1-MCP extends the storage and shelf life of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) fruit

Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) fruit were harvested when the peel (pericarp) was light greenish yellow with scattered pinkish spots. Fruit were exposed to 1 μL L⁻¹ 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) for 6 h at 25 °C and were then stored at 25 °C (control) or 15 °C. The 1-MCP treatment only temporarily delayed softening of the fruit flesh, during storage. Storage life, defined as the time until the pericarp was dark purple, was much longer in fruit stored at 15 °C than in fruit stored at 25 °C. It was also longer in 1-MCP treated fruit (storage life at 15 °C: control 18 d, 1-MCP-treated fruit 27 d). The 1-MCP treatment also increased the length of shelf life, defined as the time until the pericarp turned blackish purple or showed calyx wilting, at 25 °C. 1-MCP treatment reduced ethylene production. It also reduced pericarp levels of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), and the pericarp activities of ACC synthase (ACS) and ACC oxidase (ACO). In the fruit flesh, in contrast, 1-MCP did not affect ACC levels and ACS activity, but the treatment reduced ACO activity. Taken together, both the storage life and the shelf life of the fruit were extended by the 1-MCP treatment. A decrease in ACO activity largely accounted for the effects of the 1-MCP on ethylene production in the pericarp.     

Effect of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) on storage life of durian fruit

Fruit of cv. Monthong durian (Durio zibethinus) were treated with 0 (control) or 500 nL L⁻¹ 1-MCP for 12 h at 25 °C. Fruit were then stored at 15 °C. To determine storage life, every 3 days a batch of fruit was transferred to 25 °C. The time to ripeness (adequate eating quality) at 25 °C in controls (no 1-MCP) decreased from 5 days in freshly harvested fruit to 3 days after 18 days of storage at 15 °C. Storage life was considered adequate if the time to ripeness was ≥3 days. The storage life at 15 °C of control fruit (no 1-MCP) was therefore 18 days. After the 1-MCP treatment the time to ripeness at 25 °C was 7 days in fresh fruit, while in fruit stored at 15 °C for 30 days it was about 3 days. The storage life at 15 °C of 1-MCP-treated fruit was therefore 30 days. Pulp firmness and pulp total soluble solids (TSS) were determined after 3 day storage intervals at 15 °C and when the fruit was ripe at 25 °C. These parameters were only slightly affected by the 1-MCP treatment. Furthermore, 1-MCP had no effect on pulp color, but delayed yellowing of the fruit exterior. It is concluded that treatment with 1-MCP before storage at 15 °C extended storage life from 18 to 30 days.     

Cold pre-treatment is effective for 1-MCP efficacy in ‘Tsugaru’ apple fruit

1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) treatment maintains apple fruit quality during storage, but its efficacy is dependent on a number of conditions. ‘Tsugaru’ apples are a major early season cultivar in Japan, but because ‘Tsugaru’ fruit produce abundant ethylene, they have a short shelf-life, and efficacy of 1-MCP is not as high with ‘Tsugaru’ as with other cultivars. To improve 1-MCP efficacy, ‘Tsugaru’ fruit were pre-cooled at −1 °C or −3 °C for 24 h before 1-MCP treatment. Ethylene production decreased with the cold treatment, resulting in better storage after 1-MCP treatment. Although ethylene production was low at the end of 24 h of the cold pre-treatment, expression of ACS1, the ethylene receptor genes ERS1, ETR1(a), ETR1b, ETR2 and ETR5, and the cell wall degradation-related gene PG1 all increased with a 24 h cold treatment. It is assumed that these elevated gene expression levels were not caused by ethylene, but more directly by cold stimulus. Thus, a short period of cold stimulus suppresses ethylene production, but induces expression of some genes. 1-MCP treatment was more effective with some initial fruit chilling.     

Internal ethylene concentrations in apple fruit at harvest affect persistence of inhibition of ethylene production after 1-methylcyclopropene treatment

Factors that affect the efficacy of 1-methycyclopropene (1-MCP) treatment of apples [Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill var. domestica (Borkh.) Mansf.] include cultivar and maturity. In this study, ‘McIntosh’, ‘Cortland’ and ‘Empire’ apples were categorized by internal ethylene concentrations (IECs) at harvest, treated with 1 μL L⁻¹ 1-MCP, and the IECs of individual fruit followed at 30 d intervals during air storage at 0.5 °C for 90 d. IECs at harvest ranged from <0.5 μL L⁻¹ to ≥100 μL L⁻¹, 51 < 100 μL L⁻¹, and 10 < 50 μL L⁻¹ for ‘McIntosh’, ‘Cortland’ and ‘Empire’, respectively. 1-MCP treatment resulted in a decrease of IECs in fruit of all cultivars by day 30 after harvest. During subsequent storage IECs remained low in fruit with <1 μL L⁻¹ at harvest, but in ‘McIntosh’, ‘Cortland’ increased in proportion to IECs at harvest, but not in ‘Empire’. The importance of initial IECs in fruit on the persistence of 1-MCP inhibition of ethylene production was confirmed in a further experiment, in which IECs in untreated and 1-MCP treated ‘McIntosh’ and ‘Empire’ apples were measured for up to 194 d. 1-MCP also decreased 1-aminocyclopropene-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) concentrations in fruit. The results of our study are consistent with the hypothesis that IEC modulates the sensitivity of climacteric fruit to 1-MCP.     

A novel technique using 1-MCP microbubbles for delaying postharvest ripening of banana fruit

This study aimed to investigate the application of microbubble technology for delaying banana ripening. A preparation of 1-MCP designed for use as a form of aqueous micro bubble (MBs) solutions was formulated. Banana fruit were immersed in 500 nL L⁻¹ of aqueous 1-MCP microbubbles (1-MCP-MBs) or fumigated with 500 nL L⁻¹ 1-MCP, then stored at 25 °C for 8 days. 1-MCP-MBs were more effective in delaying postharvest ripening than conventional 1-MCP fumigation. 1-MCP-MBs reduced the respiration rate and ethylene production compared to the control and 1-MCP fumigated fruit. Moreover, 1-MCP-MBs delayed yellowing and maintained firmness of banana fruit during storage. These results indicate that 1-MCP-MBs can be used as an alternative method for delaying the postharvest ripening of banana fruit, and its application for other commodities needs to be further elucidated.     

1-MCP与MAP处理对酥梨半地下通风库贮后货架期品质的影响

研究经1-MCP与MAP处理在半地下通风库贮藏6个月后酥梨果实货架期品质的变化.结果表明,与对照相比,1-MCP处理及PE微孔保鲜膜MAP处理均能明显降低贮后货架期酥梨果实的呼吸速率和乙烯释放量,很好地保持果实的硬度,延缓可溶性固形物和可滴定酸含量的下降,抑制乙醇的产生,延缓衰老,降低黑心指数及腐烂率,较好地保持果实的...     

不同浓度1-甲基环丙烯处理对蓝莓贮藏品质的影响

为探究不同浓度1-甲基环丙烯（1-MCP）结合自发气调包装（MAP）对蓝莓冷藏期间保鲜效果的影响,以‘莱克西’蓝莓为试材,采后2 h内入预冷库,装入气调箱并对其进行0.5、1.0、1.5μL/L 1-MCP处理,冷链车运输96 h后入冰温库（（-0.5±0.3）℃）贮藏,每10 d测定蓝莓的品质指标、生理指标和挥发性成分。结果表明：MAP结合3种浓度1-MCP处理均能延缓蓝莓果实硬度的下降,保持相对较高的花色苷、VC、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸含量,抑制呼吸峰值和乙烯生成速率。利用SPSS主成分分析得出各处理的保鲜效果排序为：MAP+1.0μL/L 1-MCP>MAP+1.5μL/L 1-MCP>MAP+0.5μL/L 1-MCP>MAP。在蓝莓贮藏过程中醛类（52.34%～86.13%）和萜类（7.26%～32.44%）是其主要挥发性成分,MAP+1.0μL/L 1-MCP处理的蓝莓果实能保持较高的醛类物质和萜类物质相对含量。综上,MAP结合1.0μL/L1-MCP处理对蓝莓的保鲜效果最佳。     

1-MCP处理对山芹货架期品质的影响

为研究1-MCP处理对山芹货架期品质的影响,在常温（25 ℃）条件下以不同浓度的1-MCP处理（1、2、4 μL/L）山芹,测定其褐变度、黄化率、叶绿素、总酚、黄酮及抗氧化活性等指标,比较外观品质的变化。结果表明,1-MCP处理可显著延缓山芹叶绿素、总酚及黄酮含量的下降,抑制黄化和褐变,有效保持山芹货架期品质,货架6 d时仍保持较好的外观品质,其中4 μL/L 1-MCP处理的保鲜效果优于1 μL/L和2 μL/L处理。     

常温货架期间油桃果实不同部位对1-MCP的响应

采用1-MCP对油桃进行处理,于果顶和赤道两个部位取样,研究其对1-MCP的响应及对常温(25℃)货架品质的影响。结果表明,1-MCP处理可有效抑制油桃果实的软化,特别是延缓果顶部位的软化,降低其呼吸强度、VC含量、纤维素酶、多聚半乳糖醛酸酶活性,提高果实还原糖和可滴定酸含量,但对可溶性固形物含量、色差、果胶含量、果胶甲酯酶活性无显著影响。     

1-MCP处理对保鲜效果的研究乍娜葡萄常温货架期

以乍娜葡萄为试材,研究0.5μL/L和1.0μL/L两种浓度的1-MCP处理对葡萄采后常温(25±0.5)℃货架期的主要品质及相关生理指标的作用效果。结果表明:两种浓度的1-MCP处理均能在不同程度上降低常温贮藏条件下葡萄果实的腐烂率、脱粒率、果梗褐变指数和果穗失重率,延缓葡萄果实可溶性固形物和VC含量的下降,抑制货架后期可滴定酸含量的增加,提高果实货架期的品质。其中以1μL/L浓度1-MCP处理的作用效果为好。     

1-MCP对贮藏酥梨品质的影响

为了延长贮藏酥梨货架期品质,以酥梨果实为试材,研究了0.5 μL/L和1.0 μL/L 1-MCP 2种浓度对通风库贮藏酥梨货架期品质的影响。处理果实与对照相比,能较好维持原有外观品质;处理果实呼吸强度和乙烯释放量比对照都有所降低。0.5 μL/L处理效果较明显,果实呼吸强度最低比对照降低24%;1 μL/L处理乙烯释放量最低比对照降低53%,0.5 μL/L处理比对照最低下降了31%。1-MCP处理能延缓果实硬度和可溶性固形物的下降,0.5 μL/L处理果实硬度平均比对照高4.6%,1.0 μL/L处理果实硬度平均比处理高8.6%;0.5 μL/L处理果实可溶性固形物含量与对照有明显差异,最低可下降13%。综合来看,0.5 μL/L对延长地下通风库酥梨货架期有较好的效果。     

1-MCP处理对新疆石榴贮藏品质的影响

分别用质量分数0.5,1.0,2.0 mg/kg的1-MCP对采后新疆石榴进行处理,在(2±1)℃下冷藏。贮期测定了籽粒还原糖含量、可滴定酸含量、抗坏血酸含量、果皮单宁含量、褐变指数及商品果率,并在贮藏末期感官鉴评。结果表明,1-MCP有利于保持喀什甜石榴原有的营养成分和风味物质,降低腐烂率,延长贮藏期限,其中以10 mg/kg的壳聚糖涂膜处理效果最好。     

The effects of ethylene, 1-MCP and AVG on sprouting in sweetpotato roots

Exogenous ethylene is commonly used as a commercial sprouting inhibitor of potato tubers. The role of ethylene in the control of sprouting of sweetpotato roots, however, is not known. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of ethylene in control of sprouting in sweetpotato roots by observing the effect of an ethylene synthesis inhibitor, aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG), and the ethylene antagonist, 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), in the presence and absence of exogenous ethylene on root sprouting and associated sugar accumulation. Continuous exposure to 10 μl L⁻¹ ethylene, 24 h exposure to 625 nl L⁻¹ 1-MCP or dipping in 100 μl L⁻¹ AVG all inhibited sprout growth in sweetpotato roots of two varieties over 4 weeks of storage at 25 °C. The observations that both ethylene on its own and 1-MCP, which inhibits ethylene action, inhibit sprout growth indicate that while continuous exposure to exogenous ethylene leads to sprout growth inhibition, ethylene is also required for sprouting. In potato tubers ethylene is required to break dormancy, while continuous exposure inhibits sprout growth.Monosaccharide concentrations in ethylene, 1-MCP or AVG treated roots were lower than in untreated roots, and for ethylene treated roots this was associated with higher respiration rates. This is consistent with the activation of some additional process by ethylene which uses energy through sugar metabolism. 1-MCP and AVG both inhibited this increase in respiration rate and counteracted the decrease in monosaccharide concentrations. 1-MCP presumably counteracts the ethylene stimulation of this process, while the effect of AVG is attributed to its possible inhibitory effects on protein synthesis.     

1-MCP对鸭梨贮藏期间生理品质变化的影响

研究了常温(20℃)和冷藏(0℃)条件下不同浓度1-MCP处理对黄金梨采后贮藏品质及保鲜效果的影响.研究结果表明,1-MCPO(1-Methylcyclopmpene)处理能显著地降低黄金梨果实呼吸强度,降低黄金梨果实冷藏期间的乙烯释放量.0～1℃贮藏180天+20℃7天或20℃30天,明显地延缓黄金梨果实的硬度、可溶性固形物含量和可滴定酸含量的下降,有利于果实外观、风味的保持和梨果柄保绿.1-MCP处理对黄金梨果实长期贮藏保鲜效果较为明显.1-MCP处理显著地降低果心褐变指数,可完全抑制黄金梨贮藏期间果实黑皮病的发生,但可能会增强果实对二氧化碳的敏感性.     

基于气相色谱的1-MCP检测方法及释放规律研究

以异丁烯作为标准物,绘制标准曲线,采用气相色谱法对1-MCP浓度进行测定.建立条件如下:柱温100℃,载气压力120 kPa,进样器温度130℃,检测器温度150℃,进样量2 mL.此检测条件下,异丁烯和1-MCP浓度与峰面积值均呈良好线性关系,可用于精确检测1-MCP气体的浓度.商品1-MCP释放条件为用水浸湿(或高湿度),释放速率与浸湿程度相关,干燥条件下不释放1-MCP气体.低温(0℃)条件对1-MCP气体的释放产生抑制作用,释放速率显著低于常温(28℃)条件.用保鲜袋包装青皮核桃并进行1-MCP处理(1-MCP药包放置于保鲜袋上部封口处)发现,相同时间内靠近药包放置点的1-MCP积累浓度显著高于远离药包放置点的位置,表现为上部>中部>下部,且10 h内差异均达显著水平.     

1-MCP对鸭梨贮藏期间生理品质变化的影响

以鸭梨为试材,经1-MCP处理后冷藏,研究不同采收期鸭梨在冷藏期间的生理与贮藏品质的变化。试验结果表明,1-MCP对果实的呼吸强度和乙烯释放量具有显著的抑制作用,对早采果实抑制呼吸作用效果最为显著;在冷藏期间具有乙烯释放高峰,不同采收期的果实均于贮藏180天时达到峰值。1-MCP对减缓果实可溶性固形物含量的消耗,以及对早采和稍晚采果实抑制硬度效果明显,也对适时采收和稍晚采收果实果皮相对电导率变化的作用效果较好。     

1-MCP对猕猴桃果实品质和细胞氧化还原水平的影响

以中华猕猴桃为试材,分别于0、10、20、30℃条件下采用1μL/L的1-甲基环丙烯(1-MCP)处理12h和24 h后,在20℃条件下贮藏,研究不同1-MCP处理温度和时间对中华猕猴桃果实贮藏品质及其细胞氧化还原水平的影响.结果表明,1-MCP处理12h可显著降低猕猴桃果实的呼吸强度和乙烯释放量,其中在30℃下的处理...     

1-MCP和热处理对台农芒果贮藏品质的影响

以台农芒果为试材,研究了1-MCP(1μL/L)处理、热处理(50℃热水处理10 min)以及两者结合处理对台农芒果采后生理及贮藏品质的影响。结果表明:与对照相比,1-MCP处理和1-MCP处理+热处理可较好地保持果实的绿色,降低果实细胞膜的透性,保持较高的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,抑制丙二醛(MDA)的产生,对延缓果实衰老起到了积极的作用。同时,热处理+1-MCP处理还抑制了可溶性固形物(TSS)含量的增加和可滴定酸(TA)含量的下降,更好地提高了台农芒果的耐贮性。     

1-MCP对西峰山小枣采后生理及其保鲜效果的影响

采用1.00 uL·L-1 1-MCP(1-甲基环丙稀)在0℃条件下熏蒸西峰山小枣24 h,再于0℃条件下进行贮藏.结果表明,1-MCP处理促进了全红果变软,但可减少全红果水分损失,对半红果软果率影响很小.1-MCP处理对枣果硬度、VC、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸的影响均不明显.     

1-MCP处理对韭菜采后贮藏生理和品质的影响

采用0.5μg/mL1-MCP熏蒸处理韭菜,研究1-MCP采后处理对20℃、RH80%~85%贮藏期间韭菜品质和生理指标影响。结果表明:与去离子水熏蒸组相比,1-MCP处理能维持韭菜贮藏期间的感官品质,减缓可溶性固形物、VC、叶绿素含量的下降速度,抑制失重率、呼吸强度、丙二醛含量的上升;在保持过氧化氢酶(CAT)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性的同时,还能有效抑制过氧化物酶(POD)活性。1-MCP处理可有效延缓韭菜衰老速度,维持贮藏品质。