Distribution of Acid Phosphatase During Autolysis in Bovine Liver

The percentage distribution of acid phosphatase between lysosomes and cytoplasm in bovine liver during autolysis at 37°C was investigated. The share of the cytoplasmic acid phosphatase activity of the total acid phosphatase activity in liver tissue increased during autolysis being before incubation 28–42 % and after 24 hrs.'' incubation at 37°C 63–94 %. Microbiological contamination increased the proportion of cytoplasmic acid phosphatase.When bovine liver was incubated at 37°C for 24 hrs., the activity of the total acid phosphatase decreased to about 50 % of the initial activity. During a 16 days'' incubation at 4°C the total acid phosphatase activity of bovine liver, however, remained unchanged.     

The Effect of Experimental Methyl Mercury Poisoning on the Number of Sulfhydryl (SH) Groups in the Brain,Liver and Muscle of Rat

Fifteen adult male rats, the “experimental” rats, were fed a daily diet which contained methyl mercury hydroxide combined with liver homogenate. The daily dose of methyl mercury in terms of metallic mercury was 1.8 mg per rat. Six similar rats, the “controls”, were fed the same diet without methyl mercury. After the experimental rats had developed symptoms typical of methyl mercury poisoning, which occurred on the 15th day of the experiment, all the test animals were decapitated. The average total dose of methyl mercury producing toxic symptoms was 58,1 ± 6.1 mg Hg per kg body weight. The sulfhydryl groups and the mercury content of the brains, livers and caudal femoral muscles of the animals were determined. The SH determinations were made by amperometric titration and the mercury determinations by neutron activation analysis.The mean number of SH groups in the brains (14.95 ± 1.97 µM/g) and livers (35.89 ± 4.10 µM/g) of the methyl mercury-fed rats was found to be significantly (P < 0.001 and P < 0.01 respectively) lower than the corresponding means of the livers (17.63 ± 1.12 µM/g) and brains (44.75 ± 5.60 µM/g) of the controls. The number of SH groups in the muscles did not differ significantly between the animal groups (0.5 < P < 0.6). The mean mercury content of the brains, livers and muscles was found to be 26.0, 124.6 and 39.1 p.p.m. respectively, corresponding to 0.12, 0.62 and 0.19 µM per g of tissue. The decrease in the number of SH groups in the brains, 2.68 µM/g, and in the livers, 8.86 µM/g, of the methyl mercury-fed rats is thus considered to be due mainly to other effects of methyl mercury than to the direct binding of this compound to the tissue SH groups.     

实验性雏鸡汞中毒诊断指标的筛选

通过人工复制雏鸡汞中毒模型，筛选临床汞中毒诊断指标，为生产实践中防治汞中毒提供理论参考。选用健康雏鸡100只，采用分组对比的方法，研究发病动物的临床症状、病理变化、血常规变化、肝功能变化，测定血液、组织和羽毛中汞含量。实验结果表明：根据中毒动物体重明显降低，生长发育严重迟缓；实质性器官肝、肾、脑组织细胞变性坏死；血常规检查RBC总数、WBC总数、Hb含量、嗜酸性WBC减少；肝功能检查GOT、GPT活性显著增高（P＜0．01），AKP活性显著降低（P＜0．01）；血液、组织和羽毛中汞含量高于正常；结合流行病学调查，即可建立雏鸡汞中毒的诊断。     

Effect of Luteolin on Blood Indexes,Liver and Kidney in Mice with Acute Mercury Poisoning

To study the effect of luteolin on blood indexes,liver and kidney in mice with acute mercury poisoning,28 mice were randomly divided into four groups:Control group (intraperitoneal injection 0.9% saline),luteolin group (lavage 100 mg/kg luteolin),mercuric chloride group (intraperitoneal injection 4 mg/kg mercury chloride) and mercury chloride+luteolin group (intraperitoneal injection 4 mg/kg mercuric chloride,lavage 100 mg/kg luteolin).The activities of ALT in serum,AST,CREA and BUN contents,blood WBC,RBC,HGB content and GSH and MDA contents of liver tissue were detected.Morphological changes of liver and kidney tissues were observed.The results showed that compared with the control group,the activities of ALT and AST of mercuric chloride group were extremely significantly increased (P < 0.01),serum CREA,BUN,blood WBC and liver tissue MDA contents were significantly increased (P < 0.05) while blood RBC,HGB and liver tissue GSH contents were significantly decreased (P < 0.05).Liver,kidney pathological changes were obviously.Compared with mercuric chloride group,the activities of ALT,AST in serum,CREA,BUN,blood WBC and liver tissue MDA contents of mercuric chloride+luteolin group were significantly decreased (P < 0.05),while blood RBC,HGB and liver tissue GSH contents were significantly elevated (P < 0.05).Liver,kidney pathological changes were attenuated obviously.The poisoning were characterized by inflammation and the occurrence of anemia when acute mercury poisoning occurred,liver and kidney showed different degrees of injury in mice.Luteolin could reduce the toxic effects of acute mercury poisoning on blood,liver and kidney.     

木犀草素对急性汞中毒小鼠血液生化指标、肝脏及肾脏的影响

试验旨在研究小鼠急性汞中毒后血液、肝脏及肾脏的中毒表现及木犀草素对急性汞中毒小鼠血液指标、肝脏及肾脏的影响。将28只小鼠随机分成4组,分别为对照组(腹腔注射0.9%生理盐水)、木犀草素组(灌胃100 mg/kg木犀草素)、氯化汞组(腹腔注射4 mg/kg氯化汞)和氯化汞+木犀草素组(腹腔注射4 mg/kg氯化汞,灌胃100 mg/kg木犀草素)。检测血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)和谷草转氨酶(AST)活性,肌酐(CREA)和尿素氮(BUN)水平,血液白细胞(WBC)、红细胞(RBC)和血红蛋白(HGB)水平及肝脏组织谷胱甘肽(GSH)和丙二醛(MDA)水平,并观察肝脏、肾脏组织形态学改变。结果显示,与对照组相比,氯化汞组的血清ALT、AST活性极显著升高(P < 0.01),血清CREA、BUN,血液WBC及肝脏组织MDA含量均显著增加(P < 0.05),血液RBC、HGB及肝脏组织GSH水平均显著降低(P < 0.05),肝脏、肾脏病理变化明显。与氯化汞组相比,氯化汞+木犀草素组的血清ALT、AST活性,CREA和BUN,血液WBC及肝脏组织MDA含量均显著降低(P < 0.05);血液RBC、HGB及肝脏组织GSH含量均显著升高(P < 0.05),肝脏、肾脏病理变化减轻。小鼠急性汞中毒后,其中毒表现为炎症和贫血的发生及肝脏、肾脏不同程度的损伤,木犀草素可减弱急性汞中毒小鼠血液、肝脏和肾脏的毒性作用。     

中药对鸡实验性汞中毒临床症状和病变的影响

通过观察中药对实验性汞中毒鸡病变的影响,为中药治疗汞中毒提供基础资料。将试验鸡(脱温鸡苗72只)随机分为3组,每组24只,分别为空白对照组,阳性对照组和中药治疗组。试验动物于第20、40、60天时,处死试验鸡,观察脏器指数,取肝、脾和肾制作组织切片,观察病变。试验结果表明,中药在60日龄时,明显缓解鸡汞中毒临床症状;阳性对照组第20天脏器指数明显高于空白对照组(P0.05),阳性对照组第40和第60天增加更为显著(P0.01);与阳性对照组比较,中药治疗第40天各脏器指数显著下降(P0.05),第60天下降极显著(P0.01);中药能缓解汞中毒鸡组织病变。由此推断中药可缓解汞中毒鸡组织器官损伤。     

水牛感染肝片吸虫后肝脏组织的病理学变化

15 头水牛在人工感染条件下进行肝片吸虫感染, 慢性感染组水牛每天口服60 个囊蚴, 20 d 总共口服1 200 个囊蚴。急性感染组水牛1 次口服1 600 个囊蚴。慢性感染的水牛于感染后第26 周宰杀。急性感染的水牛分别于第10 , 13 , 16 和22 周宰杀。肝脏的组织病理学显示, 肝片吸虫幼虫可引起肝脏一系列炎症反应。急性感染后第10 周和13 周肝细胞变性、坏死, 肝小叶内淤血, 大量淋巴细胞浸润, 继而发展为肝索萎缩。急性感染后第22 周及慢性感染后第26 周, 汇管区内有大量结缔组织及新生的小胆管增生。实验表明慢性感染和急性感染肝片吸虫的水牛均可导致肝脏典型的病理学变化。     

实验性山羊四氯化碳中毒的研究

将过量的四氯化碳注射到山羊瘤胃内，诱发山羊四氯化碳中毒，结果表明，中毒的山羊以中枢神经系统抑制，消化机能障碍和肝脏广泛性坏死为其特征。     

Distribution of Cat Flea Larvae in the Carpeted Household Environment

Abstract— Cat flea egg production usually peaks during the night, coinciding with normal sleep periods for indoor pet dogs and cats. Adult flea feeding activity and the production of dried-blood feces is not correlated with the sleep activity of the host. Eggs and dried-blood feces fall or are dislodged from the pelage of the host at sleep or resting sites. In a case study example, cat flea hatched eggs, and larval exuviae were found to have a clumped distribution within household carpet. The spatial distribution of the immature stages were influenced by the habits of the pet host indoors. First- and second-in star larvae do not move far from the location of egg deposition and hatch. The movement of the larval stage is influenced by several factors in the environment, including pedestrian and pet traffic. The distribution of larvae in household carpeting is correlated with the sleeping habits of the host and egg deposition habits of the cat flea. Résumé— La production d'oeufs des puces de chat est maximale habituellement durant la nuit, coïncidant ainsi avec les périodes de sommeil des chiens et des chat. L'activité alimentaire des puces adultes et la production de fèces n'est pas corrélé avec la période de sommeil de l'hôte. Les oeufs et les excréments tombent ou sont détachés du pelage de l'hôte pendant le sommeil ou dans les zones de repos. Dans une étude, les oeufs des puces de chat éclos et les exuvies larvaires, ont une distribution groupée dans les tapis de la maison. La distribution spatiale des stades immatures sont influencées par les habitudes des animaux à l'intérieur. Les larves (stade I et II) ne peuvent pas se mouvoir loin du lieu du dépôt et d'éclosion des oeufs. Le mouvement des larves est influencé par divers facteurs de l'environnement, notamment les déplacements des personnes et des animaux. La distribution des larves dans les tapis de la maison est corrélée aux habitudes de sommeil de l'hôte et au dépôt des oeufs des puces du chat. [Robinson, W. H. Distribution of cat flea larvae in the carpeted household environment (Distribution des larves des puces du chat dans les tapis de la maison). Resumen— La producción de huevos en la pulga del gato alcanza su máximo nivel durante la noche, coincidiendo con los periodos normales de sueño de los perros y gatos de compañia. Los periodos de alimentación y de producción de heces de sangre seca de las pulgas adultas no coincide con el sueño del huésped. Los huevos y la heces de sangre seca caen o son eliminados del pelaje del huésped durante el sueño o en los lugares de descanso. En un estudio con casos clinicos, se observó que los huevos eclosionados de la pulga del gato y los restos de las larvas se encontraban en forma de agregados en la alformbra de la casa. La distribución espacial de los estadios inmaduros se veia influido por las costumbres del animal huésped dentro de la casa. En el primer y segundo estadío larvario no se desplazan lejos de donde se deposita y eclosiona el huevo. El movimiento de la larva se ve influido por varios factores del entorno, como el tráfico de personas y de animates. La distribución de larvas en las alfombras de la casa se correlaciona con los hábitos de sueño del huésped y con la deposición de huevos por la pulga. [Robinson, W. H. Distribution of cat flea larvae in the carpeted household environment (Distribución de larvas de la pulga del gato en viviendas enmoquetadas).     

Morphology and Distribution of Lamellar Corpuscles in the Mesentery of the Cat

Mesentery samples obtained from 13 mixed breed cats were stereoscopically and microscopically examined and yielded the following results. In the mesentery, lamellar corpuscles were densely distributed around blood vessels, with a mean number of 182.2 ± 20.9 and mean maximum and minimum diameters of 0.98 ± 0.18 mm and 0.54 ± 0.08 mm, respectively. While most lamellar corpuscles were isolated, some complex lamellar corpuscles were found in the mesentery. Lamellar corpuscles in the mesentery appear to serve more as internal receptors that detect changes in the internal environment than as external receptors. In addition, those found around blood vessels in the mesentery are likely to be involved in blood pressure regulation.     

脂肪酸酰化位置对营养代谢影响的研究进展

常用脂类中８０％ ～９０ ％ 的组分为三酰甘油（ＴＡＧ）。研究结果表明：在三酰甘油上不同酰化位置的脂肪酸影响三酰甘油消化吸收;并进一步影响体内的代谢。本文综述了三酰甘油中脂肪酸酰化位置对于三酰甘油的消化吸收及代谢的影响。     

The Effect of Hyperbaric Oxygen Treatment on a Compromised Axial Pattern Flap in the Cat

A pedicle skin flap based on the caudal superficial epigastric artery was created in 12 cats. The artery was ligated and the vein left intact. Six cats were treated with hyperbaric oxygen at 2 atm absolute for 90 minutes daily for 14 days, starting the day after surgery. Skin flap color was significantly better in the treated cats on days 1, 2, and 3. The amount of exudate was significantly less in the treated cats on day 3. There was no difference in the amount of swelling between treated and nontreated control cats. Although five of six of the treated cats had 100% skin flap survival, there was no significant difference in total flap survival between treated and nontreated control cats.     

没食子酸对D-半乳糖致雄性小鼠肝脏损伤的保护作用

为研究没食子酸对D-半乳糖致小鼠肝脏损伤的保护作用,60只ICR雄性小鼠随机分为6组。保留10只为正常对照组,剩余小鼠以D-半乳糖诱导氧化应激模型,建模成功后将小鼠随机分为模型组、阳性对照组、没食子酸低、中和高剂量组。30 d连续灌胃后测定小鼠抗氧化性能指标。结果表明,与空白对照组比较,模型组小鼠肝组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)含量显著降低,丙二醛(MDA)和过氧化氢(H_2O_2)含量显著升高(P<0.05);没食子酸能提高SOD、GSH-Px、T-AOC和CAT活性,降低MDA和H_2O_2含量(P<0.05),改善了D-半乳糖引起的Nrf2和HO-1 mRNA水平降低。表明没食子酸对D-半乳糖所致的肝组织损伤有一定的改善作用,机制可能与抗氧化作用同时激活Nrf2/HO-1信号通路有关。     

Localization of Oestrogen Receptors in the Epididymis During Sexual Maturation of the Domestic Cat

Oestrogens are involved in regulation of spermatogenesis and sperm maturation and are essential for male fertility. To study the role of oestrogens on epididymal function in the domestic cat, we analyzed the localization patterns of oestrogen receptors (ERs) within the epididymis of juvenile, pubertal and adults using immunohistochemistry. Cat epididymal tissues obtained during routine castrations were fixed in chilled Bouin's solution and processed for immunohistochemistry with ER-specific antibodies. For a certain receptor type, ER localization was influenced by donor age. In the juvenile epididymis, ERα was localized in the nuclei of epithelial cells of efferent ducts and undifferentiated epithelium of the ductus epididymis. During puberty, ERα localization in the undifferentiated epithelium of the epididymis shifted from the nuclei to the cytoplasm and plasma membrane. Oestrogen receptor-α level was highest in the pubertal and adult epididymis, especially within the cytoplasm and in plasma membranes of caput epithelial cells. This finding was suggestive of a role in fluid reabsorption within the efferent ducts and the epididymis. In corpus and cauda regions, ERα was less abundant, suggesting a minor role for oestrogens in sperm storage areas. Interestingly, localization of ERβ was neither influenced by age nor location within the epididymis and was ubiquitous throughout. Results demonstrate that oestrogen actions within the epididymis may be predominantly mediated through ERα during sexual maturation in the domestic cat.     

茉莉酸甲酯处理对蓝莓贮藏品质的影响

为探究茉莉酸甲酯对蓝莓贮藏品质的的影响。通过采后用不同浓度的茉莉酸甲酯处理蓝莓,在(0.5±0.5)℃冷藏条件下研究蓝莓生理品质变化,并结合主成分分析法对不同处理进行综合评价。结果表明：采后用茉莉酸甲酯处理均能不同程度低降低果实的腐烂率、呼吸强度及相对电导率,延缓蓝莓鲜果的硬度、VC含量、可滴定酸含量、可溶性固形物含量、花色苷含量及总酚含量的降低,降低蓝莓蓝莓果实PG活性和LOX活性。另外,主成分分析表明经过茉莉酸甲酯处理的蓝莓综合得分明显高于对照处理,并且300 μmol/L 茉莉酸甲酯处理的样品综合得分最高。因此,采后用300 μmol/L 茉莉酸甲酯对蓝莓果实的贮藏效果最好,能有效保持蓝莓的贮藏品质。     

4种漂浮液对猫粪样中曼氏迭宫绦虫卵的浮集效果

以水洗沉淀法作对比,比较了硫代硫酸钠、硫酸镁、氯化钠和硫酸锌4 种漂浮液对猫粪便中曼氏迭宫绦虫卵的浮集效果。结果表明,沉淀法的阳性粪便检出率为100%,硫代硫酸钠、硫酸锌、硫酸镁和氯化钠4 种漂浮液的阳性粪便检出率分别为100%, 97. 5%,62.5%和35%; 4 种漂浮液的浮集率分别为98.7%,10.1%,30.2%和3.0%。经F检验和多重比较方法分析,结果表明,硫代硫酸钠、硫酸镁、氯化钠和硫酸锌4种漂浮液中对虫卵的浮集效果差异显著,硫代硫酸钠漂浮液与沉淀法检查结果差异不显著,表明硫代硫酸钠漂浮液可替代沉淀法检查猫曼氏迭宫绦虫卵。     

脂肪营养与脂肪酸酰化位置关系的研究进展

三酰甘油是由甘油及在甘油分子上酰化的脂肪酸组成.在三酰甘油上的不同酰化位置的脂肪酸影响三酰甘油消化吸收;尤其对于长链饱和脂肪酸的影响,并进一步影响三酰甘油在体内的代谢.     

雏鸭人工感染黄曲霉毒素及其毒素含量的动态变化

通过7日龄樱桃谷鸭饲喂黄曲霉毒素(AFB1)含量为150 bbp的全价饲料,复制雏鸭感染黄曲霉毒素急性中毒病例,观察中毒鸭的临床症状;于6、12、24、48、72、96、120、144、168和192 h分别剖杀2只,观察大体病理变化,并用ELISA试剂盒测定血液、肝脏中的AFB1含量.黄曲霉毒素急性中毒病例的临床症状主要为:生长停滞,跛行,运动失调,死前呈角弓反张等神经症状.剖检病理变化主要为:气囊混浊有黄色纤维素样渗出物,肝脏肿大呈土黄色,质地变脆并有出血点.饲喂黄曲霉毒素饲料6 h后即可从血液、肝脏中检出AFB1,随着饲喂黄曲霉毒素饲料时间的延长,血液、肝脏中AFB1的含量逐渐增高,7d时肝脏和血清中的AFB1分别高达53.4 ng/g和35.68 ng/g.     

饲粮脂肪水平对冬毛期银狐能量代谢、血清生化指标、肝脏脂肪酸组成及肝脏型脂肪酸结合蛋白基因表达的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮脂肪水平对冬毛期银狐能量代谢、血清生化指标、肝脏脂肪酸组成及肝脏型脂肪酸结合蛋白(L-FABP)基因表达的影响。选取145日龄、体重相近的健康雄性银狐50只,随机分成5组(每组10个重复,每个重复1只),分别饲喂含10%、12%、16%、20%、24%混合油脂(鸡油∶豆油=1∶1)的试验饲粮,试验饲粮对应的脂肪水平为12.85%(A组)、14.71%(B组)、18.72%(C组)、22.23%(D组)、26.11%(E组)。预试期为15 d,正试期为75 d。结果显示:1)饲粮脂肪水平显著或极显著影响冬毛期银狐干物质日采食量、日采食代谢能、平均日增重和代谢能增重比(P0.05或P0.01),而对总能消化率无显著影响(P0.05)。2)随着饲粮脂肪水平的升高,冬毛期银狐血清甘油三酯(TG)、葡萄糖(GLU)水平呈升高趋势,且E组血清TG水平显著高于A、B组(P0.05),A组血清GLU水平显著低于其他各组(P0.05)。饲粮脂肪水平对血清总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平以及谷丙转氨酶(ALT)和谷草转氨酶(AST)活性无显著影响(P0.05)。3)饲粮脂肪水平对冬毛期银狐肝脏脂肪酸中多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)、单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)及饱和脂肪酸(SFA)的比例有显著或极显著影响(P0.05或P0.01)。随着饲粮脂肪水平的升高,肝脏中PUFA和MUFA的比例升高,而SFA的比例则下降。4)随着饲粮脂肪水平的升高,冬毛期银狐肝脏中L-FABP mRNA相对表达量基本呈增加趋势,其中E组极显著高于A、B、C组(P0.01)。由此得出,过高的饲粮脂肪水平不利于冬毛期银狐充分利用饲粮中营养物质;提高饲粮脂肪水平可增加冬毛期银狐血清TG和GLU水平,同时促进肝脏中不饱和脂肪酸的沉积;提高饲粮脂肪水平可上调冬毛期银狐肝脏中L-FABP基因的表达,进而促进脂肪酸的转运,减轻高脂饮食对肝脏造成的损伤。