猪IGFBP2基因遗传多态性及其与肉质性状的关联分析

试验旨在探究胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白2（insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2,IGFBP2）基因遗传变异对猪肉质性状的影响,为猪品种选育提供遗传学依据。参考GenBank中猪IGFBP2基因序列（登录号：BV727778）设计1对引物,采用PCR-RFLP技术检测IGFBP2基因在苏姜猪、姜曲海猪、长白猪中的遗传多态性,并分析基因座多态性与猪肉质性状的相关性。结果发现,3个猪种IGFBP2基因内含子3均具有Msp Ⅰ酶切多态性,分别检测到3种基因型：AA、AB和BB;χ²适合性检验显示,3个猪种IGFBP2基因基因型分布均处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态（P > 0.05）;多态信息含量（PIC）分析显示,3个猪种均为中度多态。IGFBP2基因不同基因型与肉质性状关联分析显示,3个猪种不同基因型肉色、肌内脂肪含量、大理石纹差异显著,AA基因型肉色（姜曲海猪除外）、肌内脂肪含量均显著高于AB、BB基因型（P < 0.05）;AA、AB基因型大理石纹显著高于BB基因型（P < 0.05）,其余指标间差异不显著（P > 0.05）。综上,苏姜猪、姜曲海猪、长白猪IGFBP2基因内含子3多态性对肉质性状影响显著,可作为潜在影响猪肉质性状的候选基因。     

肉牛PRKAG3基因多态性及其与胴体和肉质性状的关联分析

本研究以晋南牛、鲁西牛、西门塔尔、安格斯、海福特、利木赞和夏洛莱7个品种共267头肉牛为试验材料,采用PCR-RFLP技术检测PRKAG3基因多态性,找到了PRKAG3基因DNA序列中的2个突变位点T2643C和T2885C(DQ082736),同属第4内含子.2个基因多态性位点与肉牛胴体和肉质共9个性状的关联分析表明:PRKAG3基因T2885C变异位点的3个基因型间嫩度性状差异显著(P<0.05),CC基因型最dx-乘均值显著低于CD和DD基因型最dx-乘均值.本研究结果可为肉牛肉质性状标记辅助选择提供依据.     

猪CDIPT基因对肉质和胴体性状的影响

本研究对大白猪、长白猪和梅山猪CDIPT基因5'端G/A突变进行了多态性研究.采用PCR-Taq I-RFLP方法在3个不同猪种和"大白×梅山"F2代资源家系中进行遗传分析.结果表明,等位基因A和B在4个群体中表现平衡.对228头"大白×梅山"F2代资源家系进行了CDIPT基因多态性与肉质和胴体性状的关联分析,结果表明该位点AA基因型个体在股二头肌色值、股二头肌大理石纹评分和肌内水分含量性状上表现为显著差异(P<0.05);BB基因型在肩部背膘厚、眼肌厚度和内脂比率性状上表现为显著差异(P<0.05).     

典型基因型猪胴体与肉质性状差异性分析

为研究4种基因型猪在相同营养水平和环境条件下胴体和肉质性状的差异,选择来源相同、日龄相近、体重约8kg的健康去势荣昌猪、长×荣、渝荣Ⅰ号猪配套系（CRP）及杜长大（DLY）公猪各24头。每个基因型为1个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复4头猪,体重达10kg起进行饲养试验,体重达80kg饲养试验结束。每个重复选择1头接近目标体重的猪只进行屠宰,测定胴体及肉质性状。结果表明：①荣昌猪及长×荣肉质优良,表现出肌肉pH较高、失水率较低、粗脂肪含量及肌苷酸含量较高等优点,但胴体性状差;渝荣Ⅰ号及杜长大胴体性状优良,但肉质性状稍差。②在较低营养水平条件下,渝荣Ⅰ号及杜长大既能表现出优良的胴体性状,又能表现出较好的肉质。③胴体性状与肉质性状间存在显著或极显著相关性。     

延边黄牛PLIN基因多态性及其与胴体和肉质性状的相关性分析

为探究延边黄牛脂滴包被蛋白（perilipin,PLIN）基因遗传多态性及其对胴体和肉质性状的影响,试验选取70头30月龄健康延边黄牛公牛,采集颈静脉血液及其12~13肋间背最长肌以提取延边黄牛DNA样本,并测定胴体与肉质性状,采用直接测序方法检测PLIN基因SNP位点,结合延边黄牛胴体、肉质数据与PLIN基因遗传多态性进行关联分析。结果显示,在延边黄牛PLIN基因外显子3 103与156 bp处存在2个突变位点：g.103 C→T和g.156 T→C,均为错义突变。g.103 C→T位点存在CC、CT两种基因型,CC基因型为优势基因型（0.81）,C基因为优势等位基因（0.90）,表现为CT基因型个体脂肪含量、宰前重、胴体重、背膘厚均显著高于CC基因型个体（P<0.05）;g.156 T→C位点存在TC、TT两种基因型,TT基因型为优势基因型（0.83）,T基因为优势等位基因（0.92）,表现为TC基因型个体的宰前重、胴体重及背膘厚均显著高于TT基因型个体（P<0.05）。卡方检验结果表明,延边黄牛在PLIN基因外显子3的2个SNPs位点均达到Hardy-Weinberg平衡（P>0.05）,杂合度较低,属于低度多态（PIC<0.25）。综上,PLIN基因g.103 C→T和g.156 T→C位点对延边黄牛部分胴体与肉质性状存在一定影响,该位点可作为延边黄牛胴体、肉质性状的潜在标记,PLIN基因可以作为延边黄牛品种选育的候选基因和潜在分子标记。     

PLIN基因多态性与秦川牛胴体、肉质性状的相关性研究

旨在研究PLIN基因第3、4外显子多态性与秦川牛部分产肉性状的关系。以相同饲养条件下18~24月龄的405头秦川牛为研究对象,利用PCR-SSCP方法和测序技术,对PLIN基因第3、4外显子进行SNPs位点检测,并将发现的SNPs位点与部分产肉性状进行关联性分析。结果,在第3外显子的156 bp处发生T→C突变,第4外显子的14 bp处发生C→T突变。方差分析表明:AB基因型个体的宰前活体质量、胴体质量、背膘厚和眼肌面积显著高于AA和BB基因型个体(P0.05),而且相对于AA基因型个体达到差异极显著水平(P0.01);DE基因型个体的胴体长、胴体胸深和背膘厚显著高于DD和EE基因型个体(P0.05),DD基因型个体的肌肉嫩度极显著高于EE和DE基因型个体(P0.01)。研究显示,PLIN基因单核苷酸多态性对秦川牛脂肪沉积有一定的影响,可作为影响胴体和肉质的候选基因,指导肉牛的育种工作。     

猪CACNA1S基因的多态性与胴体及肉质性状的相关分析

以金华猪（40头）、皮特兰猪（30头）及其杂交产生的金皮F2代资源猪群（126头）为材料,对钙离子通道主亚基α1的编码基因（CACNA1S）第44外显子A187G突变、第37内含子A37G突变、T179C突变作PCR—RFLP检测（内切酶依次为Cfr42Ⅰ、XbaⅠ、Eco72Ⅰ）,分析其对胴体及肉质性状的遗传效应。结果表明：酶切位点Eeo72J的AA基因型对眼肌面积和肉色（L）存在极显著影响（P〈0．01）,BB基因型对后腿肌肉重存在极显著影响（P〈0．01）和大腿pH存在显著影响（0．01〈P〈0．05）;位点Xba Ⅰ对背膘厚（中）存在显著影响（0．01〈P〈0．05）,但AA、AB、BB基因型间效应差异不显著（P〉0．05）;位点Cfr 42Ⅰ仅在金华、皮特兰纯种猪群中存在多态性,而在屠宰猪群金皮F2代则表现为BB单态型。     

柯乐猪与大白猪胴体性状、肉质性状研究及相关性分析

为探究地方品种柯乐猪与引进品种大白猪的种质特性,试验从2个品种中分别选择19头和12头进行胴体及肉质性状等相关指标的测定,并进行性状间相关性分析。相关性分析表明,柯乐猪和大白猪的宰前活重与胴体重均极显著正相关(P<0.01),瘦肉率与宰前活重均显著负相关(P<0.05);柯乐猪眼肌的L_45min*与b_45min*呈极显著正相关(r=0.701,P <0.01),大白猪眼肌的L_45min*与b_45min*呈显著正相关(r=0.671,P <0.05)。结果表明,在相同饲养环境条件下,大白猪的胴体性能优于柯乐猪,但柯乐猪肉质优于大白猪,性状间也存在一定的相关性。     

猪HK2基因第17外显子多态与胴体和肉质性状的相关性研究

采用PCR—RFLP技术,分析了HK2基因第17外显子中MspI的酶切突变多态位点（A171G）在6个群体186头猪中的多态性分布及其与胴体性状和肉质性状间的相关性。研究结果表明：3个纯种猪群和3个杂交猪群中A和B等位基因频率分布情况较一致,均为B等位基因占绝对优势;在6个群体中,没有发现AA基因型个体,AB与BB基因型效应与胴体长、肋骨数和眼肌面积的相关性极显著（P〈0．01）,与肩部背膘厚、胸腰椎间背膘厚、三点平均背膘厚、眼肌高度、眼肌宽度、肥肉率、瘦肉率和肌内脂肪等性状的相关显著（P〈0．05）。该位点是否可用作改良猪胴体、肉质性状的标记位点并在标记辅助选择中加以应用还有待进一步的研究。     

Polymorphism of IGFBP2 Gene and Its Association with Meat Quality Traits in Pigs

This study was aimed to analyze the genetic variation of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP2) gene effect on meat quality traits in pigs. A pair of primer was designed,which based on DNA sequence of IGFBP2 gene (GenBank accession No.:BV727778). The genetic polymorphism of IGFBP2 gene was detected by PCR-RFLP in Sujiang pig, Jiangquhai pig and Landrace pig, and the association between IGFBP2 gene polymorphism and meat quality traits in three pig breeds was analyzed. The results showed that three genotypes (AA, AB and BB) were detected. The Chi-square test results showed that the genotype distribution of three pig breeds was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P > 0.05). The polymorphism information content (PIC) were moderately polymorphic in three pig breeds. According to the association analysis of different genotypes, significant difference was found in color value, intramuscular fat content and marbling, the color value (except for Jianquhai pig) and intramuscular fat content of AA genotype were significantly higher than AB and BB genotypes (P < 0.05), the marbling of AA and AB genotypes was significantly higher than BB genotype (P < 0.05). In conclusion,the polymorphism of IGFBP2 gene intron 3 had significant effects on meat quality traits, and was candidate gene for the potential impact on meat quality traits of pigs.     

猪FRZB、ABCF1基因多态性与生长性状的关联分析

FRZB基因通过抑制Wnt信号途径调控细胞生长,ABCF1(也称为ABC50)结合e IF2,在翻译起始中发挥着重要的作用,可作为猪生长性状相关的候选基因。本研究采用直接测序法检测FRZB基因和ABCF1基因5'非翻译区中单核苷酸多态性(SNPs)基因型分布,并分析基因型与生长性状的相关性。结果表明:在美系大白猪中,FRZB基因位点ins(A-532G)多态性与背膘厚呈极显著相关(P0.01),与体长接近显著水平(P=0.05);ABCF1基因254A/G多态性与背膘厚、左乳头数和右乳头数均呈显著相关(P0.05);在法系大白中,ABCF1基因254A/G多态性与初生重呈显著相关(P0.05)。结果表明,FRZB和ABCF1基因是潜在的影响猪生长性状的候选基因。     

猪MyoG基因的多态性及其对岔路黑猪胴体和肉质的影响研究

应用PCR-RFLP技术分析了岔路黑猪（56头）、嘉兴黑猪（50头）和Ⅰ系金华猪（109头）群体中MyoG基因的基因频率和基因型频率分布,测定了21头纯种岔路黑猪的胴体和肉质性状,并采用一般线性模型分析了MyoG基因型与以上性状的相关性。结果表明：岔路猪群体中AA型纯合子占绝大多数（84％）,BB型纯合子最少（4％）,A基因频率占90％;嘉兴黑猪群体中只有一种基因型（AA）;而金华猪（Ⅰ系）群体中BB与AB基因型频率相当（分别为45％、46％）,B基因频率大约为A基因频率的2倍。MyoG基因对岔路猪胴体重、后腿重、胴体长等胴体性状有显著影响,但对岔路猪肉质性状无显著影响。     

Polymorphism of PLIN Gene and Its Associaton with Carcass and Meat Quality Traits in Yanbian Yellow Cattle

This experiment was conducted to explore the association between perilipin (PLIN) gene and carcass and meat quality traits in Yanbian Yellow cattle.In this study,70 30-month-old healthy Yanbian Yellow cattle were used as experimental materials,the blood of jugular vein and its 12-13 intercostal longissimus muscle dorsi were collected to extract DNA samples of Yanbian Yellow cattle,and determine the carcass and meat quality characteristics.The SNP of PLIN gene was detected by direct sequencing,and the correlation analysis was conducted based on the carcass and meat quality data of Yanbian Yellow cattle and the genetic polymorphism of PLIN gene.The results showed that there were 2 SNPs of PLIN gene exon 3 in Yanbian Yellow cattle:g.103 C→T and g.156 T→C,both of them were missense mutations.g.103 C→T contained two genotypes:CC and CT,CC genotype was the dominant genotype,the genotype frequency was 0.81,C was the dominant allele,the gene frequency was 0.90.The intramuscular fat,pre slaughter weight,carcass weight and back fat thickness of CT genotype was significantly higher than those of CC genotype(P<0.05).g.156 T→C contained two genotypes:TT and TC,TT genotype was the dominant genotype,the genotype frequency was 0.83,T was the dominant allele,the gene frequency was 0.92.The pre slaughter weight,carcass weight and back fat thickness of TC genotype were significantly higher than those of TT genotype (P<0.05).Chi square test showed that the two SNPs of PLIN gene in Yanbian Yellow cattle reached Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P>0.05),and belonged to low polymorphism (PIC<0.25).In conclusion,g.103 C→T and g.156 T→C of PLIN gene had potential effect on carcass and meat quality traits in Yanbian Yellow cattle,and could be used as a candidate gene and potential molecular marker of Yanbian Yellow cattle.     

Polymorphism of MyoG Gene Exon 1 and Its Association Analysis with Meat Quality Traits in Sheep

Myogenin (MyoG) gene plays a central regulatory role in the process of muscle cell differentiation, which directly affects meat production capacity of animal. In this study, 6 sheep varieties including Large-tail Han sheep, Small-tail Han sheep, Yuxizhiwei sheep, Lanzhou fat-tailed sheep, Mongolia sheep and Tong sheep were selected as experimental materials to detect the polymorphism of MyoG gene exon 1 by non denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and analyze the association analysis between the polymorphism of MyoG gene exon 1 and meat quality traits in sheep. The results showed that 2 alleles (A, B) and 3 genotypes (AA, BB, AB) were detected in MyoG gene exon 1 of six sheep populations. The A allele frequency in Small-tail Han sheep, Large-tail Han sheep, Yuxizhiwei sheep, Lanzhou fat-tailed sheep, Mongolia sheep and Tong sheep were 0.5167, 0.2500, 0.4375, 0.6500, 0.5750 and 0.7125, respectively, the B allele frequency of six sheep populations were 0.4833, 0.7500, 0.5625, 0.3500, 0.4250 and 0.2875, respectively. MyoG gene exon 1 mainly affected the moisture and color of mutton, the moisture content of BB genotype was significantly higher than that of AB genotype (P< 0.01) and AA genotype (P< 0.05). The color of AB genotype was significantly higher than that of BB genotype (P< 0.01) and AA genotype (P< 0.05).     

绵羊MyoG基因外显子1的多态性及其与肉质性状的关联分析

肌细胞生成素（myogenin,MyoG）基因在肌细胞分化过程中起着中心调节作用,直接影响着动物的产肉能力。本研究以大尾寒羊、小尾寒羊、豫西脂尾羊、兰州大尾羊、蒙古羊、同羊6个绵羊品种为试验材料,利用非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳检测MyoG基因外显子1的多态性,并与绵羊的肉质性状进行关联分析,探讨MyoG基因外显子1对绵羊肉质性状的影响。结果表明,MyoG基因外显子1在6个绵羊群体中均检测到3种基因型（AA、BB、AB）和2个等位基因（A、B）,在小尾寒羊、大尾寒羊、豫西脂尾羊、兰州大尾羊、蒙古羊、同羊群体中检测到MyoG基因外显子1的A等位基因频率分别为：0.5167、0.2500、0.4375、0.6500、0.5750和0.7125,MyoG基因外显子1的B等位基因频率分别为：0.4833、0.7500、0.5625、0.3500、0.4250和0.2875。MyoG基因外显子1主要对羊肉的水分和色泽有影响,主要表现为BB基因型水分极显著高于AB基因型（P< 0.01）,显著高于AA基因型（P< 0.05）;AB基因型的色泽极显著高于BB基因型（P< 0.01）,显著高于AA基因型（P< 0.05）。     

宁乡猪及杜宁二元杂种猪的胴体与肉质性状测定

为评价宁乡猪和杜洛克猪的杂交效果,本实验分别测定了91头宁乡猪和76头杜宁二元杂种猪的胴体性状和肉质性状指标,并对不同性状指标进行相关性分析.结果 表明:在胴体性状方面,与宁乡猪相比,杜宁二元杂种猪的体直长、体斜长、胴体重、肋骨数和眼肌面积极显著提高,背膘厚和皮厚极显著降低;在肉质性状方面,杜宁二元杂种猪的肉色红度(a...     

含黔东花猪血缘的不同杂交组合商品黑猪屠宰及肉质性状测定

为研究巴克夏（B）、皮特兰（P）、太湖猪（T）和黔东花猪（H）组合（BPTH）及巴克夏（B）、杜洛克（D）、太湖猪（T）和黔东花猪（H）组合（BDTH）商品猪胴体和肉质性状,试验对其屠宰性能和肉质性状进行了测定。结果表明,2种组合瘦肉率分别为（55.72±2.260）%和（50.913±2.026）%;平均背膘厚分别为（3.448±0.433）mm和（3.717±0.525）mm;眼肌面积为（53.557±14.377）cm2和（46.796±5.199）cm2;大理石纹均为3.5±0;滴水损失分别为（1.933±0.873）%和（7.667±3.216）%;剪切力分别为（0.616±0.444）kg和（1.12±0.655）kg。综合测定结果说明,BPTH表现出相对优越的胴体品质和肉质性状,是一种较为优质的黑猪杂交组合模式。