刚察县人工饲草生产机械化技术及草产业发＊展状况调研

饲草料是发展高效优质畜牧业的重要物质基础,大力发展饲草料生产加工,对促进畜牧业的可持续发展发挥着越来越重要的作用。近年来,刚察县委、县政府十分重视草产业发展,种植生产加工优质饲草被列为刚察县重点扶持对象,为刚察县畜牧业的持续、稳定发展提供了政策保障。     

甘孜州草业发展的制约因素及对策浅论

草原畜牧业是甘孜州传统产业、主导产业和特色产业。饲草料是畜牧业最重要的物质基础,冬春季节饲草料严重不足是制约甘孜生态畜牧业可持续发展的瓶颈。本文通过对甘孜地区草产业发展现状及制约因素分析,提出推动甘孜州草产业发展的对策建议,对促进农村产业结构调整、增加农牧民收入、实现脱贫致富和生态文明建设等具有重大意义。     

庄浪县草产业和草食畜牧业的现状及发展对策

坚持生产生态结合,持续推进草食畜牧业科学发展,落实创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享发展理念,加快建设现代饲草料产业体系,形成生产规模化、经营集约化的草产业和草食畜牧业发展格局,促进草食畜牧业可持续发展和全面建成小康社会。     

赤峰市饲草料生产能力评价分析

饲草料生产是畜牧业稳定健康快速发展的前提和基础,全市目前正常年景饲草料生产能力约为104亿kg,而需求量为126亿kg,缺口达到22亿kg,对赤峰市饲草料生产情况进行正确分析和评价,将会为赤峰市在今后一段时期内如何制定草产业发展规划和畜牧业的发展方针起到宏观指导作用。     

发展知识密集型草产业是解决舍饲禁牧、畜牧业产业化的关键所在

舍饲禁牧政策是保护草原生态环境、与自然环境和谐发展的重要举措。但禁牧期内滥牧现象屡禁不止,究其最根本原因还是饲草料的严重不足,解决这一问题就必须发展知识密集型草产业,有了足够的、高产优质的成本饲草料,舍饲禁牧问题就会迎刃而解,畜牧业生产才能稳步增长,禁牧、休牧工作才能发展好并能持久下去。     

青贮技术变迁史

正随着社会经济的全面发展和农业现代化进程的不断加快,草食家畜饲养规模不断扩大,进一步推动了草食畜牧业的发展,为优质饲草料生产提供了良好的发展机遇和广阔的市场空间。旺盛的需求促进了草产业的快速发展,各类饲草的种植生产、收储制作、管理利用的研究应用呈现出前所未有的发展势头,草产品在国内某些省区已形成庞大的产业体系,为促进草食畜牧     

乌兰察布市饲草料产业发展分析

<正>饲草料是畜牧业的物质基础,饲草料产业发展对于保护草原生态,促进现代畜牧业发展,带动农村牧区经济发展,增加农牧民收入,推进社会主义新农村、新牧区建设具有特别重要的意义。为了深入贯彻落实自治区"8337"发展思路,推进我市饲草料产业发展,根据全市农牧业产业发展规划,结合当前饲草料生产实际,编制此规划。     

宁夏干旱草原草业产业化经营现状与发展研究

草业是以草原资源保护为基础,生产物质产品、生态产品及精神产品的综合性产业.它主要包括草种业、牧草种植业、饲草料加工业、草原生态旅游业、草坪(花草)业和中草药种植业等,并以此延伸到木质纤维加工业、草地畜牧业及畜产品加工业等.干旱草原的草产业经营与发展不仅蕴藏着巨大的生产潜力,而且是一种新型的产业类型,也是现代化农业发展的必然产物.宁夏地处西北干旱和半干旱地区,年降水     

会宁县2016～2019年草产业发展概况分析与推进举措

为切实增强全县草产业的综合发展能力,实现畜牧业发展与生态经济相互促进共同发展,提高草产业在畜牧经济发展的基础性地位。在全面掌握全县草产业的基础上,本文通过对2016～2019年会宁县牧草种植、加工利用、商品化生产情况进行分析,找出了产业发展过程中存在的短板,提出了下一步的推进举措。     

通渭县畜草产业调查报告

为全面了解和掌握通渭县畜草产业发展现状,甘肃省畜牧业产业管理局于2013年8月下旬对通渭县草食畜牧业发展情况进行了深入调研。从总体上看,通渭县畜草产业呈现出快速发展的态势,但是畜草产业助推县域经济发展的潜力还远远没有充分挖掘,针对该县草畜产业发展中存在的主要问题和制约因素,提出了发展思路和对策。     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ

An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.     

Serum biochemical values and mineral element contents of tissues in yaks

Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein     

Avian brood parasitism — a growing research area in behavioral ecology (part Ⅱ)

正We are pleased to publish the second special issue on avian brood parasitism and to be responsible guest editors for the two special issues of Chinese Birds (Vol. 3, No. 4, 2012 and Vol. 4, No. 1, 2013), entitled "Avian Brood Parasitism - A Growing Research Area in Behavioral Ecology". The first issue was published in December 2012. The goal of the two special issues is to publish accumulated knowledge and some of the recent developments in     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -