硝氯粉和肝蛭净驱除绵羊肝片吸虫效果的对比试验

分别应用硝氯粉、肝蛭净两种药物,采取口服投药方式,以不同剂量做绵羊肝片吸虫驱虫效果的对比试验。结果表明:硝氯粉按5mg/kg体重驱虫,肝片吸虫虫卵减少率96.85%;肝蛭净按12mg/kg体重驱虫,虫卵减少率96.74%。虽二者的驱虫效果差异不大,但在实际操作中,硝氯粉剂量稍大会出现中毒反应;剂量过小则效果不佳,硝氯粉剂量较难控制。建议养畜户在绵羊肝片吸虫驱虫时最好用肝蛭净。     

硝氯酚和福诺得驱除绵羊肝片吸虫效果的比较试验

应用硝氯酚和福诺得在绵羊中进行了驱除肝片吸虫效果的比较试验.结果表明,硝氯酚按5mg/kg体重驱虫,虫卵减少率96.17%;福诺得按13mg/kg体重驱虫,虫卵减少率96.34%,两者的驱虫效果相似,但在应用时硝氯酚剂量稍大会出现中毒反应,剂量过小则效果不佳.建议驱除绵羊肝片吸虫时尽量应用福诺得.     

羊肝片吸虫病药物防治模式试验探讨

羊肝片吸虫病是草原畜牧中危害肉羊最为严重的寄生虫病之一,常常造成肉羊黄疸、贫血、慢性营养消耗等对畜牧业经济产生严重影响,为了做好肝片吸虫病的防治,选取自然感染肝片吸虫的绵羊采用不同药物进行驱虫试验,结合沉淀法确定驱虫效果,结果表明:氯氰碘柳胺钠虫卵减少率100%;硝氯酚虫卵减少率91.4%,转阴率84.6%;丙硫苯咪唑虫卵减少率86.6%,虫卵转阴率76.9%;中药肝蛭散虫卵减少率53.2%,虫卵转阴率7.6%。通过试验氯氰碘柳胺钠注射液对肝片吸虫祛除率高,是首选药物。丙硫苯咪唑驱虫需反复灌服为宜,硝氯酚在秋季驱虫效果好但需要联合用药,肝蛭净散驱虫要和广谱抗虫药联合用药,通过筛选为临床寄生虫提供科学依据,为今后研究最佳的驱虫模式奠定了基础。     

三氯苯咪唑混悬剂对牦牛肝片吸虫的驱虫试验

应用三氯苯咪唑混悬剂,选择自然感染肝片吸虫的牦牛60头进行了驱虫试验。结果表明:①三氯苯咪唑混悬剂5mg/kg体重剂量对肝片吸虫的虫卵转阴率、减少率分别为83.3%、90.0%,对成虫的驱净率和驱虫率分别为91.7%、93.8%,对童虫的驱净率和驱虫率分别为83.3%、90.1%;10、15mg/kg剂量对肝片吸虫虫卵转阴率、减少率及成虫、童虫的驱净率和驱虫率均达100%;②三氯苯咪唑混悬剂10mg/kg剂量与同剂量三氯苯咪唑片剂的驱虫效果无明显差异;③三氯苯咪唑混悬剂3个剂量组试验牛未见异常反应。试验证明三氯苯咪唑混悬剂10、15mg/kg剂量驱除牦牛肝片吸虫高效安全,临床使用以10mg/kg剂量为宜。     

两种驱虫药物驱除羊肝片吸虫的效力试验

应用三氯苯咪唑片剂和氯氰碘柳胺钠注射液,选择6~8月龄自然感染肝片吸虫的绵羊80只进行驱虫试验。结果:(1)三氯苯咪唑片剂5、10、15 mg/kg体重剂量对肝片吸虫的虫卵转阴率、减少率和成虫的驱虫率均达100.0%,对肝片吸虫幼虫的驱虫率分别为93.9%、100.0%和100.0%;(2)氯氰碘柳胺钠注射液5、10、15 mg/kg体重剂量对肝片吸虫的虫卵转阴率分别为60.0%、80.0%和100.0%,减少率分别为89.2%、98.2%和100.0%,对成虫驱虫率均分别为97.9%、100.0%和100.0%,幼虫驱虫率分别为90.7%、94.3%和100.0%;(3)三氯苯咪唑片剂10 mg/kg体重剂量与同剂量对照药物三氯苯咪唑混悬剂的驱虫效果无差异;(4)三氯苯咪唑片剂和氯氰碘柳胺钠注射液3个剂量组试验羊未见异常反应。试验证明,三氯苯咪唑片剂5、10、15 mg/kg体重和氯氰碘柳胺钠注射液10、15 mg/kg体重剂量驱除绵羊肝片吸虫安全高效。驱除绵羊肝片吸虫两种药物的使用剂量,三氯苯咪唑片剂不低于5 mg/kg,氯氰碘柳胺钠注射液不低于10 mg/kg体重。     

国产三氯苯咪唑驱除山羊肝片形吸虫效果试验

以国产三氯苯咪唑对自然感染肝片形吸虫的山羊进行了驱虫试验，并以硝氯酚为药物对照。结果表明，三氯本咪唑5mg/kg体重的剂量对肝片形吸虫成虫和童虫的驱虫率分别为99.3%和92.9%，驱净率为75％；三氯苯咪唑10mg/kg体重的剂量对肝片形吸虫成虫和童虫的驱虫率均为100％，驱净率为100％；硝氯酚5mg/kg体重剂量对肝片形吸虫成虫驱虫率为100％，但对童虫的仅为74.3%，而驱净率仅为60％。在整个试验期间试验羊均无不良反应。     

3种药物对防治青海绵羊肝片吸虫病的效果观察

选用长效内外驱虫净、多捕达、武四肝蛭清、伊立佳4种药物,按照说明剂量经口服给药对互助县南门峡镇某户1²岁绵羊进行了肝片吸虫病驱虫试验。结果表明:给药7 d后,对照组虫卵减少率为29.75%,武四肝蛭清组虫卵减少率最高为85.22%;15 d后,武四肝蛭清组的虫卵减少率可达100.00%。试验表明:不宜长期连续使用同一种药物进行肝片吸虫病的防治,武四肝蛭清对驱除绵羊肝片吸虫高效安全,适宜当地推广应用。     

应用三氯苯唑控制羊春乏季节肝片吸虫病试验

目的为有效预防和控制定西市羊肝片吸虫的发生。方法选用三氯苯唑利用不同剂量和不同时间进行羊肝片吸虫驱治效果及最佳驱治时间的试验,并以硝氯酚驱虫作为对照。结果选用不同剂量的三氯苯唑对各个阶段羊肝片吸虫驱治率均可达到99.8%-100%;三氯苯唑驱虫组分别在10月、11月、12月对肝片吸虫进行驱治,来年4月份肝片吸虫驱净率分别为10%、60%和100%;硝氯酚驱虫组为30%。结论利用三氯苯唑在每年12月份驱治羊肝片吸虫,可达到春季羊体内无肝片吸虫的最佳效果,能彻底控制和消灭羊肝片吸虫病的发生。     

三氯苯咪唑片剂对藏系绵羊肝片吸虫的驱虫试验

应用三氯苯咪唑片剂分为5,10,15mg/kg体重剂量组,并设药物对照组和阳性对照组,选择自然感染肝片吸虫的绵羊经口一次给药,采用粪检法进行了驱虫试验。结果:,三氯苯咪唑片剂5mg/kg剂量组7,14,21,28d的虫卵转阴率分别为86.7%,93.3%和100.0%,减少率分别为97.1%,96.3%和100.0%;10,15mg/kg剂量组的虫卵转阴率、减少率均达100%;,三氯苯咪唑片10mg/kg剂量与同剂量三氯苯咪唑原料药的驱虫效果无明显差异;,三氯苯咪唑片剂3个剂量组试验羊未见异常反应。试验证明三氯苯咪唑片剂10mg/kg剂量驱除绵羊肝片吸虫高效安全,适宜推广应用。     

波尔山羊寄生虫病的药物驱虫效果试验

为了探索不同药物对波尔山羊体内外寄生虫的驱虫效果,采用杀螨脒、癣净灵、灭虫丁等13种药物进行比较试验.结果表明:600×10- 6桔子皮液离体杀螨时间仅158 min,癣净灵活体动物杀螨时间最短为22 h;建议外用灭虫药物应首选癣净灵;广谱药物阿力佳杀螨时间为24 h,残效期为28 d;按驱虫净15 mg/kg体重+虫净灵10 mg/kg体重剂量,患羊进行口服驱虫,一般2次后,发现首次感染肝片吸虫后的羊只对驱虫药物敏感,效果明显,经3次驱虫后,病羊基本转阴;消化道线虫驱虫试验表明:按5 mg/kg 体重剂量口服Rintal片时,消化道线虫的虫卵减少率,虫卵转阴率,虫卵孵化第三期幼虫减少率和第三期幼虫转阴率较高,且安全,无任何毒副作用.     

THE EFFICIENCY OF CLIOXANIDE AND RAFOXANIDE AGAINST FASCIOLA HEPATICA IN SHEEP BY DIFFERENT ROUTES OF ADMINISTRATION

Groups of sheep were infected with 100 viable metacercariae of Fasciola hepatica. The efficiencies of clioxanide and rafoxanide were evaluated against infections aged 6 and 12 weeks, by using 3 dose rates of each compound by each of 3 routes of administration. Clioxanide, at 40 mg/kg, administered orally and intra-ruminally against 6-week-old liver fluke was 85 and 90% efficient respectively. At 80 mg/kg intra-abomasally its efficiency was 43%. Clioxanide at 20 mg/kg was 96% efficient against 12-week-old liver fluke when given orally or intra-ruminally and 82% efficient when given intra-abomasally. Because of its lower efficiency intra-abomasally, clioxanide may be unsatisfactory in a proportion of sheep, for use against immature liver fluke at a dose rate of 40 mg/kg. It may be expected to give a moderate to high efficiency against mature infections at 20 mg/kg.     

佳灵三特-CA驱除动物园草食动物内寄生虫试验

佳灵三特－CA（Closantel sodium)以3－10mg/kg剂量对亚洲象、长颈鹿、河马等28种草食动物做了驱虫试验。结果表明：在5－10mg/kg剂量时，草食动物的片形吸虫卵、前后盘吸虫卵及线虫卵转阴率分别为100％（23／23）、98．46％（64／65）、97．80％（89／91）；3mg/kg剂量不能驱动亚洲象的片吸虫。     

Fasciola hepatica infection in farmed emus (Dromaius novaehollandiae)

Objective To describe two cases of infection with Fasciola hepatica i n young farmed emus, subacute and chronic fasci-olosis and a response to treatment of the flock with albenda-zole.
Procedure Gross lesions were found at necropsy and hepatic lesions in microscopic examination. The parasite recovered from one emu was identified by its morphological characteristics and an egg count reduction test was carried out after treatment of the flock with albendazole.
Results Hepatic lesions resembling subacute and chronic fasciolosis of ruminants were identified. An adult fluke was recovered from the liver of one of the birds and was identified as F hepatica . The eggs of the fluke were irregular in shape and size. No fluke eggs were identifiable in faeces of live emus 10 days after treatment of the flock with albendazole at a dose of 10 mg/kg.
Conclusions This is the first reported case of infection with F hepatica i n farmed emus and the first report of the occurrence of Fasciola infection is the class Aves. The irregular shape and size of the eggs may be attributable to infection of an aberrant host. Treatment with albendazole eliminated eggs from the faeces of the flock.     

The activity of triclabendazole against immature and adult Fasciola hepatica infections in sheep

SUMMARY The efficiency of a new benzimidazole anthelmintic, triclabendazole, was tested against cumulative infections with Fasciola hepatica aged 1 to 12 weeks in sheep and compared with that of rafoxanide. At 10 mg/kg, triclabendazole was 99% effective in eliminating both immature and adult flukes. At a lower dose rate of 5 mg/kg, triclabendazole was highly effective against adults and significantly reduced the number of early immature flukes with an 87% overall reduction of fluke burden. Rafoxanide at 7.5 mg/kg showed high efficiency against adult fluke, but its effect on immatures was not significant, and overall efficiency was 64%.     

Efficacy of a moxidectin/triclabendazole oral formulation against mixed infections of Fasciola hepatica and gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep

We have evaluated the efficacy in sheep of a combination drench formulation at the recommended dose rate of 0.2 mg moxidectin/kg bodyweight and 10 mg triclabendazole/kg bodyweight against an experimental infection with Fasciola hepatica and a natural infection with gastrointestinal nematodes. We confirmed that the efficacy of reducing fecal egg output was 98.3% for trichostrongyle eggs and 100% for F. hepatica eggs. Based on adult worm and fluke recovery, the efficacy varied according to the target species. A reduction was found in the number of Teladorsagia circumcincta, Trichostrongylus spp., Nematodirus spp., and Trichuris spp. greater than 95%, but the efficacy for Oesophagostomum spp. varied, with values below 90%. The reduction in F. hepatica was higher than 95% for all stages. The effectiveness of the formulation was also confirmed by an increase in total proteins and albumin following treatment.     

Ceftiofur hydrochloride: plasma and tissue distribution in swine following intramuscular administration at various doses

Twelve mixed-breed swine (26.5-42.5 kg) received three daily intramuscular (i.m.) doses of ¹⁴C-ceftiofur hydrochloride. Three males and three females, received 6.76 ± 0.83 mg of ¹⁴C-ceftiofur free acid equivalents (CFAE)/kg body weight (b.w.)/day, while the other group received 4.41 ± 0.97 mg-CFAE/kg b.w./day. The swine were slaughtered 12 h following the last dose. Total dose accountability for the 6.76 mg dose was 91.44 ± 16.11% (72.51% in urine; 12.63% in faeces). For the 4.41 mg dose, accountability was 100.35 ± 20.45% (82.48% in urine; 12.85% in faeces). Within the tissues used for residue monitoring, the highest concentrations were observed in the kidneys (10.68 and 6.33 μg-CFAE/g for the 6.76 and 4.41 mg doses, respectively), followed by the injection sites, lungs, liver and muscle. In a separate study, twelve mixbreed swine (23.1-39.7 kg) received ¹⁴C-ceftiofur hydrochloride at 3.08 mg-CFAE/kg b.w. once daily for 3 days. Two males and two females were slaughtered at either 12, 72 or 120 h after the last dose. Total dose accountability for the 3.08 mg dose was > 83% (> 68% in urine; > 13% in faeces). In swine slaughtered 12 h after the last dose, residue concentrations closest to the safe concentrations were observed in the kidneys (3.62 μg-CFAE/ g), followed by the injection sites, lungs, liver and muscle.     

国产阿维菌素驱杀绵羊内外寄生虫试验

在隔离饲养的条件下,０２ｍｇ／ｋｇ 、０３ｍｇ／ｋｇ 国产阿维菌素片剂和０２ ｍｇ／ｋｇ 气雾剂对绵羊颚虱、绵羊足颚虱、消化道线虫和丝状网尾线虫的驱杀效果均达１００ ％ ;对绵羊虱蝇杀灭率分别为９０６４ ％ 、９４９９ ％ 和８７７１ ％ ;对草原革蜱的杀灭率分别为７４４２ ％ 、８４９１ ％ 和７６３２ ％ ;原园科线虫减少率分别达８３１７ ％ 、９０７６ ％ 、８５６６ ％ 。因此,在放牧条件下,推广使用阿维菌素片剂是防治内外寄生虫病的一种有效手段。     

放牧绵羊主要寄生虫病药物防治技术试验与示范效果观察

为评价伊维菌素注射剂的驱虫效果与对放牧绵羊线虫病及外寄生虫病的防治示范效果,选择1.5岁感染线虫和部分外寄生虫的绵羊150只,设伊维菌素注射剂0.1,0.2和0.3mg/kg体重剂量组和伊维菌素片剂对照组,进行驱虫效果评价;在冬季应用伊维菌素注射剂按0.2mg/kg体重剂量对放牧绵羊进行规模防治技术示范,检查防治效果和考核防治效益。结果:药效试验中伊维菌素注射剂0.2mg/kg对绵羊消化道线虫虫卵转阴率和减少率分别为93.3%,99.3%,对原圆科线虫幼虫转阴率和减少率分别为90.0%和96.1%;0.3mg/kg剂量对消化道线虫虫卵及原圆科线虫幼虫转阴率和减少率均为100.0%;0.1mg/kg剂量对消化道线虫虫卵转阴率和减少率分别为76.7%,88.6%,原圆科线虫幼虫转阴率和减少率分别为66.7%和86.1%。防治示范群绵羊消化道线虫虫卵转阴率为93.3%,虫卵减少率为96.8%;对原圆科线虫幼虫转阴率和减少率分别为90.0%和96.2%。同期检查未防治对照组虫卵EPG和幼虫数略有增加。技术示范群比未示范群每只成年羊平均多增重5.47kg、幼年羊成活率平均提高2.1个百分点。结果表明该防治技术对放牧绵羊主要寄生虫病高效安全,效益显著。     

芬苯达唑干混悬剂对绵羊裸头科绦虫的驱除效力试验

应用芬苯达唑干混悬剂,分别按5,10,20mg/kg体重剂量驱除绵羊裸头科绦虫,并设吡喹酮片剂20mg/kg体重剂量药物对照组和阳性对照组。粪检结果:芬苯达唑干混悬剂5,10,20mg/kg剂量对裸头科绦虫的粪便虫卵(节片)转阴率分别为70.0%、100.0%和100.0%。用药后14d剖检结果:芬苯达唑干混悬剂5mg/kg体重剂量对莫尼茨绦虫、无卵黄腺绦虫的驱虫率分别为70.7%、63.0%;10、20mg/kg体重剂量的驱虫率均达100.0%。结果表明10mg/kg和20mg/kg体重芬苯达唑干混悬剂试验剂量对绵羊裸头科2属绦虫均有效,其中10mg/kg以上剂量驱除绵羊裸头科绦虫高效安全。