苦楝表型性状梯度变异的研究

将24个苦楝群体729个家系的5个地理气候因子及与其对应的苦楝18个表型性状因子进行典范相关分析,第一典范变量的特征根为0.997 9(0.01水平极显著),占全部特征根的78%;跟进主成分分析将二元坐标降为1维数据轴,即表型性状梯度轴.采用内插法在苦楝自然分布区内按0.2表型性状梯度差值绘出等值线图,揭示出苦楝表型性状东北-西南梯度变异的地理模式.通过通径分析描述各表型性状对表型性状梯度值的直接作用和间接作用,从侧面证实了繁殖器官性状的稳中求变.     

苦楝种源果核和种子性状地理变异的趋势面分析

正苦楝(Melia azedarach L.)为楝科(Meliaceae)楝属(Melia L.)植物,俗称楝树、紫花树等,是速生、优质的多用途用材树种。我国苦楝资源丰富,分布广泛,从北方的河北保定、山西运城和甘肃陇南到南方的海南崖县,从东部的台湾、福建沿海到西部的四川和云南,分布范围覆盖中国陆地的三分之一[1],集中     

Geographic variation pattern ofLarix olgensis

On the basis of the data of provenance test for 10 years in the total natural range ofLarix olgensis from 10 seeds collection sites, the geographic variation patterns have been made by means of canonical correlation analysis: (1) The basic variation patterns of growth characters is in vertical gradual change along the elevation gradient as principal, and gradual change along the latitude as supplement. (2) The Xiaobehu provenance with low elevation and low equivalent latitude is the good gene resource center ofL. olgensis. It has the genetic characters of rapid growth, high stability and fine timber quality. (3) The synthetical interaction between water and heat factors is the major factor to produce the variation ofL. olgensis and the temperature is the principal one. (4) Among the genetic variations of geographic population characters, the variation of growth is the most obvious one, and it could be taken as the main character for provenance division. (5) By allocating the seeds from the low equivalent latitude region to the northern suitable afforestation areas, the greater genetic gain could be obtained. (Responsible Editor: Chai Ruihai)     

Structural features of a new heteropolysaccharide from the fruit bodies of Melia azedarach and its effect on cytotoxic activity

Water-soluble polysaccharides were extracted from the fruit pulps of Melia azedarach and some columns were undertaken to isolate the major polysaccharide (MPS-III). Its structural features were elucidated by IR analysis, carbohydrate analysis, periodate oxidation, Smith degradation, methylation analysis and NMR spectroscopy. Then it was evaluated for the cytotoxic activity in vitro against four human cell lines, using the sulphorhodamine B assay. The data obtained indicated that MPS-III contains a α(1→4) main chain backbone composed of arabinose, mannose in a molar ratio of 1.31:1.0 and has α(1→6) branch structure. And MPS-III showed a strong cytotoxic activity in the BGC-823 cell line.     

Contributions of salmon-derived nitrogen to riparian vegetation in the northwest Pacific region

We examined the relationship between the annual escapement of salmon and the δ ¹⁵N of willow (Salix spp.) leaves to evaluate the contribution of marine-derived nutrients (MDN) to riparian vegetation around the Pacific Northwest and Northeast regions. Foliar δ ¹⁵N values ranged from −3.42‰ to 4.65‰. The value increased with increasing density of carcasses up to 500 fish/km and 1500 fish/km. δ ¹⁵N values were variable at carcass densities below 500 fish/km. Possible factors affecting the fluctuation of δ ¹⁵N at reference sites are: (1) denitrification; (2) the presence of N₂-fixing trees, such as alder; and (3) agricultural runoff. δ ¹⁵N values at the sites with carcass densities over 500 fish/km were consistently high, while a value of δ ¹⁵N below zero was observed at only one site (Rusha River; δ ¹⁵N = −1.87‰). At this site, most adult pink salmon returned to limited locations near the estuary because steeper channel gradients acted as a migration barrier, resulting in the negative δ ¹⁵N value. Nevertheless, we concluded that our results showed evidence of the feedback of MDN to terrestrial vegetation, although the use of the δ ¹⁵N value as a terrestrial end member at spawning sites is limited. If the relationship between the enrichment index, which is expressed as the values using a mixing model, and salmon abundance was estimated, the availability of MDN in riparian ecosystems could possibly be evaluated and will lead to the establishment of escapement goals. An erratum to this article is available at .     

尾叶桉×细叶桉木材密度与生长的联合选择

[目的]评估Resistograph钻刺法间接测定尾叶桉×细叶桉木材密度的可靠性,检测杂交亲本对子代表型的效应以及生长与木材密度的相关,评选速生、优质的尾细桉杂种。[方法]基于10株尾叶桉与10株细叶桉不完全析因交配产生的56个杂交组合的7.5年生试验林,利用79株分析容积法与Resistograph钻刺法测定的木材密度的相关,通过方差分析检测亲本对杂种生长和木材密度的效应,结合多重比较和独立淘汰法进行材积和木材密度的联合选择。[结果]容积法与Resistograph钻刺法测定的木材密度的表型相关系数为0.52(P0.001),遗传相关系数为0.55(P0.05);树高、胸径及材积的母本间和父本间均呈极显著差异(P0.001或0.01),但母本×父本互作的效应不显著;对钻刺木材密度,父本间呈极显著差异(P0.001),母本×父本互作显著(P0.05),但母本间差异不显著;树高、胸径和材积间的表型相关和遗传相关均极显著(P0.001),其与钻刺木材密度的表型相关极显著(P0.001),但遗传相关不显著;评选出速生、木材密度较高的杂交组合14个、单株17株。[结论]Resistograph钻刺法是一种间接测定尾细桉木材密度的简便、经济和可靠的方法;母本和父本选择以及母本与父本的组配对培育速生、材质优良的尾细桉杂种均较重要;尾细桉生长与木材密度的遗传相关不显著,需要对这两类性状分别进行选择;评选的尾细桉杂交组合和单株为培育速生、优质的桉树良种提供了有用的材料。     

Nutrient dynamics associated with leaf litter decomposition of three agroforestry tree species (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Azadirachta indica,Dalbergia sissoo</Emphasis>, and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Melia azedarach</Emphasis>) of Bangladesh

Azadirachta indica A. Juss, Dalbergia sissoo Roxb., and Melia azedarach L. are little studied species in nutrient return capabili- ties from leaf litter decomposition to maintenance of the soil fertility despite their importance in agroforestry practices of Bangladesh. A leaf litter decomposition experiment was conducted using a litterbag tech- nique to assess the nutrient return efficiency of these species. The de- composition rate of leaf litter was highest for M. azedarach and lowest for D. sissoo. Rainfall and temperature of study sites showed a signifi- cant (p<0.05) positive relationship with the rate of leaf litter decomposi- tion. The highest decay constant was observed for M. azedarach (6.67). Nitrogen and Phosphorus concentration in leaf litter showed a decreased trend sharply at the end of the first month, whereas rapid decrease of Potassium concentration was reported within 10 days. Conversely, higher concentration of nutrient was observed at the later stages of decomposi- tion. All three species showed a similar pattern of nutrient release (K > N > P) during the decomposition process of leaf litter. Among the studied species, D. sissoo was best in terms of N and P return and A. indica was best in terms of K return.     

Interspecific relationships in the forest community dominated by Pinus kwangtungensis, an endangered species endemic to China

Interspecific relationships in a natural forest dominated by Pinus kwangtungensis, a rare and endangered pine species endemic to China, were studied based on inventory data from 7,200 m² plots in Nanling National Nature Reserve. With the aim to quantitatively analyze the relationships of P. kwangtungensis to other species in the forest community and to their habitat, the continuous transect sampling method was employed by placing a horizontal transect (10 m × 120 m) at a 100 m altitudinal interval from 1,100 m to 1,600 m a.s.l., which represents the altitudinal range of P. kwangtungensis in Nanling National Nature Reserve. Each transect was further divided into 12 contiguous quadrats (10 m × 10 m) for plant censuses. Both canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) and cluster analysis were used to detect the interspecific relationships. The results showed the following: 1) occurrence frequency of P. kwangtungensis in Nanling was ranked Class A in terms of Raunkiaer’s law of frequency. P. kwangtungensis dominated in the canopy more than in the subcanopy and understory; 2) both Spearman rank correlation (SRC) coefficients and Pearson correlation coefficients indicated that the number of positive covariation couplets was significantly higher than the negative covariation couplets in the forest community, although SRC appeared to be more sensitive than Pearson correlation analysis. Except for the negative covariation with Litsea elongata, P. kwangtungensis exhibited no significant correlation with other dominant species; 3) altitude, slope, slope aspect, slope shape, thickness of humus layer, and thickness of litter all had significant correlations with the three axes in CCA plot, and the environmental factors in the first two axes defined the ecological conditions of the community. The grouping of the 105 canopy tree species was made according to the characteristics of the species along the first axis. Altitude was the most effective factor influencing the distribution of P. kwangtungensis; 4) variability in spatial distribution among the 105 canopy tree species could be attributed to variations to site environmental factors. The results from CCA and cluster analysis indicated that environmental factors influenced the distribution and ecological characteristics of the plant species in the forest community dominated by P. kwangtungensis. __________ Translated from Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2006, 26(4): 1,063–1,072 [译自: 生态学报]     

Larvicidal activity of Solanum villosum Mill (Solanaceae: Solanales) leaves to Anopheles subpictus Grassi (Diptera: Culicidae) with effect on non-target Chironomus circumdatus Kieffer (Diptera: Chironomidae)

Chloroform-methanol extract of mature leaves from Solanum villosum Mill (Solanaceae: Solanales) was investigated to establish its biocontrol potentiality under laboratory condition against larval forms of Anopheles subpictus Grassi (Diptera: Culicidae), the vector of human malaria. All the graded concentrations (30, 50, 100 and 200 ppm) showed significant (P < 0.05) larval mortality and results of regression equations revealed that the mortality rates were positively correlated with the concentrations of the extract (R ² close to 1). LC₅₀ values for all instars were between 24.20 and 33.73 ppm after 24 h and between 23.47 and 30.63 ppm after 48 h of exposure period. Significant changes in the larval mortality (F < 0.05) was also recorded between instars during single “ANOVA” analysis. This extract also demonstrated no toxicity to larvae of Chironomus circumdatus Kieffer (Diptera: Chironomidae) which were found to be present as most common non-target dipteran insect in the habitats of A. subpictus. Qualitative and chromatographic analysis of the solvent extract revealed the presence of carbohydrates, saponins, terpenoids, volatile oil, steroids, phenols and flavonoids as major bioactive phytochemicals.     

Inheritance and cross-resistance of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bacillus thuringiensis</Emphasis> insecticidal crystal protein Cry1Ac resistance in cotton bollworm <Emphasis Type="Italic">Helicoverpa armigera</Emphasis> Hubner population from Tamil Nadu,India

Cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera Hubner selected for five generations with Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal crystal protein Cry1Ac in the laboratory developed 12.98-fold resistance. Resistance and susceptible populations were mass crossed to study the dominance of resistance. The Cry1Ac—selected (BCR) population showed 5.8-fold resistance to Cry1Aa and 5.04-fold resistance to Cry1Ab. The degree of dominance (D) was 0.34 and 0.40 for the R × S and S × R hybrids, respectively, which indicates incomplete recessive character of Cry1Ac resistance in the population. The estimated realized heritability (h ²) and response quotient (Q) of resistance for Cry1Ac were 0.52 and 0.15, respectively. This indicated the lower phenotypic variation in the selected population. The resistance risk assessment based on h ² indicated that the resistance would increased tenfold after <9 generations for Cry1Ac in the resistant population. The results show the ability of H. armigera to develop resistance against Cry1Ac and cross-resistance to Cry1Aa and Cry1Ab.     

Spatial distribution patterns and environmental interpretation of Anthriscus sylvestris clonal buds

Anthriscus sylvestris, a weed found both in Europe and China, is a kind of representative clustered clonal plant and is a foe on dams and banks. It has been widely investigated in Europe for its powerful progenitive ability and tolerance to severely adverse environments. Our aims were to investigate and quantify its spatial distribution patterns in four types of community habitats, using a clustering method and adjacency lattice established by Greig-Smith. We concluded our environmental interpretation based on canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) appended to a Monte Carlo test with randomized seeding. The results indicate that the buds around the parent roots are in an aggregation distribution pattern in all scales (0.002–5.12 m²), but theoretical distribution fitting, like negative binomial and Poisson distribution, show that some sizes of several sampling locations are out of place. For this, spatial ordination gives a satisfactory answer implying the effect of environmental variables such as depth of humus layer, soil moisture, light condition, disturbance intensity and herb abundance. CCA accounts for 64.7% of the total environmental variation and the remaining variation may be counteracted in those five variances or can be interpreted by other factors like accumulating temperature, annual rainfall and altitude in landscape scale. With the aid of temporal sequencing, the suppressed type II (monodominant) may be the former mode of suppressed type I (stable type), where invasion is done with the help of disturbance from both humans and nature. The abundance of A. sylvestris can add to our cognition in diversity resistance hypothesis and our hypothesis on disturbance before or upon immigration. __________ Translated from Journal of Zhejiang Forestry Science and Technology, 2007, 27(3): 1–7, 11 [译自: 浙江林业科技]     

濒危植物水青树叶的表型性状变异

[目的]通过对濒危植物水青树叶表型性状的测量分析,研究其表型变异程度和变异规律,并从遗传和环境适应角度探讨其致濒机制,为其天然种群的有效保护及管理提供科学依据。[方法]对来自14个水青树天然种群的90个个体的17个叶形态及其表皮微形态性状进行测量,利用巢式方差分析、多重比较、主成分分析、聚类分析、相关分析等多种分析方法,探讨种群间和种群内的叶表型变异及其与地理、环境因子的相关性。[结果](1)水青树17个叶表型性状在种群内和种群间均存在显著差异;(2)17个性状的平均表型分化系数为46.69%,种群内的变异(31.83%)大于种群间的变异(28.85%),种群内变异是水青树叶表型变异的主要来源;(3)各性状平均变异系数(CV)为12.56%,变异幅度为4.17%26.25%;(4)水青树叶表型变异与年均日照时数、7月均温及年均降雨量等环境因子有关,变异呈现出随经度、纬度、海拔的梯度渐变规律;(5)利用主成分分析结果进一步聚类,可将14个水青树天然种群分为3大类。[结论]水青树天然种群间叶表型分化处于中等水平,种群内变异程度较低,其对环境的适应范围缩减,适应能力较差,这可能是导致水青树濒危的重要原因。据此,提出了相应的保护措施以便对其进行有效保护。     

Analysis of synonymous codon usage in chloroplast genome of Populus alba

The pattern of codon usage in the chloroplast genome of Populus alba was investigated. Correspondence analysis （a commonly used multivariate statistical approach） and method of effective number of codons （ENc）-plot were conducted to analyze synonymous codon usage. The results of correspondence analysis showed that the distribution of genes on the major axis was significantly correlated with the frequency of use of G＋C in synonymously variable third position of sense codon （GC3S）, （r=0.349）, and the positions of genes on the axis 2 and axis 3 were significantly correlated with CAI （r=-0.348, p〈0.01 and r=0.602, p〈0.01）. The ENc for most genes was similar to that for the expected ENc based on the GC3s, but several genes with low ENc values were lying below the expected curve. All of these data indicated that codon usage was dominated by a mutational bias in chloroplast gcnome ofP. alba. The selection in nature for translational efficiency only played a minor role in shaping codon usage in the chloroplast genome ofP alba.     

Simulation of soil water dynamics in a Caragana intermedia woodland in Huangfuchuan watershed

As vegetation coverage increases, soil water content can decrease due to water uptake and evapotranspiration. At a very high level of plant density, poor growth and even mortality can occur due to the decrease of soil water content. Hence, a better understanding of the relationship between soil water content and the density of plants is important to design effective restoration projects. To study these relationships, we developed a soil water dynamic simulation model of a Caragana intermedia woodland under different slope gradient and slope aspect conditions in the Huangfuchuan watershed on the basis of the previous studies and field experiments. The model took into account the major processes that address the relationships of plants and the environment, including soil characteristics, precipitation, infiltration, vegetation transpiration, and soil evaporation. Daily changes in soil water content, transpiration, and evaporation of the Caragana intermedia woodland with different vegetation coverage, slope gradient, and slope aspect were simulated from 1971 to 2000. Based on the model simulations, we determined the functional relationships among soil water content, plant coverage and slope as well as the optimal plant density on flat slopes. We also determined the effects of slope gradient and slope aspect on soil water content. When slope gradient was less than 10°, the optimal plant density was sensitive to slope gradient. In the slope range from 10° to 30°, plant density was not sensitive to slope gradient. Therefore, it is important to consider planting densities on the hillsides with slope gradients less than 10° for reconstructing vegetation. __________ Translated from Acta Phytoecologica Sinica, 2005, 29(6): 910–917 [译自: 植物生态学报]     

RAPD analysis of genetic relationships among Sphaeropsis sapinea isolates

Genetic relationships were studied among 23 isolates of Sphaeropsis sapinea collected from China, the United States, England, South Africa and Chile by using a random amplification of a polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analytical method. One hundred and 35 DNA fragments were amplified with 12 random primers by a polymerase chain reaction PCR technique and 96.3% were polymorphic. The genetic dendrogram based on RAPD analysis showed that the S. sapinea isolates could be divided into three types. Isolate CWS41 from Chile was separated genetically as the first type that was different from other isolates and isolates F2 and J2 from China comprised the second group. The third RAPD group accommodated other isolates including the B morphotype isolate CWS43 from the United States. __________ Translated from Journal of Nanjing Forestry University, 2006, 30(1): 13–16 [译自: 南京林业大学学报]     

Variation analysis and fine family selection on half-sib progenies from clonal seed orchard of Pinus massoniana

Variation of traits that include height, diameter at breast height (DBH), stem volume, crown width, straightness, wood basic density, tracheid length and width of open-pollinated progenies from clonal seed orchard of Pinus massoniana was analyzed. Differences in traits such as growth, tree form and wood quality among families was significant, which indicated that the improvement potential was notable. Heritability of height and wood basic density reached 0.691 and 0.640, respectively. According to a correlation analysis between traits, stem straightness could be improved indirectly when growth traits are improved; growth traits were significantly correlated with wood basic density; and wood basic density was not significantly correlated with length and width of the tracheid. Under the selection ratio of 10%, genetic gains were 19.74% and 19.32% respectively, and selected families from the progeny test stands at the age of five years and eight years were the same. Genetic correlation of height, DBH and stem volume was also significant at the level of 0.01. These show that selection of the short rotation of P. massoniana for pulp and paper use would be efficient for five-year-old trees. According to the comparison of the heritability of all the traits and taking into account the result of canonical correlation analysis, height could be considered as the most important index for selection. Given wood quality of all the families, and flowering and fruit settings of the clones in a seed orchard, twelve fine families were selected at 10% selection ratio of height growth and stem volume. Translated from Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2005, 41(6): 43–49 [译自: 林业科学]     

Photosynthetic response ofPinus sylvestriformis to elevated carbon dioxide and its influential factor analysis

The photosynthetic response of 12-year oldPinus sylvestriformis to elevated CO₂ and its influential factors were tested and analyzed in the forest region of Changbai Mountain in 1999. Trees grown at the natural condition were controlled at three levels of CO₂ concentration (350 μL·L⁻¹, 500 μL·L⁻¹ and 700 μL·L⁻¹) by CO₂ rich settlement designed by us. Net photosynthetic rates (NPR), temperature, relative humidity, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO₂ concentration and photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) were measured at 6:00, 8:00, 10:00, 14:00, 16:00 and 18:00 hours a day. Experimental results showed that the NPR ofPinus sylvestriformis increased by 32.6% and 123.0% at 500 μL·L⁻¹ and 700 μL·L⁻¹ CO₂ concentration respectively, compared to ambient atmospheric CO₂ concentration (350 μL·L⁻¹). The relations between NPR and influential factors, including temperature, relative humidity, intercellular CO₂ concentration and photosynthetic active radiation, were analyzed respectively by regression analysis at different CO₂ concentrations. Foundation Item: This project was supported by Chinese Academy of Sciences. Biography: WANG Chen-rui (1970-), male, Assistant Research Fellow in Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Responsible editor: Chai Ruihai     

Over-expression of Tryptophan Decarboxylase Gene in Poplar and its Possible Role in Resistance Against Malacosoma disstria

Amines and their derivatives are known to influence insect behavior involved in feeding and reproduction. In order to examine the feasibility of improving the resistance of poplar to insect pests by the introduction of a plant-derived amine-generating transgene, explants from the hybrid poplar clone ‘INRA 717 1B4’ (P. tremula ×P. albo) were transformed with a Camptotheca acuminata tryptophan decarboxylase (TDC, EC 4.1.1.28) cDNA driven by the CaMV 35S promoter. The enzyme TDC catalyzes the decarboxylation of tryptophan to tryptamine, which, in addition to being a bioactive amine itself, is known to act as a precursor of various other indole derivatives. Putative transgenic lines were confirmed by PCR for the TDC1 gene sequence and by the expression analysis of the transgene mRNA and encoded protein. No visible phenotypic changes were associated with ectopic TDC1 expression. Chemical and radiotracer analyses of the transgenic plants revealed tryptamine accumulation as high as 4 mM in leaf tissue, and suggested that the tryptamine produced by ectopically expressed TDC was not further metabolized. Insect bioassays with the TDC transgenic plants showed that the tryptamine accumulation was consistently associated with adverse effects on feeding potential and physiology of Malacosoma disstria (forest tent caterpillar).     

Characteristics of the temperature coefficient, Q 10, for the respiration of non-photosynthetic organs and soils of forest ecosystems

The temperature coefficient, Q ₁₀ (fractional change in rate with a 10°C increase in temperature) describes the temperature sensitivity of soils, roots, and stems, as well as their possible performance in global warming processes. It is also a necessary parameter for the estimation of total CO₂ efflux from each element. A number of studies have focused on Q ₁₀ values to date; however, their conclusions are not universal and do not always agree. A review of these reported Q ₁₀ values therefore becomes necessary and important for a global understanding of the temperature sensitivity of different forest types and elements. The aims of our present paper are, first, to find the frequency distribution pattern of soils, roots, and stems (branches) and compare their temperature sensitivity; then, to find the Q ₁₀ differences between conifer and deciduous tree species and the effect of methodology on Q ₁₀ values; finally we want to give a perspective on future Q ₁₀-related studies. We found that most Q ₁₀ values of each element were concentrated in a relatively narrow range despite a total data distribution over quite a wide range. For soil respiration, the median Q ₁₀ value was 2.74 and the center of the frequency distribution was between 2.0 and 2.5 with a percentage of 23%. Most of the data (>80%) were within the range from 1.0 to 4.0. The median Q ₁₀ value for root respiration was 2.40 and the center of the frequency distribution was from 2.5 to 3.0 with a percentage of 33%. Most of the results (>80%) ranged from 1.0 to 3.0. For stem respiration, the median Q ₁₀ value was 1.91 and the frequency distribution was concentrated between 1.5 and 2.0. Over 90% of the data ranged from 1.0 to 3.0. Obvious differences in Q ₁₀ value were found between different elements, stem < root < soil including root < soil excluding root. The differences between woody organisms of stems, roots, and soils excluding roots were statistically significant (p<0.05), indicating that heterotrophic respiration from microorganism activity may be more sensitive to global warming. The duration of the period with leaves slightly affects the temperature sensitivity of woody organisms since the Q ₁₀ values for root and stem of coniferous evergreen trees did not differ significantly from deciduous trees (p>0.10). CO₂ analytical methods (soda lime absorption method, IRGA (Infra-read gas analysis), and chromatograph analysis) and root separation methods (excised root and trenched box) slightly affected the Q ₁₀ values of soil and root respiration (p>0.10), but an in vitro measurement of stem respiration yielded a significantly higher Q ₁₀ value than an in vivo method (p<0.05). In general, although the Q ₁₀ values of non-photosynthetic organisms stayed within a relatively conservative range, considerable variation between and within elements were still detectable. Accordingly, attention should be paid to the quantitative estimation of total CO₂ efflux by Q ₁₀-related models. In future studies, the biochemical factors and the environmental and biological factors controlling respiration should be emphasized for precise estimation of total CO₂ efflux. The difficulty is how to clarify the underlying mechanism for fluctuations of Q ₁₀ values for one specific habitat and element (e.g. temperature acclimation or adaptation of Q ₁₀ values) and then allow the Q ₁₀ values to be more conservative for representation of temperature sensitivity in global warming processes. __________ Translated from Acta Phytoecologica Sinica, 2005, 29(4) [译自:植物生态学报, 2005, 29 (4)]     

Morphological variation of Quercus liaotungensis leaves in Lingkong Mountain, Shanxi province

In order to study variation of morphological traits and the influencing factors of natural populations of Quercus liaotungensis Koidz. in Lingkong Mountain Nature Reserve of Shanxi region, five populations were included, and 24 morphological traits of leaf and apical bud were investigated. The analysis of variance showed that variation of all the morphological traits within population were significant, whereas significant difference existed in five property indices among populations (α = 0.05), which resulted from genetic and environmental factors. The results revealed that direction and degree of slope, average diameter at breast height in populations, and population density were the main influencing factors. Intrapopulation variation mainly contributed to morphological variation, and the phenotypic differentiation coefficient was 13.31%, which indicated low level of differentiation. But several characteristics exhibited high differentiation level, such as width of the tooth of leaf base (25.99%) and the middle apical bud (25.23%). The morphological indices, including the tooth of leaf base, leaf tip, petiole, and leaf area were precarious and changed a lot within population, which arose from the variation of individual’s development. However, only two morphological indices, the middle apical bud and the tooth of leaf base, are unstable, which indicates the extensive influence of environmental factors. __________ Translated from Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2005, 27(5): 10–16 [译自: 北京林业大学学报]