机制方面做了大量研究。新近的研究结果表明,不同种类、结构的脂肪酸对于不同类型细胞会产生不同的影响,即使是对于相同细胞也有不同的作用。如饱和脂肪酸大多都可诱导胰岛β细胞、乳腺癌细胞、内皮细胞、神经细胞和生殖细胞等产生凋亡,而不饱和脂肪酸则没有这种作用或作用很小。由于细胞凋亡发生的机理不尽相同,因此研究范围广泛,侧重点亦不同。文章对脂肪酸诱导细胞凋亡以及可能的机制做一综述。     

The galileo venus encounter

The Galileo spacecraft passed Venus on its way to Jupiter on 10 February 1990, less than 4 months after launch from Earth aboard the shuttle Atlantis. Because Galileo's instruments were selected for broad-based planetary exploration, the spacecraft was able to obtain a wide range of measurements during the Venus encounter. Together with ground-based observations conducted during the encounter, these observations have yielded more accurate information about the planet's plasma environment, cloud patterns, and the possible existence of lightning.     

短期遮阴对茶树嘌呤碱、氨基酸和儿茶素生物合成的影响

研究了遮阴处理对茶树嘌呤碱、氨基酸和多酚类化合物生物合成的影响。对一年生茶树扦插苗短期遮阴处理后,通过高效液相色谱和荧光定量PCR技术分别对茶树三大代谢产物含量(嘌呤碱代谢,氨基酸代谢,多酚类代谢)及生物合成途径中关键基因的表达水平进行检测。结果表明,短期遮阴处理使得儿茶素总量略下调,可抑制咖啡碱的合成,大幅提高氨基酸的合成。遮阴8 d可以使其氨基酸总量增加58.5%,其中茶氨酸含量增加了近6倍。从基因表达差异分析来看,短期遮阴处理对一些基因的表达影响很大,如TCS1、PAL、F3'H和ANR2。遮阴处理对茶树扦插苗中嘌呤碱、氨基酸和多酚类化合物的生物合成有一定的影响作用。     

在不确定环境下战略期权对战略决策的应用研究

为了最大化企业的价值,企业在战略制定的时候不得不考虑到环境的变化而带来的机遇和风险。回顾了在前景不确定的环境下进行战略制定的理论,并对在这种不确定环境下进行战略制定所用到的经典工具进行了比较和评述。实物期权思想的引入,让管理者在项目的投资分析上,以最小的成本规避了潜在的巨大风险,让企业在利用可能的机会上没有任何的限制,然而,实物期权仍然应用于项目层面。在此基础上提出了与实物期权有所不同的战略期权思想,并在具体应用上提出了战略期权矩阵。     

河北省沧洲市园林绿化树种调查与树种选择

二次赴重盐碱地城市沧州市进行绿化树种调查，共调查树木１３４７株，分属２１科４７属。分析调查结果，并据沧州市的自然概况，选择沧州市的基调树种和各类型绿地的骨干树种。     

晋中市榆次区农村新能源建设——以王郝村大型沼气建设项目为例

通过对晋中市榆次区王郝村大型沼气工程的项目概况以及经济效益和社会效益的分析,发现榆次区目前在农村新能源建设方面存在的问题,并提出建议,以进一步推进榆次区农村新能源的建设和推广。     

山西省苜蓿产业化发展的再思考

大力推进苜蓿产业化发展是我国农业产业结构调整的必然要求,也是“三农”问题研究的重要课题。从分析山西发展苜蓿产业化在自然区位、政策支撑和经济比较三方面的优势出发,重点研究了目前存在的问题,针对性地提出了山西发展苜蓿产业应采取的对策。     

Matching behavior and the representation of value in the parietal cortex

Psychologists and economists have long appreciated the contribution of reward history and expectation to decision-making. Yet we know little about how specific histories of choice and reward lead to an internal representation of the "value" of possible actions. We approached this problem through an integrated application of behavioral, computational, and physiological techniques. Monkeys were placed in a dynamic foraging environment in which they had to track the changing values of alternative choices through time. In this context, the monkeys' foraging behavior provided a window into their subjective valuation. We found that a simple model based on reward history can duplicate this behavior and that neurons in the parietal cortex represent the relative value of competing actions predicted by this model.     

Beyond agriculture: the counter-hegemony of community farming

In this paper we seek to understand the interplay between increasingly widely held concerns about the hegemony of industrialized agriculture and the emergence of counter-hegemonic activities, such as membership of community supported agriculture (CSA) initiatives. Informed by Blackshaw’s (Leisure, Abingdon, Routledge, 2010) work on “liquid leisure,” we offer a new leisure-based conceptualization of the tactics of counter-hegemony, arguing in the process that food politics offers a rich site for new, transitional identity formation. Using a case study of a well-established community farm in southeast England, we demonstrate how the community members devote themselves to transient and inconsequential activities as a means of attempting to realize a larger self-related identity project. We also demonstrate how the seemingly close inter-personal bonds typical of CSA may not reflect the permanence accorded to them, with members able willingly to leave these communities once they can no longer progress their identity project. We conclude by arguing that our findings are emblematic of society in transition, with people moving well beyond the work/leisure activity into a world in which they embody the idea and the practice of being an active co-producer—in our case, of food. While recognizing that this does not necessarily mean that there is simple causality between practice and identity formation, we do argue that there is evidence of an increasing relationship between activity, time, and the performance of a new form of civil labor practice.     

养猪生产投资建设不确定性分析

文章分别采用敏感性分析和盈亏平衡分析两种方法,分析了猪场投资建设项目效益的可能变化。结果表明,该项目风险较小,具有一定的抗风险能力。     

如何确保小型农田水利工程建设的顺利进行

为了保障农业发展的基础建设顺利进行,应该尽可能使小型农田水利工程发挥最大效益,保证水利建设的顺利进行,主要从小型农田水利工程建设的重要性、目前小型农田水利工程建设中存在的问题以及解决小型农田水利工程建设问题的举措这三个方面进行分析.     

Inquiry for the public good: Democratic participation in agricultural research

In recent decades, constituenciesserved by land-grant agricultural research haveexperienced significant demographic and politicalchanges, yet most research institutions have not fullyresponded to address the concerns of a changingclientele base. Thus, we have seen continuingcontroversies over technologies produced by land-grantagricultural research. While a number of scholars havecalled for a more participatory agricultural scienceestablishment, we understand little about the processof enhancing and institutionalizing participation inthe US agricultural research enterprise. We firstexamine some of the important issues surroundingcitizen participation in science and technologypolicy. We then review and assess variousinstitutional mechanisms for participation that havebeen implemented in diverse settings by institutionsof science and technology. Based on evidence from theexperiences of these institutions, we argue that acloser approximation of the ‘public good’ can beachieved by encouraging the participation of thefullest range possible of constituents as an integralpart of the process of setting research priorities.